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    Technical Drawing Complex Views

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    api-200253170
    Conceptual Sketches allow an idea to be expressed quickly in graphic form. When you are ready to design the details, you make a technical drawing. Is done to scale, and respects the proportions of the object represented.

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    Technical Drawing Complex Views

    Uploaded by

    api-200253170
    118 views32 pages
    Conceptual Sketches allow an idea to be expressed quickly in graphic form. When you are ready to design the details, you make a technical drawing. Is done to scale, and respects the proportions of the object represented.

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    technical drawing complex views

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    Conceptual Sketches allow an idea to be expressed quickly in graphic form. When you are ready to design the details, you make a technical drawing. Is done to scale, and respects the proportions of the object represented.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    118 views32 pages

    Technical Drawing Complex Views

    Uploaded by

    api-200253170
    Conceptual Sketches allow an idea to be expressed quickly in graphic form. When you are ready to design the details, you make a technical drawing. Is done to scale, and respects the proportions of the object represented.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    Technical Drawing

    Designing things on paper

    Conceptual Sketches
    When you first get an idea for something you want to build you may draw it roughly, without using instruments or accurate scales. This is called a conceptual sketch.

    Types of Drawings
    All Drawings

    Artistic

    Technical

    Sketches
    (conceptual)

    Diagrams (design & technical)

    Drawings
    (technical/engineering)
    simulated

    perspective

    Diagram
    (design plan)

    Diagram
    (technical)

    Oblique
    projection

    Isometric
    projection

    Multi view
    orthographic

    Less technical

    More technical

    A conceptual sketch
    Allows an idea to be expressed quickly in graphic form Is prepared free-hand (without drawing instruments) Is not done to scale, but it respects the rules of technical drawing as much as possible, and is made roughly proportional to the object represented.

    Technical Drawings
    Serve as a reference to workers, architects or machinists. When you are ready to design the details, you make a technical drawing, done with more detail and more accuracy.

    Difference:
    Sketch: made without drafting tools... Just pencil and paper. Scale is approximate, not accurate, but the sketch should still look like the object. Drawing: made with drafting tools... Ruler, set squares, protractor and compass. Scale should be accurate and the drawing carefully made.

    A technical drawing

    Presents all the information necessary for the objects construction. Is made with great precision, Requires the use of rulers, compass and protractor or drafting software. Is done to scale, and respects the proportions of the object represented. Respects conventions in the mode of the representation.

    Basic Lines (part 1)


    Visible
    (Object) Line

    Represents the outline Shows hidden details

    Thick Medium dashed Fine Fine,


    with arrows 8cm

    Draw the visible object edges with these lines Draw hidden edges with these Faint lines, sometimes coloured Dimension & extension lines go together!
    8 cm

    Hidden Line

    Construction Used during Line drafting Dimension Line Used to indicate a dimension

    Extension Line
    Center (Axial) Line

    Used with a dimension line


    Shows center or symmetry

    Fine
    Near arrows

    Fine
    With dash in middle

    Basic Lines (part 1)


    Ghost Line Cutting plane line Hatched Lines Long Break Short break (cutaway) Leader Line Shows possible movement Position of a cross-section Surface of a cross-section Shows that a line is shortened
    Object shortened or cut away

    Fine
    dashed

    Sometimes in other color Used only if you plan to draw a cross section Show where it is solid (section view only!!) Used only for large objects

    Thick
    With arrows

    Fine Fine
    With zig-zag

    Medium
    With curve

    Points to something

    Fine
    With bent arrow

    Attaches a comment or angle or dimension to an object.

    Technical Drawing of Fighter Plane


    (Isometric Projection, exploded view)

    Technical drawings can represent things


    as simple as a spoon, or

    Technical Drawing of a spoon Multi-view, Orthographic projection

    as complex as a space ship

    Photograph of Mercury Spacecraft

    Technical Drawing of Mercury Spacecraft, Top View, Orthographic Technical Drawing of Mercury Spacecraft, Isometric Projection

    Projections
    Perspective projections Multi-view projections Isometric projection Oblique projection

    Vanishing Point

    True Perspective
    Objects drawn in true perspective look realistic. They have vanishing points where straight lines seem to Vanishing Points converge
    They can have one, two or three vanishing points, depending on how much the artist wants to work.

    But in true perspective, objects far away will be drawn smaller than nearby objects not a good idea in technical drawing!
    Vanishing Points

    More True Perspective Drawings

    Now that you have seen how nice perspective drawings can be...

    FORGET ABOUT THEM!


    We hardly ever use perspective projections when doing technical drawing. They are too much work, and they dont show all the details we may need to show. Also, they distort both angles and dimensions.

    Leave them for ART class...

    Isometric Projection
    (a simulated perspective drawing style) Isometric (or simulated perspective) drawings look at first like perspective drawings But the lines dont converge. There are no vanishing points and distant objects are the same size as nearby ones. Right angles in isometric projections are usually represented by 60 or 120 angles.

    60
    Represents 90

    Represents 90

    More isometric drawings

    Warning: Your workbook classifies isometric drawings as perspective drawings, but they are not true perspective. They resemble perspective drawings but in a true perspective drawing, distant objects are drawn smaller. In isometric drawing, distant objects are not smaller..

    Oblique Projection
    another simulated perspective

    Similar to isometric projection, it is also a simulated perspective In oblique projections, the side of the object facing you is drawn square and accurate (that is with right angles at 90 and its measurements proportional) The sides not facing you are distorted
    Warning: Your workbook calls this oblique perspective, but it is not a true perspective.

    This side is not!

    This side is accurate


    90
    =60

    90

    Orthographic Projections
    Orthographic projections flatten one view of the object onto a sheet of paper, while retaining the correct proportions (angles and dimensions) Maps are an example of orthographic projection (a top view) The trouble with orthographic projections is that one view usually isnt enough.
    Maps and floor-plans are exceptions, where one top-view is often enough.

    Orthographic Projection
    (Multi-view)
    Draws an object as it would be seen from several different directions The views are flat, with all angles shown correctly and all measurements to scale.

    Comparing Projections
    Perspective drawings look nicer when used by an artist, but Isometric, oblique and multi-view drawings give more accurate information when used in technical drawing. Isometric drawings show accurate dimensions, but distorted angles. Oblique drawings give accurate dimensions for one side only. Orthographic (multi-view) are the best choice for most technical drawing.

    Oblique

    Orthographic (multi-view)

    Comparison of Projections
    Projection Orthographic
    (top view)

    Used for Drafting, maps, floor plans

    Tested on Yes

    Orthographic
    (multi-view)

    True Perspective
    (one, two or three point)

    Isometric
    (simulated perspective)

    Oblique
    (simulated perspective)

    Technical drawings, drafting, conceptual sketches (sometimes) Artistic drawing, conceptual sketches Conceptual sketches, technical drawings (sometimes) Conceptual sketches

    Yes

    No Yes

    No

    An Isometric Drawing

    Scale
    SCALE is the relationship between the measurement of an object drawn on a sheet of paper, and the measurements of the actual object. Often technical drawings are made a different size from the objects they represent. Scale-reduction is when the drawing is smaller than the actual object Scale-increase is when the drawing is larger than the actual object.

    Dimensioning
    When a drawing is done to scale, you should label it with its dimensions.
    Use dimension lines to label each dimension, with extensions where necessary You should label just enough edges to show all the dimensions, but you dont need to repeat. In Australia dimensions are usually given in millimetres (mm). If you use different units (cm, in, feet etc.) you need to write the unit. You do not need to write mm if all of your dimensions are in millimetres. Angles can be shown in degrees (), diameter by , and radius by R

    300 means 300mm


    unless another unit is specified

    Dimensioning

    A Toy Truck
    How to label an angle. means diameter (R would be radius)

    How to label small dimensions.

    Dimensioning
    Dimensions can also be shown on isometric drawings, but you have to be a bit more careful. Also, you should only show the most important dimensions on an isometric drawing.

    Diagrams
    Diagrams are simplified versions of a drawing. Diagrams show how an object works, not necessarily how it looks. Diagrams often use abstract symbols rather than actual pictures to represent things.

    A Circuit Diagram
    Doesnt show what the circuit looks like, but tells a technician how its connected.

    Diagram of Energy Conversion Unit


    It doesnt show what the unit looks like, but rather, what it does or how it works.

    Exploded Views
    A diagram that shows an object taken apart is sometimes called an exploded view.

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