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Computer graphics

Computer graphics

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alirazaashiqhussain4
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8 views

Computer graphics

Computer graphics

Uploaded by

alirazaashiqhussain4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Group Introduction

Kashif Ali
FA21-BCS-106
M.Ikram
FA21-BCS-099
M.Waseem
FA20-BCS-090
Abdul Manan
FA21-BCS-002
PROJECTION
Introduction
PROJECTION:

In computer graphics, projection is the process of mapping 3D


points from a three-dimensional space onto a two-dimensional
plane, such as a computer screen or paper.
Why Use Projection in
Computer Graphics?
1. To Show 3D Objects on Screens: Projection helps us display 3D
objects on 2D surfaces like computer screens or paper.

2. For Designing and Drawing: Engineers, architects, and designers


use projection to create 2D blueprints of 3D objects.

3. For Easier Understanding: It simplifies complex 3D shapes so they


can be studied or understood in 2D.

4. To Save Time in Computation: Projection reduces the amount of


processing needed to show 3D scenes in 2D.
Why Use Projection in
Computer Graphics?
5. To Improve Games and Movies: Projection brings 3D environments to
life on flat screens, making games and animations more engaging.

6. For Multi-Angle Views: It helps display different sides (top, side, front)
of an object for clear understanding.

7. To Help with Simulations: Scientists and researchers use projection to


visualize things like weather patterns or medical images.

8. To Teach and Learn: Teachers use projection to explain 3D shapes in


geometry, physics, or art in a simpler way.
Type of Projection:

Parallel Projection Perspective Projection


Parallel Projection:
Define:
Projects points from a 3D object along parallel lines onto
the 2D viewing plane.
Types of Parallel Projection:
Two Types of parallel Projection:
Orthographic Projection
Oblique Projection
Types of Parallel Projection

 Orthographics:
In orthographic projection the direction of
projection is normal to the projection of the plane. In
orthographic lines are parallel to each other making an angle
90 with view plane.
Types of Parallel Projection
 Oblique Projections:

Oblique projections are obtained by


projectors along parallel lines that are not perpendicular to
the projection plane.
Subtypes of Oblique Projections:

Further Two General Types of Oblique projection:


Cavalier Projections:
 Cabinet Projections:
Subtypes of Oblique Projections:

 Cavalier Projections:
All lines perpendicular to the projection plane are projected
with no change in length. If the projected line making an
angle 45 degrees with the projected plane, as a result the line
of the object length will not change.
Subtypes of Oblique Projections:

Cabinet Projections:
All lines perpendicular to the projection plane are projected
to one half of their length. These gives a realistic appearance
of object. It makes 63.4 degrees angle with the projection
plane. Here lines perpendicular to the viewing surface are
projected at half their actual length.
Subtypes of Orthographic
Projections:

Further three General Types of Orthographic projection:


 Isometric Projections
 Dimetric projections
Trimetric projections
More Detail of Orthographic
Projections:
Isometric Projections: Orthographic projections that show
more than one side of an object are called axonometric
orthographic projections.
Dimetric projections: In these two projectors have equal
angles with respect to two principal axis.
Trimetric projections: The direction of projection makes
unequal angle with their principal axis.
Perspective
Projection
Definition:
Perspective projection is a type of projection used in
computer graphics to represent 3D objects on a 2D plane (like a
computer screen) in a way that mimics how the human eye
perceives the real world
Perspective
Projection

Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 3E © Ad


Perspective Projection
Projectors coverge at center of projection

Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 3E © Ad


Vanishing Points
Parallel lines (not parallel to the projection plan) on
the object converge at a single point in the projection
(the vanishing point)
Drawing simple perspectives by hand uses these
vanishing point(s)

vanishing point

Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 3E © Ad


Characterstics:
It is characterized by the following key principles:
 Vanishing Point
 Foreshortening
 Horizontal Lines
 Converging Lines
Types of Perspective
Projection

One-Point Two-Point Three-Point

Single vanishing point, Two vanishing points, Three vanishing


straight-on view. ideal for corner views. points, high or low
viewpoints.
One Point Perspective Pojection
This perspective projection occur when the projection plan intersect to
one of the Principle axis(x,y or z)
Two Point Perspective Pojection
Two point perspective projection occurs when projection plane
intersects two of principal axis.
Three Point Perspective Pojection
Three point perspective projection occurs when all three axis intersects
with projection plane. There is no any principal axis which is parallel to
projection plane.
Applications of
Projection
Projections have diverse applications across multiple domains:
Graphics & Visualization: Converting 3D models to 2D for video games,
CAD, and virtual reality.
Mapping & GIS: Creating flat maps from Earth's spherical surface (e.g.,
Mercator projection).
Data Science: Dimensionality reduction in PCA for large datasets.
Engineering & Architecture: Orthographic projections in technical
drawings.
Astronomy: Mapping celestial objects onto flat planes.
Physics & Optics: Light projection in lenses and optical instruments.
Machine Learning: Feature projection for algorithm optimization.

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