Engineering Drawing

ME-1022

Lecture #: 01
Introduction

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 Course Outline
Part-I
1. Introduction: Types of lines, lettering, dimensioning, use of pencil and drawing
instruments, planning of drawing sheet.
2. Use of instruments and letter writing practice
3. Engineering Geometry: Geometrical construction engineering drawing practice
4. Projections: Types of projections, orthographic projections, plane of projections,
four quadrants, Sections of engine
5. First angle and third angle projection engineering drawing practice.
Part - II
Introduction to computer aided engineering drawing and use of software/package
(AUTOCAD).
2 D & 3 D drawing including solid modeling

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 Text Book and Other Resources

Text Book:

Engineering Drawing by N.D Bhatt

Engineering Drawing by AC Parkinson.

AutoCAD 2016: A Problem-Solving Approach by

Sham Tickoo
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 Grading Policy (Subject to Change)

• Lab Activity & = 30%

Assignments
• Semester Project =10%
• Mid Exam = 20%
• Final Exam = 40%

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 LECTURE OBJECTIVES (Week 1)

• Graphics Language
• Engineering Drawing Definition and Function
• Line Types
• Traditional Drawing Tools
• Drawing standards
• Paper Size
• Letters and Numbers
• Drawing Title Box
 GRAPHICS
LANGUAGE

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology
 Effectiveness of Graphics Language
1. Try to write a description of
this object.

2. Test your written description

by having someone attempt
to make a sketch from your
description.

You can easily understand that …

The word languages are inadequate for describing the
size, shape and features completely as well as
concisely.
 Composition of Graphic Language
Graphic language in “engineering application” use
lines to represent the surfaces, edges and contours
of objects.

The language is known as “drawing” .

 Engineering Drawing

Language
communicates an idea or design
use Lines to represent the surfaces,
edges and contours of objects.
Surface

Edge
Engineering Drawing Applications(Importance)
- Mechanical Engineering
.Detailed drawing of a part that needs to be
machined.
- Electrical Engineering
. A circuit schematic.
- Civil Engineering
. Plans for a bridge.
 Drawing
Drawing Types:
A drawing can be done using freehand, instruments or
computer methods.

A drawing serves as a graphic model or representation of real

object or idea.

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Freehand drawing
The lines are sketched without using instruments other
than pencils and erasers.

Example
Instrument drawing
Instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles, and
curves concisely and accurately. Thus, the drawings are
usually made to scale.

Example
 Computer drawing
The drawings are usually made by commercial software such
as AutoCAD, solid works etc.

Examples
 Typical Engineering Design Cycle
Problem
Identification

Preliminary
Ideas

Design
Refinement

Analysis

Optimization

Documentation
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 Simple CAD/CAE/CAM Product Lifecycle

Design Analysis C Manufacturing

CAD CAE CAM

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology
Engineering
Drawing

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology
 Elements of Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawing are made up of graphics language
and word language.

Graphics
language
Describe a shape
(mainly).

Word
language
Describe size, location and
specification of the object.
 Basic Knowledge for Drafting

Graphics Word
language language

Line Projection Geometric

types method construction Lettering
Line Types and Styles
 Common Line Types
Visible Lines: Represent the outline of the object. Continuous
thick lines.

Hidden Lines: Used to show the hidden part of the drawings.

2mm 1mm
Center Lines: Used to indicate the axes of cylinder, cone etc.

Phantom Lines: Used to indicate an alternate position of a

moving component.

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 Common Line Types (Contd…)
Cutting Plane Lines: Used to show the edges of a
cutting plane.

Dimension Lines: Thin continuous lines. Terminate

with an arrow head.

Dimensions (mm or inch)

Extension Lines: Are continuous lines used in

dimension lines. A gap of about should be maintain
these lines and the visible lines of an object.
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Line Types an Example

1. Visible
2. Hidden
3. Center
 Basic Sketching Line Types

0.7mm Visible Object – Thick

HB Visible Edges and Outlines

2-8mm
Hidden – Thin
1mm 0.3mm Hidden detail for like wall
2H thickness and holes..
3 mm

Center - Thin
15-20mm 3mm centre of a circle, cylindrical
0.3mm
2H features, or a line of symmetry.
1mm
15 mm
 Line Types and Styles
Dimension
Visible Line
and Extension
Line

Hidden Line Cutting Plane

Line

Center Line
Section
Line
Phantom
Line Break Line
Line Types and Styles
Line Types and Styles
Line Types and Styles
Line Types and Styles
Line Types and Styles
 Line Types and Styles
Dimension lines

Phantom lines Path lines Center lines

Visible lines
Dimension lines Center lines

Section lines

Hidden
lines

Break lines
 Sketching Techniques

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 Traditional
Drawing Tools
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology
 Instruments
In order to create a manual engineering drawings
various instrument are used.

They are….

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 Drawing Boards

Size:
1000(mm) x 1500(mm)

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 Compass
• The compass is used to draw
circles and arcs of varying
diameters.

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 Set Squares
• A set square or triangle is an object used in technical drawing,
with the aim of providing a straight edge at a particular point to a
baseline.
• The most simple form of set square is a triangular piece of
transparent plastic.
Drawing
perpendicular lines.

Drawing
parallel lines.

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 T-Square
• T-Square is used for drawing parallel
horizontal lines and also as a base for set
squares, for drawing vertical, inclined or
mutually parallel lines.
• The stock of the T-square moves over the
working edge of the drawing board.
• The working edge of the blade should be Blade
perfectly straight.

Stock Drawing Edge

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 Scales (Ruler)
• The international organization that
established the metric standard is
ISO. The system is called the
International System of Units.

• Mostly use millimeter scale

inch
• Conversion (Inch to mm)
• 1” (1 inch) = 25.4 mm

mm
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French Curves
• They are made mostly of plastic
and come in various shapes.
• French curves are used for
drawing curves which cannot be
drawn with a compass.
• The curves should be drawn with
a single stroke, so that no corners
are formed.
• They are used for drawing many
non-circular curves on graphic
charts and for plotting motion,
forces and engineering graphs.

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 DRAWING TOOLS

1. Adhesive Tape 2. Compass

 DRAWING TOOLS

3. Circle Template 4. Erasing Shield

 Pencils
The following will be used in labs..
1 H 2 H HB

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 DRAWING TOOLS
1. T-Square
2. Set Squares
3. Adhesive Tape
4. Pencils (1H, 2H, HB)
5. Compass (Mechanical)
7. Pencil Eraser
8. Erasing Shield
9. Circle Template
10. Sharpener
11. Protector
 Drawing Sheet Sizes
Drawing Sheet Size Size in mm Size in inches
A0 1189 x 841 46.81 x 33.11
A1 841 x 591 33.11 x 23.39
A2 594 x 420 23.39 x 16.55
A3 420 x 297 16.55 x 11.69
A4 297 x 210 11.69 x 8.27
A5 210 x 148 8.27 x 5.84
A6 148 x 105 5.84 x 4.13

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 Engineering Drawing Rules

Always use a sharp edge pencil.

Make all lettering the same size.

Use engineering paper (A3, A2, A1 etc)

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ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTU
VWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
PQRSTUVWXYZABCDEF
Lettering
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTU
VWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
PQRSTUVWXYZABCDEF
 Text on Drawings
Text on engineering drawing is used :

To communicate monographic information.

As a substitute for graphic information, in those instance
where text can communicate the needed information more
clearly and quickly.

Thus, it must be written with

Legibility - shape
- space between letters and words

Uniformity - size
- line thickness
 Basic Strokes

Straight Slanted Horizontal Curved

Examples : Application of basic stroke

4 5
“I” letter 1 “A” letter 1 2 “B” letter 1

3 6

3
2
 Suggested Strokes Sequence
Upper-case letters & Numerals
Straight line
letters

Curved line
letters

Curved line
letters &
Numerals
Example : Good and Poor Lettering

GOOD

Not uniform in style.

Not uniform in height.

Not uniformly vertical or inclined.

Not uniform in thickness of stroke.

Area between letters not uniform.

Area between words not uniform.

 Sentence Composition
Leave the suitable space between words with respect to the
letters height.

Example

ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN

MILLIMETERS UNLESS
OTHERWISE SPECIFIED.
Title Block Drawing
 Title Box

Name: ABC 8

Reg #: 2009XXX 8

Title : ………………… 8

Date : 19 JAN 2009 8

100

Note: All dimensions are in mm.

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Assignment #1: Lettering Good Old Fashioned Way:
Guidelines:
• Note the letters width to height
ratio is 3/4 (like the "B") to 1 (like
the "A" or the "O"). In some cases,
like the "W", the ratio is actually
greater than 1.

• Also note, the letters are drawn on

horizontal guide lines. The guide
lines used for the figure were
originally 3/16" (the height of the
letters) with 1/16" of space
between each line.

• Spacing between letters should

be consistent and not too tight.
Submit this in your respective labs
next week.
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 Thank you…

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