DESIGN OF A WIRELESS MEDICAL MONITORING SYSTEM

THIS PAPER APPEARS IN:

Computer and Management (CAMAN), 2011 International Conference on

ABSTRACT
Modern wireless communication consists mainly some technologies that provide solutions to the wireless data transmission network, such as: GSM, CDMA, 3G, Wi-Fi these solutions make network work with high efficiency and good quality, but still with high cost. So it was difficulty in popularizing in with low cost and at the circumstance of infrastureless or infrastructure destruction.

In recent years, with the miniaturization of biomedical sensors, the fast development and popularization of information processing and wireless data transmission technology, the research of wireless Medical Monitoring System has became a hot topic. By utilizing the wireless technique to transmit information between medical sensor and monitoring control center, the free space of patients is enlarged, and the efficiency of the modern management of hospitals is improved. Besides, the problem of the lack of unremitted real-time care for every patient, which is caused by the shortage of health care members, is also solved. Therefore, the portable wireless medical monitoring products will become popular in the future market Nowadays, there are various kinds of wireless communication protocols. But since the main task of a monitoring terminal is to realize the transmission of signals such as heart rate, body temperature, and calling signals---the data traffic is not heavy. Moreover, because the monitoring terminal is worn on patients, which needs to be supplied by battery, it puts a high demand on the reducing of power dissipation of wireless transmission module. Having taken these comprehensive factors into consideration, this paper chooses the ZigBee technology as the

wireless communication protocol.

INTRODUCTION:
In field modern wireless communication, GSM, CDMA, 3G, and Wi-Fi become the mainstream solution of wireless data transmission network because of their high speed and reliable quality. They also have the shortcomings of high cost, so wider application would cause a great waste of resources, and they cannot be promoted in small regional, low speed data communications. Multi-point short-range wireless data collection and transmission network will be the best solution. Short-range wireless communication can adopt different network technologies, such as Bluetooth, IEEE802.11, and Home RF, Infrared. Compared with long-distance wireless communication network.

This paper presents the design proposal of hardware and software of information terminal (a machine) and wireless receiver module of multi-point short-range wireless data collection and transmission network, which provides a low-powered and highperformance wireless data communication system, works in the ISMIndustrial Scientific Medical)Band. The main technology is the ZIGBEE technology which is the 2.4GHz, IEEE 802.15.4-compliant transceiver for developing our application.

ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY:
The ZigBee Alliance is a group of companies that maintain and publish the ZigBee standard. The term ZigBee is a registered trademark of this group, not a single technical standard. The Alliance publishes application profiles that allow

multiple OEM vendors to create interoperable products. ZigBee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh network standard. The low cost allows the technology to be widely deployed in wireless control and monitoring applications. Low power-usage allows longer life with smaller batteries. Mesh networking provides high reliability and more extensive range. The technology is intended to be simpler and less expensive than other WPANs such as Bluetooth.

ZigBee chip vendors typically sell integrated radios and microcontrollers with between 60 KB and 256 KB flash memory. ZigBee operates in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands; 868 MHz in Europe, 915 MHz in the USA and Australia, and 2.4 GHz in most jurisdictions worldwide. Data transmission rates vary from 20 to 250 kilobits/second. The ZigBee network layer natively supports both star and tree typical networks, and generic mesh networks. Every network must have one coordinator device, tasked with its creation, the control of its parameters and basic maintenance. Within star networks, the coordinator must be the central node. Both trees and meshes allow the use of ZigBee routers to extend communication at the network level. There are three different types of ZigBee devices:

ZIGBEE COORDINATOR (ZC): The most capable device, the coordinator forms the root of the network tree and might bridge to other networks. There is exactly one ZigBee coordinator in each network since it is the device that started the network originally. It is able to store information about the network, including acting as the Trust Center & repository for security keys. ZIGBEE ROUTER (ZR): As well as running an application function, a router can act as an intermediate router, passing on data from other devices.

ZIGBEE END DEVICE (ZED): Contains just enough functionality to talk to the parent node (either the coordinator or a router); it cannot relay data from other devices. This relationship allows the node to be asleep a significant amount of the time thereby giving long battery life. A ZED requires the least amount of memory, and therefore can be less expensive to manufacture than a ZR or ZC.

2.4GHZ, IEEE 802.15.4 TRANSCEIVER (SINGLE CHIP EM250) :

The EM250 is a single-chip solution that integrates a 2.4GHz, IEEE 802.15.4compliant transceiver with a 16-bit XAP2b microprocessor. It contains integrated Flash and RAM memory and peripherals of use to designers of ZigBee-based applications. To maintain the strict timing requirements imposed by ZigBee and the IEEE 802.15.4-2003 standard, the EM250 integrates a number of MAC functions

into the hardware. The MAC hardware handles automatic ACK transmission and reception, automatic back off delay, and clear channel assessment for transmission, as well as automatic filtering of received packets. In addition, the EM250 allows for true MAC level debugging by integrating the Packet Trace Interface .

EMBEDDED MICROPROCESSOR(LPC 2148): The LPC2148 microcontrollers are based on a 16-bit/32-bit ARM7TDMIS CPU with real-time emulation and embedded trace support, KEY FEATURES: Up to 512 kB flash . USB 2.0 full-speed device. 10-bit ADC and DAC Low power Real-Time Clock (RTC) with independent power and 32 kHz clock input. In-System Programming/In-Application Programming (ISP/IAP) via on-chip boot loader 60 MHz maximum CPU clock available from programmable on-chip PLL with settling Time of 100 us. Multiple serial interfaces including two UARTs (16C550), two Fast I2C-bus (400 Kbit/s) 60 MHz maximum CPU clock available from programmable on-chip PLL with settling Time of 100 us. On-chip integrated oscillator operates with an external crystal from 1 MHz to 25 MHz Power saving modes include Idle and Power-down. CPU operating voltage range of 3.0 V to 3.6 V (3.3 V 10 %) with 5 V tolerant I/O Pads.

PROJECT BRIEF DESCRIPTION:

This paper provides the design of a Medical Monitoring Terminal use EMBEDDED CONTROLLER and Zigbee technology (EM250 Single-Chip ZigBee which is of 2.4GHz, IEEE 802.15.4-compliant transceiver). The Monitoring Terminal can detect the patients real-time body TEMPERATURE, HEART RATE and transmit them to the control center. The core of wireless medical monitoring system is the design of wireless monitoring terminal, and the development of system software. The monitoring terminal generally consists of three modules the sensor module, the control module, and the wireless communication module. The sensor module is used for acquiring medical information from the outside, and then converts them to digital signals. The control module is which is in charge of coordinating the task of different modules, controlling the sensors, processing data, and executing communication protocols. The wireless communication module mainly deals with the wireless transmission of information.

BLOCK DESIGN PROPOSAL FOR THE SYSTEM

ZIG-BEE

PERSONAL COMPUTER

MONITORING UNIT FOR PATIENTS

DATA FROM THE PATIENT

EMBEDDED CONTROLLER
HEART BEAT SENSOR

ZIG-BEE ADC
TEMP SENSOR

PATIENT SYSTEM

HARDWARE

REQUIREMENT

FOR

IMPLEMENTATION

OF

THE

FUNCTION MODULE
ARM LPC 2148(2 nos). ZIG BEE MODULES (3 nos). LCD MODULE. IBM STANDARD KEYBOARD (2 nos). POWER SUPPLY UNIT(2 nos).. MAX 232 IC. MISCELLINOIUS COMPONENTS.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT FUNCTION MODULE TOOL:

FOR

IMPLEMENTATION

OF

THE

The KEIL MDK-ARM is a complete software development environment for ARM7 (LPC 2148) and ARM9 processor-based devices. Flash the device using FLASH MAGIC, a free software utility sponsored by NXP.

LANGUAGE:
All editions provide a complete Embedded C/C++ development environment and KEIL MDK-ARM includes extensive middleware libraries.

PLATFORM:
WINDOWS XP.

CONCLUSION
Tests find that this system can successfully set up the Zigbee star network. The monitoring terminal can precisely check the heart rate and body temperature of patients, and send them to coordinator and then surveillance center through wireless network. The error of the monitored body temperature, heart rate, and other information is very slight, which satisfies practical usage, and meets the demand of the design. By extending other sensor module, it could realize the monitoring of more psychological parameters and reliable transmission. Since this system only realized the detecting and transmission of heart rate and body temperature, and the detection accuracy is not enough. The next step focuses on how to improve the detection accuracy, how to realize more reliable transmission of data, and extend more sensor module, so as to conduct further research on the monitoring of more psychological parameters. At the same time, due to the limitation of the master chip, the power dissipation of routers and terminal device is not low enough. More work should be done concerning this aspect to further reduce the power dissipation and lower the cost.

REFERENCE
WWW.KEIL.COM WWW.ALLDATASHEETS.COM WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM WWW.HOWSTUFFWORKS.COM WWW.FLASHMAGICTOOL.COM WWW.GOOGLE.COM WWW.DIGI.COM