Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                

Master 2005 Mamadouh Salem.

Download as pdf
Download as pdf
You are on page 1of 28

&''( % $ " # !

!
. ( )* '+, - ) (" % &'" # $

– –
dr_mamdouh2005@hotmail.com

# $ % &! '( ) * " !


+ , + + - ". , / 0 1"0 2#
0 . . , 3 34 5 16. 3 7
+! . 8 2# 9, ' 0 . 0 1"0
.
+! $ # ) " 8 ; 2
+ % < += ! ' 0 " !) " 9, ' 0 8 < =
. – ) " @AAB ? 27 > – " >
( Wilcoxon ) , . C 86 1 $ C -" ; $ 5 , , %
. 0 $ # !2 7 F"

+++ ! $ : + $ 969 * $ +! + 3
$+ – ( +# 6 +3 7 ) ++ - H % ++ $+ – ( + . )
.( I ) +++

1 "+ 0 + 2# !$ 0 ) ! )- " 3
. - ". JK , / ;

"+ C + + 1 !$ C ; 1"; :
. 1 !, – ! 0 2# – )
:
&'$ % #! ! " :
% (/ 0 1) , - , () ' * + ( $
. 4556 - / 3 ,-

-*-
&''( % $ " # !

: (
, ( ! " L / " , " L
1 ! 0 # 16. , 9 - 9 ' M % %
. ! !; & 7 , 8 ', 9 13, 0 "%
1- + L+ + '8 L . 0 N! 1- 7 1
+ +L 1+9 L 16. , 1 " O "% 1"0
"+ 35 " Video Conference " , * Q 0 L " internet " 0
( 9::; - ' 8 ) , R
"+ 30 S $ S 94 ,% M ! 8L0
N! 5 # " . *" *"
,+ + = O" ' N! . % !
- <(, #( = 8 )M . 1 * M 1 , I 3 4L , N
. ( 9::>
, , T , - ".5 , ! % - % 8
+ * + $ + , ' L * N 1"0
* ? ! ' @AAU N! % N I N! 0 L 1. ;
1+ N+ , * 3 ' 0 L . 0 2
$6+7 ( ) V W 3 < ?* N ". * .
/< ? ) * . S3 N! -6 ? L N! , * ' L 16. ,
. ( 9::: -
0 = "Deryn, David,1995 : * , " T
+ 1 "+ N+! 3 , ! N 1"* 1.
. $67 0 94 I $ ,

+ - ".% ,% " 4- 455A -@ =8 " L ,4L !


> $ !, ?6 5 0 ,=, ' 1
+ 9 ' . V
. ! * 0 ' L I % 0"0

L . 0 7 7. = " 4559 - " + %


+ + % ' 7- * < = ! ! 0

-&-
&''( % $ " # !

# < = ! / .5 7- , R L , 1 & =
. # , / L " X. " , !< S &* '
+ ,% ' + # 8+ " %, / L " ,% ! L
+ + I ,% , L S 1 L / 1 4 0
.Y Y 3! M 19 ' * * 0 &

+ +!5 ! ,% "Cornish & Manahan,1996: , 'Z " L


1 N 1"0 1 N! *% 7 N! R 1 7
+ L ,5 M ,% NF [ = % X". 0 N!
. 0 Q \ 95 X * , , O

+! T " < ! 8 , 1? " ,


+ +L < 9 2# % T @AA] '@AAU
+ Q6+7; - , ,9 ,= 1 ! "".
"( B ) 1 ! 9 8 2# ' ) %
. ( 4559 - & 8 3<

1 " 1- , 0 16. * 0 1"0


+ + 3 + ; $ 19 " , ! ' * . " ,
N+! $+7 . , .H S L 1"0 ! =; S3
=%" I * * " " " %N " %N $7 . 7 * #
7 +L , + + + ! 1 " 0 X .L5 S 7 L R 1"0 !
N " %N ; . M * 3 N! =

L ++ - O6 + 4 I M . 1 . N! S N4
++L + 0 + ? 0 0 . , ++" N!
, -+ &+ 7 ,9 Y ! +++ + 1. + +
&( )+ 1+. M+* # + +* % O+ = + +
.( 4554- ? <

% * . #! ! ? 7 ? <L 1
+ + L+ ? 7. 7 !1 & 2 'S #
8 L0 ' L < L Y= % ' ( @AAB' ? ) 1 I

-B-
&''( % $ " # !

) L 1 1. 1 0 L % L !
. ( 4554 -

%[ + +! ,% 7 ) " [ = , ,
7 S * !,= 5 S 0 , .4 ' #
+ )++ 7 +7. M+ , # $ ++ % ,W! ' ? !
) " ! $ 5 , # $ % . ' 7
"+ .+ # 7 7. 1 ! # $ %Q ,% 1 , '
2 + 5 &+ + <6 + 9 % . 1 " 0 1- 8 !
. ( 9::E - & - 3< C D ) L

/ + W 1"+ + 1+ S , & # #^ $ %
+! , M " . L 1 V F 2 % 6L
I + + # "+ ! < * M* # , ( 9::> - F G ! 8)
! 2 $

+ ; System Approach #_ + $ % N M ! 8
= > 5 ' * S NL '( $ )
1+ +! + * # ; L N ; 1"0 N $ N!
. @AAB ? 27 >

:H 0
'N + 7 ? *# . 16. , & V < = N!
Q L+ + ? L 7- $ ? Y 1 M 3
! 1 . ! =0 ' 8 S ,
7- + 1+ 1 I , 3 ? < = !
. 0< 5 ! "3 , ' - ".% < % # 6 L
< W 3 ' ! 6. , * N ; 1"0 2# ; L
I + , + ,+ - ".% , " UK " 3 !L
' + % L+ $+ 2 3 ' JKKa/JKKJ 16. ! #!
+!; , 1 + 3 8 'M , 1 !

-H-
&''( % $ " # !

+ ! L 8 . 16. 0 1"0 ; L
.
+ ; L+ +!; , 1 + $ 5 ? % , ,% 0 #% 3
, 8 ! + ' ! *# N ; 1"0
+ !% S % 3 ' 23 ! *# * ; / .5 , '
+ 4 ' > . 13 ; " 67 0
+ NH $ L 7 $ I !M L 16.
O+= 2 += # 0 '" JKKb/JKKa JKKK/ @AAA " , * ! !
+ ' ; L 16. * N ; 1"0 , $67 , ! 19
,+ + + - ".% , L $F 2 < ; ,
. ! *# N ; 1"0
- D D ), 1 ,4L ! # ,
+ M% 8 )- L% ( 455J- 8 I 455A- < '8 I9::5
0 M+ % 0 ' .+ . ! 0 L %, R
+ -0 ! 0 ' 0 L ! X". S !
+ + # 7 M% / ' 0 L X.
+! 6 L+ ! =; ' H $ L = , = Y F" Y =
. ?6 ? ; !X S ' 7. & 7

+ + ; ,+ R + M % (9::: - - ' )
1 N! * 0 %0 ' ; L 1"0 3 N .
1"; , , X S 3 ' N
+ 4 , - V 8 ' N! * # 6. *
3 6L , ,% (455A -@ =8 )2 = ' N! .
0+ +! + "". L <* ! " ? M
.1 !1L ? . 2# 7. ! =; '

K( ) + 1 ! T , " < 3
I 4559 - ? ( L( K I 4555 - M K I 9::>-@ L
+T ( 455J - N K I 455J - = K

-(-
&''( % $ " # !

2# ' 1 ! , "". , $ $ %
. ! 9

% L , OP3 C D - &G ?
( $ (0 #( ! ( 3Q H 0- < %, * /<%, ? / <
((8* (( * F -& & (0 %G P N &'N %
P(3 , )' , L ( C ( OP(3
. &,

:H NK
:N I- 1T N! N L & < = N!
L) ' + L $ L & (' N % #!
R ,
: 0T I- 1T , Q *
c - ".5 ?6 0 1"0 C@
cN ; N 1"0 2# ?6 0 CJ
N 1 +" 0 2# #_ $ % &! d $ ) ( " Ca
c - ".% , / N ;
+ / ; 1"0 2# !) ! Cb
c - ".% ,
: N 2 :H # 3 CB
. - ".5 ?6 0 1"0 - 3 & L C@
/ N ; N 1"0 2# 1 ! * 0 CJ
. N- ".%
< + 9% + N- ".% $ 2 # $ % -3 ) < Ca
0 L . 16. * 0 1"0 2# .
.( – – ! ) $ !) & 7 !2 Cb

: ! :H 3
N+ ; N 1"0 2# - ".% $ ) •
. ; L

-M-
&''( % $ " # !

&+ + !, - V / .5 )- S N )- * 3 •
. * . 1 * 1- 4 0 L2#
- "+.% W ) 7 , - ( ) * 3 •
! *# L 1 & ! ". ' 7 ? '
.

:H
,+ + 3 JKKJ + . N- ". , " 3 C@
. +! I ! 7 ,
0 1"0 , ; ( ) < " 3 CJ
3 7 N! , % , ' 0 L . 16.
. 0
" ' ' ! " $ ( ) !I 3 Ca

. 16. , ' System Approach # $ % . :H (%


' ?+ 27 + > + .+ )I " !M 7 > %
Instructional System " " > % !2 '(@AAB
$+ 7 ( ) < !8 (@AAA' S / e @AAB' ? ) Design
', X- ". ' 9 5 , ! ) . 8
. 0 - S3 'M 0 1"0 2# 1
. * I 3 !N ) . , N!

, ' ! - ".% , - L ) & 7 :H 8


. 0 37 & 7 N ) & ; ! R %

:H S
. ! $ ! !( ) 0 C@
+! + 7 , K,KB / -" 0 & ! CJ
N+ 1 "+ 0 + +! ! 1" .0 / & 7 & 7
.N ;

-N-
&''( % $ " # !

+! + 7 , K,KB / -" 0 & ! Ca


N+ 1 "+ 0 + + < 5 +# 6 37 / & 7 & 7
.N ;
+! + 7 , K,KB / -" 0 & ! Cb
.N ; N 1"0 0 I / & 7

: , '

7 $ " , 'M F 7= 7. < ;


+! 1+9 9'Y 3Y 7 %& 7 / '
1 "+ < 5 ! F I 3 9' g / & 7 9'$ ) & 7
+ + - "+.% $ + ) " ( @ ) 1 L O= ' 0
.N 0 1"0 2#

+ = , , =

" . " .
- ".% $ ) & 7
# 6 37 1"0 2# # 6 37
" 0
I I

.H , ' ( 9 )&0

:H
N- "+.5 + ?6 + 0 L * 0 1"0 2 C@
( , ) . , "". < . # ,
+ $ + , 1 N- ".5 0 3 7 CJ
( , ) . 0 L 0 1"0 2#
( , ) .( $ ) , ! $ " . Ca
( , ) . 0 N 1"0 N < 5 # 6 3 7 Cb
( , ) . !N ; 1"0 2# I CB

-R-
&''( % $ " # !

:H ='
: Training Program : T9

+ ! ! + "+ 7. " M 4 ) (9::6 -" ,)


2 5 –, %, X- ". C 2 5) - "
"+ $ + 7L – I – / – %
.( – . –

+! #_ $ % &! # 7L 5 < ; , 7. " M 4 H F U


+ 1 L+ '" , ' L3 < " F" , "
! *# N ; 1"0 N $ 8 ' ) 5
."

Skill : / (% T4
0 "+ 0 + # % ,+ * ; S 1 ! MR " 4 H 3
." . *# * ' 0 L 0

: System Approach : !V " TA

1 = N * ! , , 7. "
. ( 9::6- <, ) " 2 % % 2 & ' # 0

2 + % &+ ,= Y 1 * T? % 1 # 7"FQ H O
"M %, = / #

: Utilization : # (! (( CB

+ 0 +L * ; 1"; . ; * " 7 7.
." , 2 Y0 ! Y .

: Electronic Instructional Communication : $ & ' N Ch

+L .+ 16+. * . 1 1 7 7. < ;
+! $ ; ' * . 23 < 9; * *# ' 0
. 23 ! . !, ? * 7 - 5

-S-
&''( % $ " # !

:H C ,*
1+ +! $ 7 5 1 :N
1"0 - " . *" +L 1 ! ' *"
' + # " -M 3 'M* # 'M . 'M3 ' 0
. 7 $ # " ?6 < ; I 5
> + + .; + + # " > V :W
+ 3 –> % . ' ?6 $ # " +-6
.( ) < ! M 7. & 7 ( @AAB' ? 27 )> .
/ + ; 1 +" 0 2# $ + # " :W
C: 1 Y 8

: D -& .. X
,+ + ! 0 1"0 2# $ * + 0 C
: 16.
+ ?6 0 L ; 1"; %2 , °
. , "". < . # , !5
1 "+ 0 + 1 + !5 ; 37 °
.1 , < . , < 8 ' ;
.$ = * ; < = !) 2 5 C
. " S3 C

: 7. = ' ..
. $ ) 2 5 R " C
.$ ) / " C
– # 6 3 7 CY " Y . )I % L 'S .; < C
.( \ Y
., S 7 . . C
. 7- . C
. $ 7 7- ( / ) " C
.$ " 5 " C

- *' -
&''( % $ " # !

JKKB/@/ @B , * 16. * 3 '$ ) * S= C


. JKKB/J/@K

: ! Y $ ..
+ +! + . 7- 1 " C
: , % 16. , ' "
. 7- , O" ! C
.) 2 %& / $ 7- > C

: 7. = ..
$ Y ", M 6 , 4 ) 7= : ) –9
,+ + + 67 0 $ 9', < . M= -
. ?6 6 1 ,
&+! ' ++ - M+ " !) $ : )% –4
: 7.
: 16. , $ 0 C
.) * & 7 ?6 ! 1 " o
" * ?6 ( ? 5 ) ; ! o
+7 ?+ L+ + 7- + 1 ) #
. !
: 7. < = ! ( ) & 7 C
I+ '< 5 # 6 37 ' " .0 ) 3Y 7 I %& 7 o
.( 0
. ) * o
.Y Y 7 I %& 7 o
$ 9'( 0 C < 5 – 1" ) F !) !$ :[ (
+ +! + $ !Y * ) 0 , 1 1 !
.
. . -" ; $ 5 < = ! )- * C: [
. )- S3 , " C: W

- ** -
&''( % $ " # !

:H )
& '( N % " : F' - NK ? & X &K = ) S 8 T9
c , )' X <G $

?6 ; 1"0 -3 1" 1T , ; "


& 7 ) ! , "". < . 13 , " <
. ! Bb = ' - U1L 'I

(, N ( " : F'( - NK ? &K = ) S 8 T4


"R , )' + $ &'N % #! &,

+ ' 0 1 16. , M ;
) # < !1 , 9 7. !8 ' 0
+ + , ] < ; * '(
+ $ + d , % Y ? % 37 3_
. % ( % ]B) + 3_

' " : F' - NK ? H &K = ) S 8 TA


L( $ L( & (' N % #! <G !V " U "
"R , )' X

> + 7. Y ' #_ $ % &! N ) W 1T , ;


+ + +" ! ) < ') < ! ( @AAB ) ? 27
. 1 3 0 .) ,= '( 0 ) F"
.$

, )' ? P3 ":M &K = ) S 8 .b


R $ &'N % #! ?

$+ + + - "+ ; $ + 5 , , + % . ) + ! $+ "
+ Wilcoxan , + + . ' 86 + 1 $ ' F"
( 9::5 - 0 < I 9:>6 - " B < ) F"

- *& -
&''( % $ " # !

, -" ; $ 5 . ) !, 4
1 ) 0 , 1 1 !$ 16. , 8 ' $ 13 ,
1 ) * $ 9' ' ' ! $ !

.( , - % - ) " , & & " : WN


: 8 +P H S ? & X S NT
2# - ".% , ! !( ) 0 "
: " 0 1"0
:&' N / < L N ? & & " : (9T9)
+ , + $ + $ ' 86 1 $ .
$ + )- + O+= + 1 + ' 1 1 X. / / .0
1 + 1 ". 3 * $ $ ! 0 7
.N ) 0 ,
& " N = ]D (9)& ,
' N N

+ N N
% ^
" "
! G

! 2 0 7 2 0 7 ?
" M^
G / / &

@,J] @U @b,J aJ @,aA JA,J @,U @B 1 5


@,aJ @b @K,h JB @,hU J@,h @,B @@ 9
@,bJ @] @b,] aK @,B@ Jh,] @,a @J JK 9
@,Ba @b,b @@,U JK @,@h @U,a K,A B,h S
@,hB @U @U,] J] @,hb J],] @ @@ I .

+! ' ( @,J]) 1 5 1 !, 1 $ ,% O= (@) 1 ,


(@,Ba) !S 1 ! '( @,bJ) 9 1 ! ' ( @,aJ ) 9 1
86+ + , + % ' (@,hB ) I+ . 1 ! F
N ? Q . ! , 0 ! O= , ' ( @,J)
F"+ ( Wilcoxon ) ? . ' " ,
- "+ ; + 0 + . 1=!% , .0 '& * 0 $ 7
1+ 1+ + I < * , % AB,B / 10 0 ! M < * ,% 6

- *B -
&''( % $ " # !

( 4554 - ) , .0 j! . ' I = !
> .+ 1+ '? 1 FL - S "; ( SPSS ) - " ; ? .
0 / , 7 ! .0 )- " Z"+ ! ' )-
: 1
? "z" ^ " = (4)& ,
N ' G + ? = 8
" _ , " =
! G z ^ ? & ^

a,Aah J@K K,KK @K,BK K,KK 1 5


a,ABA J@K K,KK @K,BK K,KK 9
a,AbB J@K K,KK @K,BK K,KK JK 9
a,AhK J@K K,KK @K,BK K,KK S
a,ABb J@K K,KK @K,BK K,KK I .

, 13% < "z"+ ,% # 6 ( J )1 ,


$+ +! ) + 0 ! 8 T ! . , ! 7 0 " K,KB " 0 /
, ,% ', . . 0Y! & * 0 ?6 7 L ,% !
. , 13% $

C X N( ( B ( L N ? & & " : (4T9)


+ ++# 6 ++3 7 & 7 )++- ' 86+ 1 $+ + .
: 1

N = ]D ( A )& ,
! G ^= N & "
= = % + = =
^
! G

" " ! 2 0 7 2 0 7 ?
" &
M^ @ / /
@,JK K,aUU K,]Ja Ub J,]B h],KK b,@K bK,KB 1 5
@,JK K,a]a K,]@A aK J,]a JU,KK @,aJ @B,AB 9
@,Ja K,b@B K,]@h @bJ K,U@ @JA,B B,B@ hA,]B JK 9
@,aB K,BKh K,]bU ]] @,BK UA,B b,hK aB,b S
@,b@ K,BJA K,]]U Jbb a,JK Jhh,B h,a@ A],BB I .

- *H -
&''( % $ " # !

+# 6 +3 7 / & 7 7 3 ,% O+= ( a ) 1 ,
< < g 1 $ $ ,% ' & 7 7 3, % 0
1+ $ + j! ' ( @,b@ ' @,aB ' @,Ja ' @,JK ' @,JK ) : $
' I+ . S+ ! ?+ ' +9 + 9 1 5 1 ! ( @,J ) 86
2 ++ % &+ +! N++ )+ 0 , 1 ++ 1 + ! 1+
( Wilcoxon ) , + + . .+ . < 5 0 ? , ) +
0 ! # 6 )- " Z " + !' 7 F"
: 1 )
"z" ^ " = (J)& ,
N + % C X + ? = 8?
" _ , " =
! G z ^ ? & ^

a,AJU J@K K,KK @K,BK K,KK 1 5


a,Aaa J@K K,KK @K,BK K,KK 9
a,AJU J@K K,KK @K,BK K,KK JK 9
a,AJh J@K K,KK @K,BK K,KK S
a,AJa J@K K,KK @K,BK K,KK I .

/ + , 13% < "z"+ ,% # 6 ( b ) 1 ,


./ $ !) 0 !M T . , ! 7 0 " K,KB " 0

:& '( N (% ( H( 8 3, B & & " : (AT9)


I+ , , & * 0 $ ( Wilcoxon ) , . & 7
1 ' , ! 7 0 K,KB / & ! ' & 7 13 0
. . 0 0 "z"+ O=
? "z" ^ " = (6)& ,
& & 3,N @ + ? = 8
" _ , " =
! G z ^ ? & ^

a,AhB J@K K,KK @K,BK K,KK 1 5


a,AA] J@K K,KK @K,BK K,KK 9
a,AJb J@K K,KK @K,BK K,KK JK 9
a,Aah J@K K,KK @K,BK K,KK S
a,AJb J@K K,KK @K,BK K,KK I .

- *( -
&''( % $ " # !

+ " z " 3 ,% ' / , 7 , & ! (B)1 , O=


+ ! + 1+ . , ! 7 0 " K,KB " 0 / , 13% <
I+ /+ & 7 )- 16. , M % . $ !) 0
d)1 = * 7 $ 16. , 8 ' )- , # 0
! a× * $ = 1" , ) I , ( /
+ 0 + ' I ! . . I
% 1+ + 0 !') , 13% % 0 !) , %
= a×bJ I + +!S $ = 1" 1 I = * 7 !'
' & ` - "= K ) 0 $ d M 13% ' 0 $ ) , 4! @Jh
. ( 9::5 -
+! 0 7 = * 7 3 O= 1
+ 1"0 2# ) . 0 I " %/ "+
. ;

"( N , = D = ( E )& ,
$ &'N % #! 3,N @ " /
# N 8
O,N = =
+ 8 /
D
+ ^ + ^ + ^
$ $ J,@@ @,b ah,@ aJ,B Jb ] N ]'
$ $ @,ah @,B JU,A JB @] h ?8 H
$ $ J,Bh J,h aB,B JU Jb ] $
$ $ @,A @,h Jh @b @] h 0
$ $ b,A J,@ hK J@ bJ @b " ' '
$ $ U,] b,B @]B,] @@A,b @Jh bJ C b =

T : ? ]D & , ?
) + 7 Jb = a×] [ ] ' ]1 5 = * 7 C
,% + ' ah,@ / + &+ 7 !) 7 ' aJ,B & 7 !
+ 0 ! ' += * 7 , % & 7 !) 7

- *M -
&''( % $ " # !

' I* = * 7 , %/ & 7 !) 7 8 '$


. ", 1 5 1 & 7 ) 0!
'1 5 1 = 2 *. M , 8 *
+ 7 Q* ! 94 1 , '1 !
. !5

7 @] = a×h [ N 8 ?8 H ] 9 = * 7 C
'JU,A / & 7 !) 7 ' JB & 7 !)
+ 0! ' = * 7 , % & 7 !) 7 ,%
I* = * 7 , % JU,A / & 7 !) 7 8 ' Y= % $
*. M , 8 * . ", 1 & 7 ) 0 '
94 1 , '1 ! '1 = 2
. 9 9 !5 7 Q* !

7 Jb = a×] [ ' $ ] 9 = * 7 C
,% + ' aB,B / + & 7 !) 7 ' JU & 7 !)
+ 0 ! ' += * + 7 , % & 7 !) 7
I+* + += * 7 , % aB,B / & 7 !) 7 8 '$
. ", 1 & 7 ) 0 '

7+ @] = a×h [ @ ( ( ]S = * 7 C
+ 'Jh / & 7 !) 7 ' @b & 7 !)
+ 0 ! ' += * 7 , 13% & 7 !) 7 ,%
+= * 7 , % Jh / & 7 !) 7 8 ' & 7 !"
+! + F 8+ Q , ' ", 1 & 7 ) 0! ' I*
.1 ! 0

!) 7 bJ = a×@b [ " ' ]I . = * 7 C


7 ,% 'hK / & 7 !) 7 ' J@ & 7
' & 7 !$ 0! ' = * 7 , 13% & 7 !)
0! ' I* = * 7 , % hK / & 7 !) 7 8
.1 ! 0 ! F 8 Q , . ", 1 & 7 )

- *N -
&''( % $ " # !

7+ @Jh = a×bJ [ ( ( ( ]) = * 7 C
/+ &+ 7 +! ) + 7 ' @@A,b & 7 !)
= * 7 , 13% & 7 !) 7 ,% '@]B,]
,+ + % @]B,] / + & 7 !) 7 ' & 7 !$ 0! '
8+ Q + , .$ & 7 ) 0 ! ' @Jh ) = * 7
.( ) 0 ! 0 ! F

: " :W
+ V +! , 9 V * ",4 : " , [ ]
(, =( ? 5,56 + 8
)' * N P , " : X /
& '( N % &' N+ = = H 8 ,
."L $ L
+ 1 "+ 0 + +! $ 1 ' " . !
+ M+ 7 '" " " 9 ' .0 9 &", 4 ' ;
+" + ' )++ + 13 – + – - ".%
( Wilcoxon ) , . . '/ , 7 !,
! ' )+++- 1 ' ( SPSS ) + - " ; + ? . ' 7 F"
& * 0 $ , 1 ! 2L ' " a,Aah " / "Z"+
" a,Aah " + ! 8 ." BJ " ,% ' JK > ?5 ,
.0 ! ) 13 , , & * ,W! " BJ " , 13%
+ !M 4 'V * "& ' , ! 7 0 K,KB / "
+ . . + 0 Y + ! & * + 0 ?6 7 +L ,% ' +! , )
$ + + . . + , 13% , ,% ' ,+
1 + = )- ! ' +! $ !) !$ ' 86 1
C:
' G & " + = ) ( ; )& ,
= = %
N " " " ! + = =
& M^ G
2 0 7 2 0 7
@,b@ bJ,U aU,B UK / / JK
@,BB hb,UB J,@a JU,a

- *R -
&''( % $ " # !

!M / & 7 !) 1" 0 Q* & 1 , O=


( @,b@) F ) " .0 +! 1 $ ,% ' & 7
+ ' + 1" 0 Q* 1 ' ( @,J ) 86 & *
+! M! % & 3( ) ,W! 8 ' ! $ !)
. ! , M ! 4 N ' "

+P( H( S ? H S :+ % " , ["]


+ + 7+ , K,KB / -" 0 & ! ": 8
N+ 1"0 < 5 # 6 37 / & 7 & 7 !
."N ;

' 9 3", 4 ') # 6 37 . 'V * " .0


, 7 !, " ') 13 7
!, 4 7 F" ( Wilcoxon ) , . . '/
! ' ( SPSS ) - " ; ? . )- 1 '/ $ !)
& * 0 $ , 1 ! 2L ' " a,AJ@ " / " Z"+
, 13% !8 ." BJ " ,% ' JK > ?5 ,
/ < 5 ! ) 13 , , & * ,% O= M '
+! ) !$ . 9 V * "& ' , ! 7 0 K,KB /
+ 1 = )- < ! ' 86 1 $ . / $
:) # ". # 6 37
+ % C b & " + = ) ( > )& ,
= = %
N " " " ! + = =
& M^ G
2 0 7 2 0 7
@,aa a@],J JUJ,KB BU] / / JK
B,@a Ba@,]B @K,]U JBA,]

+! M+ / & 7 !) < 5 0 Q* & 1 , O=


++! 1 + $ ,% ' ) # # 6 37 & 7
+ + , 1 ++ = d + (@,aa ) F ) / < 5
' - ".% , – –< % 0 Q* 1 ' ( @,J ) 86

- *S -
&''( % $ " # !

3 ) ,W! 8 ') # = $ !)
. - 5 , M ! 9 ' " M! % &

+P H S ? M S ' N: , " , [Y]


+ 7 , K,KB / -" 0 & ! " : 8
N+ 1"0 0 I / & 7 & 7 !
."N ;

,+ , ' ; 1"0 6 % Y %
1 "+ 0 + 2+ # + , ) 94 ! ' .
+ $ ' ') 13 , I & 7 3 ' ;
( Wilcoxon ) , + . . ' V * " .; . I ,
+ ! ' )- 1 ' ( SPSS ) - " ; ? . ' 7 F"
1 + , 13% ' " a,AJh " / "Z"+
' JK > ?5 + , + ' 9 > ?g , . !
&+ 7 O " $ ! ) 13, , & * ,W! 8
' + V +! , S V * " 9 ' , ! 7 0 K,KB / '/
+ !$ + ' + 7 7 , 7 .
' + ; 1"0 2# I $ !)
: 1 )- !') #
3,N @ D = + = ) ( : )& ,
% = 8
O,N ! + = =
@ D @

2 0 7 2 0 7
/
/ /
J@K @Jh bJ JK
@@A,a
$ $ U,]K @]B,] b,ha
B

+ + 7 ! F # 6
+ += * 7+ + ' + bJ ! 9 1 I
1 + , O+= ( JKKb' + ? 1 . e @AAK ' & " 1 m ' $7 % T+! )I

- &' -
&''( % $ " # !

,% ' + & 7 !M / & 7 ! 7 ! ? ( @K )


7 3 , 13% " @@A,a " & 7 ! !% 0 7
+%'$ + 4 0 ! ' " @Jh " / 1 I = *
+ +! ' I = * 7 , % "@]B,] " 1 / / 7
'$ !) ! M L '/ & 7 O "
./ & 7 O " & ! V * " 9

:H ) 8 –"
N L = ) : WN
. , )' + $ &'N % L " ,

1+ ( N ) ! -" )- V 16. , O= %
; 1"0 N! $ ! 1 0
0 $ 5 . Q , ' - ".% /
M+ L% S )- &* '( N ) " !
e JKKK' 6 + ' JKKK ' ? ? 27 e @AAU' , O ) )-
+ + * . 0 ! ) < Y ! N (JKKb 7 , ?
1 "+ +! $ + 5 . ! - L% 3 ' 0 $ %
. )- S &* ', %, !

/+ $ + + +? ! 1 * 9% ) < ! #_ $ % Q ; ,%
+ (JKK@' / % e @AAB ' ? " &* ',
+ #_ + < !M ! $ 5 % L% ' < ! #_ $ %
.

"( , ( ( FN L = ) :W
. , )' + $ &'N % L) X
N + ) ! O= ' - " )- V 16. ,
+ - "+.% / ; 1"0 N- 5 $ !(
? X- ". Q , ' 1 1 !8 '
: ! ' F" 0 $ % *

- &* -
&''( % $ " # !

,+ 1 1 1L < % 7. 2 !, " * .@
, < ; , ". 1 ' 1"0
5 < 5 ! 135 , % 7. 7. < 5
+ ! 1 +7 / + , " * ( 0 $ ,% '< g
'M 1 31 1 19 Y6 0 $ < '$
+ $F ! _ _, % V , ! ,%
. < %$ V

+ , + , - "+.g * 0 < = !N ) " .J


. I ! ! ' Y #

16+. ,+ ' +* . 23 !$ . 16. , N! $ .a


.1 1 = .0

-? 2 # ! ?6 ? 1"0 % . '$ 7L L .b
$ + ! . $ 5 & 7 , '$ ) 2 %
.8 !1 *

. 7 0 " ! %/ / 1 .B

+! , 'M ! . / $ 5 Y 2 'N .h
./ %N %N 3 . 1L

+ e@AAB ' ?+ ) V )- M " S &*


8 )- L% ' ( Katz.-L.&Pyryt,-M.,1992 e JKKb ' , %1 e@AAU ' , ?
/ - 5 ! 0 $ % . *
.,

, )' O, L = ) :W
. N &'N %

' V % * 1" Y 71L %, 0 ,


< H L / ! , 6 5 , , ,%
- "+.% ,W! M o< ' 0 Q = , * / ! &-
+7 ; 1"0 2# C –
2+ # + + )- L% ' .

- && -
&''( % $ " # !

,+ + ,+ 1 % 8 S 3 ' , 0 O*"
. - ".% % ! O*"

" ; ' ; 2# 0 0 %
+! X ' . %( = 8 * 3' , $ '
. ! *# N ' /T ' , - ".5 !%

1+ +! ; I * . L 2# 0 %
+ " * %' . !X S 3 M W! '
. . < 9% $ ) "3 % ; < 9% ! Y

23 ! 7 $ *" " 2# ,%
% + /T '13, . 8 , Y # 'Y ,
+3 ' 8 + m * # % , = $ 7 7L $ *" L " M
. < 9% 1 3 $ % ; ) ! . 8 V 8 S

' 0 N - ".% , $ 1L
< =+ < + W .5 * ! * . 0"0 6 ; ? % 8 Q ,
, 3 %' " ! 0' 0 8 %1
2+3 +! . N- ".5 7 Y .T 7 , , V
.

+ , Y-" & ! O= - ) ' * % , ) S 8 &G ?


3') / & 7 O " ' ) 13 0 I ,
+ % ') 16. , S
) ! O= 'N 0 1"0 $ 0 ! ! F
1"0 2# - ".% !( N
"+ +! 0 $ % . ? Q , ' ;
?? 27 e @AAU' , O ) )- 8 ! &* ' # *
/ 0 N ( JKK@' 167 e JKKK ' 6 ' JKKK '
'$ ; !5 F - L% ' * . 0 !,
. 1 - " 0 .

- &B -
&''( % $ " # !

:H '
< += ! N- ".5 . < 9% ) 7 7. = C@
! %, ! - m Q67 16. , 8 ' *
. $

+! +* . ' ) ! 0 = CJ
. ! 9 , Y ',

S * . $ ) * $ % 4 0 . Ca
. X- ". ! &* / .5 $ 5

+ - ".% $ ) ! / # , , ,? Cb
. . < 9%

16+. , ' M < 9% - ".5 N 5 ; ; CB


. " 7 < = ! 7 )

) + M ' N- ".5 0 1"0 5 Y # Ch


- "+.% ,+ + % ) & 7 " ' )- ,
. 7

+ !( – – ! )Y % $ 4 ; CU
.$ )

1 !, 2 . ; 1"0 2# 4 L C]
. 13

! *# ; S3 " $ ; CA
. 7L

1 0 L ; 1"0 1 ! + 1 " C@K


M7 + 7 O= ' 7 ? I Q? '
,% ' 0 L . 1"; 2# 7.
. & 7 *

- &H -
&''( % $ " # !

: H
1+ 3 + + ! 0 1"0 2# S3 , < C@
.

/ .5 ; 1"0 V $ 19 ) ! CJ
. & 7

. ". ; / 1 !N 0 1"0 9 < Ca

Y+ ! + 0 1 "+ 0 + 2+ # . , Cb
. "".

+ - ". " ? - ". 2 < CB


.N 0 1"0 1

*** *** ***

- &( -
&''( % $ " # !

M((,
+=+ ++ ' +++ ' / +++ I* : O ++" ? ++ % .@
.@AAJ '@b7 ' ++ "
' ! 0 7 : ' " % .J
.@AAA ' +" + '7 + + + ' AQ '
+ '" + , 0 " ! ": ? ++# , ++ !% .a
.@AAA' J Q' @J ) ' ! 9 # '
' 9 " ? 4 ; :, L ?? 1 .b
.@AAh 'a8 'A ) ' " '
+* +! "I N T : " .B
.@AA] ' BCa' a 8 ' ] ) ' " /
36 5 "". L 7 :, 3 ? 1 . .h
+ 'bQ' + S+ ' ' ' F V
.JKKb % ' '
, ! # < : = += .U
.@AAK' , ' + '( L +R) + '
' " 5 ' ' !/ 6 I :$ F ? .]
.@A]B
+ ' 0 * !/ 6 <" ; ' L ? .A
. @AAK ' " 5'
; ) - ".5 * : .@K
' + '( L R) '( ) !
. JKKb '
'/ + +# +! 1 7 7. : 1 ' ? < = .@@
. @AAh ' ) . T '
', 5 ' * ' N! 1 " 0 1- : 6 #! .@J
. @AA] 'J 7
N! 2# ": ? *" , 2 7 .@a
'I + N+ T ' C '"
.@AA] 2 " 'a 8 ' ] ) ' +" ' ++

- &M -
&''( % $ " # !

+! H $ L) 7 : +? 7 " .@b
. JKKa ' ! ' ' ' 9 0 < =
! $ ! 0 . 2# !:1 ? $ F .@B
+ ' ' ! $67 / 9 < 5
.JKK@ ' 9 Q'S ', ' '
' +++ ' +++ +++ 2++ # : $ O ! .@h
.@AAK ' 2
'@7 ' 0 "+ 0 + "+ ! :, ? 1 .@U
.JKKJ ' $ '
+ "+ ' E. School 0 ", 9 N T .@]
.JKK@ ' % '@8 '
'"1 4 S3 I ! # "S N T .@A
. JKKK 1 JhCJh' a 8 ' @K ) ' "
+ + ' + ' T " : 7 T .JK
. ' 'bQ' S
+ + ! +! / +* # "": S / .J@
'( L R) '" 7 !
. @AAA ' I L , '
+ +# ! ' 9 3 " : + (6+" .JJ
JKKJ' + 0 + ; + ' 'S
.JKKa ' + ' + '@7 ' + + :I . 7 .Ja
C " – F ": " .Jb
[ +++ , + 1 5 N T '" I
.@AAU ' @ ) ' , L
I V ! 0 L . : * & " .JB
+ '( ) + 7- + * < = ! +"
.JKK@ ' 7 ++ % + ' + + '( L R)
+ 2+ # #+ $ % &! ( ) : * ( .Jh
+R) + + ' - ". / 0 1"0
. JKKB ' ' ( L

- &N -
&''( % $ " # !

, L / , + ! + 7 : ? .JU
' + 7 ? ' ' " ! 9 +5 '
. @KU X ' @AAB ' $+ Q ++73

28- Cornish, Mariand Manahan, Brian: a Network Prinet For Educators, Education
Technology, March – April, 1996.
29- Deryn waston & Dived Tinsley: Integrating Information Technology in to
Education, Chapman &Hall, 1995.
30- Witmer, D.: Introduction to Computer-Mediated Communication, A master
Syllabus for Teaching Communication Technology, Communication
31- Baker, W .and other:" Technology in the Classroom: From Theory to Practice
". Educom Review, Vol.32, No.5, Sep-Oct.1997.
32- Education, Vol.47, No.3, 1996.

:
&'$ % #! ! " :
% (/ 0 1) , - , () ' * + ( $
. 4556 - / 3 ,-
dr_mamdouh2005@hotmail.com

13 7 0"; . ;1 5 T H P3 0
JKKU 1 % Jb – JJ '
1st International Conference Information and Communications Technology
in Pre-University Education
April 22-24, 2007
http://www.emoe.org/Arabic/Events/iedconf2007/papers/

- &R -

You might also like