ME-160

Mechanical Engineering Drawing

Course Teachers:
Dr. Mohammad Nasim Hasan
Musanna Galib
 Course Outcomes:
• Students will be able to understand the theory of
projection. To improve the visualization skills.
• Students will be able to know and understand the
conventions and the methods of engineering drawing.
• By the end of this course, the students will be able to
identify the orthographic views of a given 3D objects
precisely.
• Will be able to predict the isometric view of an object
from the given orthographic views correctly.
• Will also be able to sketch auxiliary and sectional views
of an
Object if needed.

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 Course Syllabus:
• Introduction
• Basic concepts of engineering drawing
• Instruments and their uses
• First and third angle projections
• Orthographic drawings; Principal views, Isometric views;
Missing lines and views; Sectional views ; Auxiliary views.

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 Text book:
• Mechanical Engineering Drawing
-by Dr. Md. Quamrul Islam

Reference books :
• Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing
-by French & Vierck.
• Metric Drafting
– by Paul Wallah.
• Drafting Technology and Practice
– by William P. Spence

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 Class Schedule
1. Introduction: Basic Drawing Practice
2. Orthogonal views of simple block
3. Orthogonal views with circular holes
4. Orthogonal views with fillets and rounds
5. Sectional views
6. Sectional views ( With Ribs and Fillets)
7. Auxiliary views
8. Isometric views
9. Isometric views with circular holes
10.Missing Lines and Missing views.
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 Points to be noted…
• No student will be allowed in the class without
necessary INSTRUMENTS and INSTRUCTION
SHEET.

• There will be a QUIZ EXAM and an ORAL EXAM

during the term time. Marks obtained in these
exams and those in drawing performed in the
classes will be added together to calculate the
final grade.
Attendance Class Viva Final Quiz Total
Performance

10% 40% 10% 40% 100%

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Graphics Language

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Effectiveness of Graphics Language
1. Try to write a description of
this object.

2. Test your written description

by having someone attempt
to make a sketch from your
description.

You can easily understand that …

The word languages are inadequate for describing the

size, shape and features completely as well as
concisely.
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 Composition of Graphic Language

Graphic language in “engineering application” use

lines to represent the surfaces, edges and contours
of objects.

The language is known as “drawing” or “drafting” .

A drawing can be done using freehand, instruments

or computer methods.

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Freehand drawing
The lines are sketched without using instruments other
than pencils and erasers.

Example

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Instrument drawing
Instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles, and
curves concisely and accurately. Thus, the drawings are
usually made to scale.
Example

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Computer drawing
The drawings are usually made by commercial software
such as AutoCAD, solid works etc.

Example

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 Engineering Drawing
Suppose you want the block shown
in the figure for certain
project/thesis. Manufacturer will
want to know the dimensions, hole
no. etc. for building this object.

The end goal of an engineering drawing is to convey all the required

information that will allow a manufacturer to produce that component.
 Elements of Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawing are made up of graphics language
and word language.

Graphics
language
Describe a shape
(mainly).

Word
language
Describe size, location and
specification of the object.
PROJECTION
METHOD
 PROJECTION THEORY

 The projection theory is used to graphically represent

3-D objects on 2-D media (paper, computer screen).

 The projection theory is based on two variables:

1) Line of sight
2) Plane of projection (image plane or picture plane)

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Line of sight is an imaginary ray of light between an
observer’s eye and an object.

There are 2 types of LOS : Parallel and Perspective

Parallel projection Perspective projection

Line of sight
Line of sight

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Plane of projection is an imaginary flat plane which
the image is created.
The image is produced by connecting the points where
the LOS pierce the projection plane.

Parallel projection Perspective projection

Plane of projection Plane of projection

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 Disadvantage of
Perspective Projection

 Perspective projection is not

used by engineer for
manufacturing of parts, because

1) It is difficult to create.
2) It does not reveal exact
shape and size. Width is distorted

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 Orthographic Projection
• PROJECTION SYSTEMS
1. First angle system
 European country

2. Third angle system

 Canada, USA, Japan, Thailand

HP- Horizontal Plane;

VP-Vertical Plane;

PP-Profile plane
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First Angle projection
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Views on Sides of Unfolding Box in First Angle Projection
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Third Angle Projection. Which is Easier?
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Relative Positions of Views on Sides of Unfolding Box in Third Angle
Projection
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 MEANING
Orthographic projection is a parallel projection
technique in which the parallel lines of sight are
perpendicular to the projection plane.
# The best way to understand
orthographic projection is to
imagine an object contained
inside a glass box.

# Each wall represents a

projection plane onto which a
two- dimensional object view
will be created.

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Start by focusing only on the Projection lines are used to
front projection plane. project each corner outward
A person standing in front of the until they reach the projection
object would see only the five plane.
corners identified in black.

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The visible edges of the object are then identified on the
projection plane by connecting the projected corners
with object lines.

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TOP VIEW

Notes:
1. Front view is always
central
2. Top view goes above
3. R.Side view goes to the
RIGHT HAND right
FRONT VIEW
SIDE VIEW
4. L.Side view goes to the left.

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 Multiview Drawing
Advantage It represents accurate shape and size.

Disadvantage Require practice in writing and reading.

Hidden lines show details that are not seen in all views
Hidden
Line

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Isometric Drawing
Advantage Easy to understand

Disadvantage Shape and angle distortion

Example Distortions of shape and size in isometric drawing

Circular hole
becomes ellipse.

Right angle becomes obtuse

angle.
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Traditional Drawing Instruments…
 Drawing board/table.
 Drawing sheet/paper.
 Drafting tape.
 Pencils.
 Eraser.
 Sharpener.
 T-square.
 Set-squares/triangles.
 Scales.
 Compass and divider.
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Drawing board

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Drawing table

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 Drawing sheet/paper
• 216 X 280 mm
• 280 X 382 mm
• 382 X 560 mm
• 585 X 726 mm

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Drafting tape T-square

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Some Techniques for Drawing

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Set-squares/triangles

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Compass and divider

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Drawing Standard
 Introduction
Standards are set of rules that govern how technical
drawings are represented.

Drawing standards are used so that drawings convey

the same meaning to everyone who reads them.

Standard Code

ISO International Standards Organization

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 Drawing Scales
Length, size
Scale is the ratio of the linear dimension of an element
of an object shown in the drawing to the real linear
dimension of the same element of the object.
Size in drawing Actual size

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 Meaning of Lines
Visible lines represent features that can be seen in the
current view
Hidden lines represent features that can not be seen in
the current view

Center line represents symmetry, path of motion, centers

of circles, axis of axisymmetrical parts

Dimension and Extension lines indicate the sizes and

location of features on a drawing

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Thickness: 100 %

Thickness: 50 %

Thickness: 50 %

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 Thickness: 25 %

Thickness: 125 %

N.B.: All Percentages are with respect to the object line

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Dimensioning

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Dimensioning Guidelines
1. Dimension and
extension lines must be
either horizontal or
vertical.
2. No dimension/extension
line can cross over
another
dimension/extension
line.
3. There must be one
arrowhead at each end
of dimension line.
4. The thickness of both
extension and dimension
line is 25%.
5. No dimensioning is
allowed inside the
object. 47
Important elements of dimensioning
Two types of dimensioning: (1) Size and location
dimensions and (2) Detail dimensioning

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 CIRCULAR DIMENSIONING

The arrowhead must touch the circle whose dimension is being shown. 49
Dimensioning of Circles

Dimensioning of Angles 50
 Grouping Dimensions
• Dimensions should always be placed outside
the part

Yes No

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Where and how should we place dimensions
when we have many dimensions? (cont.)

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Repetitive Features

Use the Symbol ‘x’ to

Dimension Repetitive
Features
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 WHERE TO DRAW A LINE?

Front View R.H.S View

Red Line is due to the Each segment of green

intersection of two red line is due to the
planes shown in the intersection of blue
isometric view. plane and green planes
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WHERE TO DRAW A LINE?

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WHERE TO DRAW A LINE?

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How to Start Drawing???

Front View 57
How to Start Drawing???

Its Done. Simple, right???

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 Sectional views

Section After Cutting and Removal of Front Portion

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Symbols for Section Lining 60
SOME COMMON MISTAKES

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Persist until
Succeed!

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