Mechanical Drawing

Minhaz Ahmed
Lecturer
Department of Mechanical Engineering
CUET
What is drawing?
• Drawing is a graphic representation of a real thing or any idea.
• Humans are using drawing for many centuries to express their
thoughts and ideas from the ancient periods.
• They used draw on the walls of the cave like hunting a prey etc.
Let’s Draw something First.
Express Your Ideas
regarding this
parts.

How it can be
drawn?
How the drawing got formalized!
• If A picture is provided to some person then different person will have
different opinion about how it was build.
• Which will create difficulty in manufacturing the product.
• So uniformity is needed to properly understand a drawing.
• Idea which is expressed by one should be easily communicated.
• The language should not a barrier to express ideas.
• Drawing is a medium for easily expressing your ideas.
How the drawing got formalized!
Invertor of ‘Descriptive Geometry’

Pictures and sketches are Drawn to communicate but don’t have any
uniformity

One could draw figures in various ways

Architects, Engineering, designers have difficulty in understanding them

Monge formalized the Technical drawing what is known as Orthgraphic

Projections
Gaspard monge 1746-1818
The scheme was quickly adopted by Army Engineers and after the War It
was accepted worldwide and form the back bone of industrial
Engineer in French military
Revolution.
What we are going to learn
•Orthographic Projection
•Sectional Views
•Auxiliary View
•Pictorial Drawing
•AutoCAD Practice
Necessary Equipment for Drawing
• Drafting Board
• T-Square
Necessary Equipment for Drawing
• Set Squares
Necessary Equipment for Drawing
• Scales Compass
Necessary Equipment for Drawing
• Divider Protractors
Necessary Equipment for Drawing
• Irregular/ French Curves
Paper Size
Paper Border Overall
Size Size Paper Size
(bmm * 1mm) (b0 mm *l0 mm)
A0 821*1159 841*1189

A1 574*811 594*841

A2 400*564 420*594

A3 277*390 297*420

A4 190*267 210*297
Perpendicular & Parallel Line Drawing

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Types of line
Drawing Paper Layout:
 Layout of the title box

Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology

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TITLE:

SCALE:
10

ROLL NO:
NAME: 10

PLATE NO:
EVALUATED BY 10

110 75
Scaling of the drawing
• Scale is the ratio of the linear dimension of an
element of a machine part as represented in the
original drawing to the real linear dimension of
the same element of the machine part itself.
• Full size: 1:1
• Enlarged Scale: 50:1
• Reduction Scale: 1:2
Dimension
Drawing Views:
• Pictorial View
Look at the drawing shown in figure.
This type of drawing is called a
pictorial drawing. These drawings
are frequently used to show how an
object should appear after it is
manufactured. Pictorial drawings are
used as working drawings for a
simple item, such as a metal washer.
Drawing Views Pictorial drawings are used as working
Orthographic Projection
drawings for a simple item, such as a metal
washer. For a more complex object, as shown
in figure, it becomes too difficult to provide a
complete description in a pictorial drawing. In
this case, it is common practice to prepare
orthographic drawings to describe the object
fully. Assume you are holding the object
shown in figure in your hands. When you hold
the object so you are looking directly at the
top face of the object, the view you see is the
top view. A drawing of that view is called an
orthographic drawing.
Orthographic Views
• An orthographic drawing of only the top view of the object is
insufficient to describe the entire object; therefore, additional
orthographic drawings of one or more of the other faces of the object
are necessary. The number of orthographic views needed to describe
an object fully depends upon the complexity of the object. For
example, a simple metal washer can be fully described using only one
orthographic view; however, an extremely complex object may
require as many as six views (top, front, left side, right side, back, and
bottom). Most objects, such as the steel part shown in figure can be
sufficiently described using three views: top, front, and right side. For
the object shown in figure orthographic drawings of the top, front,
and right-side views are shown in figure .
Orthographic Views
• the placement of the views shown in figure above. This is a standard
practice that you should be aware of when reading orthographic
drawings. By this standard practice, the top view is always placed
above the front view and the right-side view is placed to the right of
the front view. When additional views are needed, the left side is
always drawn to the left of the front view and the bottom is drawn
below the front view. Placement of the back view is somewhat
flexible; how-ever, it is usually drawn to the left of the left-side view.
When reading and understanding the different orthographic views,
you find it is sometimes helpful to prepare a pictorial sketch.
Orthographic view
Drawing Views:
• Consider the building Block
Isometric Views:
The representation of the object in figure is called an
isometric drawing. This is one of a family of three-
dimensional views called pictorial drawings. In an
isometric drawing, the object's vertical lines are drawn
vertically, and the horizontal lines in the width and depth
planes are shown at 30 degrees to the horizontal. When
drawn under these guidelines, the lines parallel to these
three axes are at their true (scale) lengths. Lines that are
not parallel to these axes will not be of their true length.
Isometric Views:
• Any engineering drawing should show everything: a complete
understanding of the object should be possible from the drawing. If
the isometric drawing can show all details and all dimensions on one
drawing, it is ideal. One can pack a great deal of information into an
isometric drawing. However, if the object in figure in the previous
slide had a hole on the back side, it would not be visible using a single
isometric drawing. In order to get a more complete view of the
object, an orthographic projection may be used.
Isometric View

Isometric
Dimensioning
Sectional Views

Internal details can not be

seen from outside

pretending to cut the object on a plane and

showing the "sectional view".

Sectioned and orthographic view

Dimensioning

Indicating on a drawing, the size of the object and other

details essential for its construction and function, using
lines,numerals, symbols, notes, etc.

Dimensions indicated on a drawing should be those that are

essential for the production, inspection and functioning of
the object and should not be mistaken as those that are
required to make the drawing of an object.
Dimensioning of an
object is accomplished
by dimensioning each
element to indicate its
size (size dimensions)
and relative location
(location dimensions)
from a center line, base
line or finished surface.
Each feature is
dimensioned and
positioned only once.

Each feature is
dimensioned and
positioned where its
shape shows.
Size dimensions – give the size of the component.
Solid:
Every solid has three dimensions, each of the geometric shapes
making up the object must have its height, width, and depth
indicated in the dimensioning.
Basic geometric shapes used in drawing
Prism – most common shape
requires three dimensions - give two
dimensions on the
principal view and one dimension on
the other views.
Cylinder
Cone – requires
two dimensions –
diameter of the base
and altitude on the
same view and
length – both are
shown preferably on
the rectangular view.
Right pyramids –
requires three
dimensions –
dimensions of the
base and altitude.
Spheres – requires
only one dimension – diameter.
Location dimensioning
After the basic geometric shapes have been
dimensioned for size, the location of each relative to the others must be
given.
Locations must be established in height, width and
depth directions.
Rectangular faces are positioned with reference to
their faces, cylinder and conic shapes with reference to their center lines
and their ends.
Size and Location dimensioning
Terminology for dimensioning
practice
Dimension – numerical value
that defines
the size or geometric
characteristics of a
feature – size 3.5 mm and
space between
lines of text 1.5 mm.
Dimensions showing the sizes of
features, such as width, height
and depths of the parts and the
diameter of the hole

Dimensions showing the

location and orientations of
features, such as location of the
center of the hole
Dimension line
A thin, solid line that shows the extent and direction of a
dimension. Dimension lines are broken for insertion of the
dimension numbers.

Should be placed at least

10 mm away from the
outline and all other
parallel dimensions should
be at least 6 mm apart,
or more if space permits.
Arrows – 3 mm wide and should be 1/3rd as wide as
they are long - symbols placed at the end of dimension lines
to show the limits of the dimension. Arrows are uniform in
size and style, regardless of the size of the drawing.
Extension line – a thin, solid line perpendicular to a
dimension line, indicating which feature is associated
with the dimension.
Visible gap – there should be a visible gap of 1.5 mm
between the feature’s corners and the end of the
extension line.
Leader line
− A thin, solid line used to indicate the feature with which a dimension, note, or
symbol is associated.
− Generally a straight line drawn at an angle that is neither horizontal nor vertical.
− Terminated with an arrow touching the part or detail.
− On the end opposite the arrow, the leader line will have a short, horizontal shoulder.
Text is extended from this shoulder such that the text height is centered with the
shoulder line.
Diameter symbol – φ - a symbol which precedes a numerical
value, to indicate that the dimension shows the diameter of a
circle.
Radius symbol – R 0.5
Various types of dimension lines
Important elements of a dimensioning
Important elements of a dimensioning
Dimensioning of angles
Correct way of dimensioning
Aligned method Unidirectional method