PTD111 Lecture Notes 3 Dimensioning

DIMENSIONING
A dimensioned drawing should provide all the information necessary for a finished product or part
to be manufactured. It helps you to know the size, shape and location of a particular feature on a
drawing. A number of terms are used for illustrating dimensioning on the drawing, these include
the following Fig. (1)
• Dimension line.
• Projection line.
• Dimension.
• Leader line.
• Dimensional notes.
An example of dimension is shown below.
Fig. (1)
Dimensions are always drawn using continuous thin lines. Two projection lines indicate where the
dimension starts and finishes (about 10 mm from the object). Projection lines do not touch the
object (should start with a viz space about 1.5 gap) and are drawn perpendicular to the element
you are dimensioning. In general units can be omitted from dimensions if a statement of the units
is included on your drawing. The general convention is to dimension in mms.
All dimensions less than 1 should have a leading zero. i.e. .35 should be written as 0.35.
The basic rules of dimensioning are;
• Distribute dimensions between the views.
• Keep the dimension line about 10mm apart from the object.
• Do not repeat dimensioning same distance.
• If possible do not dimension hidden lines.
• Stagger dimensioning values.
• Create a logical arrangement of dimensions.
SYSTEMS OF DIMENSIONING
The two systems of dimensioning are;
a. Unidirectional system: in this system, dimensions are horizontally placed so that they
can be read from the bottom of the drawing sheet.
b. Aligned system: in this system, dimensions are placed parallel and above the dimension
lines, preferably in the middle and not interrupting the dimension lines.
PRINCIPLE OF DIMENSIONING FROM DATUM
• Datum Dimensioning (also known as parallel dimensioning) consists of several dimensions
originating from one projection line.
Advantages
- Because all measurements are taken from a datum, it is not prone to tolerance build up.
- It is easier to read.
The principle of dimensioning from datum is shown below
STUDY QUESTIONS
a. With the help of sketch, distinguish between; dimension line, projection line, leader and
the state the rules of their application.
b. Illustrate the aligned and unidirectional system of dimensioning.
c. Explain with sketch the purpose and principle of dimensioning from datum.
FREE-HAND SKETCHING
Introduction
Free-hand sketching is the ability to draw something without using or depending on instrument to
draw. We guide the drawing process with only our hand and it depends on our observational skills.
It is used extensively during the early design phases as an important tool for conveying ideas,
guiding the thought process, and serving as documentation. Unfortunately, there is little computer
support for sketching.
One of the advantages of freehand sketching is it require only few simple items such as
• Pencil (soft pencil i.e., HB).
• Paper (A3 & A4).
• Eraser.
• Clipboard
When sketches are made on the field, where an accurate record is required, a sketching pad
with clipboard are frequently used to hold the paper.
FUNCTIONS OF SKETCHING IN THE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION INDUSTRY

a. It is used for daily communication in the Engineering world as drawing is the
international language of communication.
b. It is used to transfer idea of an Engineer’s abstract world to the real world in 2D and 3D.
c. It is also used to quickly present an idea in graphical form to non-technical people.
d. It improves the communication between all the members of a team and also between
customer.
e. This drawing is drawn with the help of pencil and eraser only. Such drawing is drawn
before every type of actual drawing because it takes less time.
f. After doing such drawing, it is pondered over and necessary alterations are made in it if
needed. Then the actual drawing is prepared.
General Notes Before Sketching:

• The pencil should be held naturally, about 40mm from general direction of the line down.
• Place the paper rotated position so the horizontal edge is perpendicular to the natural position
of your forearm.
• When ruled paper is being used for sketching try to locate the sketched line on ruling line Use
your imagination and common sense when choosing the most suitable angle of view. Figures
10.2 to 10.7 are the demonstration of different sketching techniques of lines and shapes.
(Fig.1.1) Sketching Technique of horizontal lines
(Fig. 1.2) Demonstration of the sketching technique of horizontal and vertical lines
(Figure 1.3) Demonstration of sketching technique of a circle
(Fig.1. 4) Demonstration the sketching technique of an arc
(Fig.1.5) Demonstration the sketching technique of an ellipse
(Fig. 1.6) Demonstration of the sketching technique of a circle drawn in isometric projection.
Task Sheet
1) Use A4 sheet with a pencil and try to draw the lines as shown in Figure.
(Fig.1.7)
Q2. Figures (A) to (D) show four (4) isometric pictorial drawing of components, study the
Drawings and by using proper drawing tools, re-draw the isometric pictorial drawings in free-hand
sketching.
Note: do not include dimensions.
FIG. A FIG. B
FIG. C FIG. D

PTD111 Lecture Notes 3 Dimensioning

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DIMENSIONING

An example of dimension is shown below.

The two systems of dimensioning are;

The principle of dimensioning from datum is shown below

FUNCTIONS OF SKETCHING IN THE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION INDUSTRY

General Notes Before Sketching:

(Fig.1. 4) Demonstration the sketching technique of an arc

(Fig.1.5) Demonstration the sketching technique of an ellipse

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