Preventive Maintenance

Preventive Maintenance
Buddhika Lewangama
Marriott School November 2006
Agenda
Definition of Preventive Maintenance (PM) Reasons for the increased need of PM Advantages of a PM system Risks of running a PM system When to use a PM system The law of PM Guide to a successful PM system Execution process Conclusion Readings
What is Preventive Maintenance?

Preventive maintenance is a schedule of planned maintenance actions aimed at the prevention of breakdowns and failures. The primary goal of preventive maintenance is to prevent the failure of equipment before it actually occurs. It is designed to preserve and enhance equipment reliability by replacing worn components before they actually fail.
Reasons for the need of a PM system

Increased Automation Business loss due to production delays Production of a higher quality product Just-in-time manufacturing Need for a more organized, planned environment
Advantages of a PM system
Reduced production downtime, resulting in fewer machine breakdowns.
Better conservation of assets and increased life expectancy of assets, thereby eliminating premature replacement of machinery and equipment.
Timely, routine repairs circumvent fewer large-scale repairs.
Continued Reduced cost of repairs by reducing secondary failures. When parts fail in service, they usually damage other parts.
Better quality products

Identification of equipment with excessive maintenance costs Improved safety and quality conditions.
Brainstorming Exercise
Are there any risks of running a PM system?
If there are risks when would it be a good time to use PM?
Potential errors or damage of a PM system

Damage to an adjacent equipment during a PM task. Reintroducing infant mortality by installing new parts or materials. Damage due to an error in reinstalling equipment into its original location.
A real life example of a PM error

A review of the data from fossil-fueled power plants that examined the frequency and duration of forced outages after a planned or forced maintenance outage reinforces our point. The data collected from those plants showed that of 3146 maintenance outages, 1772 of them occurred in less than one week after a maintenance outage. Clearly, this is pretty strong evidence that suggests that in 56% of the cases, unplanned maintenance outages were caused by errors committed during a recent maintenance outage.
When Does Preventive Maintenance Make Sense

This is a logical choice that considers two conditions
#1. The component in question has an increasing failure rate. #2. The overall cost of the preventive maintenance action must be less than the overall cost of a corrective action. If both of these conditions are met PM would make sense
The Law of PM
Higher the value of the plant assets and equipment per square foot of plant, the greater will be the return on a PM program.
E.g. - downtime in an automobile plant assembly line at one time cost $10,000 per minute. Relating this to lost production time an automobile manufacturer reported that the establishment of a PM program in their 16 assembly plants reduced downtime from 300 hours per year to 25 hours per year. With results such as this no wellmanaged plant can afford not to develop a PM program.
How to determine the optimum age of replacement?
How to determine the optimum age of replacement?

A more technical approach.
Where: R(t) = reliability at time t. CP = cost of planned replacement. CU = cost of unplanned replacement CPUT(t) = The optimum replacement time
The key for a successful PM system

Scheduling Should be automated to the maximum extent possible Execution Should be done before the actual break down occurs.
Execution
The Bath Tub Model Three stages of new parts
1. 2. 3. Infant morality stage A fairly long run stage Wear out stage
Traditional View according to Bath Tub Model Replace components just before they entered wear out stage
Execution
Traditional view says
Wear out stage = Increased rate of failure. Point to Ponder Since, wear out stage represents increased rate of failure, wouldnt it be plausible to execute the PM program at this stage?
Execution
United Airlines Research Reliability Centered Maintenance based on research done by United Airlines and the rest of the aircraft industry showed that very few non-structural components exhibit bathtub curve characteristics. Their research showed that only about 11% of all components exhibit wear-out characteristics, but 72% of components do exhibit infant mortality characteristics. These same characteristics have been shown to apply in Department of Defense systems as well as power plant systems.
What really should PM focus on?

Cleaning Lubrication And correcting deficiencies Found through testing and inspection
Predetermined parts replacement should be minimal and done only where statistical evidence clearly indicates wear-out characteristics
In the absence of data

Age exploration programs Statistical analysis
Cost shouldnt be a primary factor in deciding against data collection for a PM
Motivating Preventive Maintenance Workers

Training programs most effective
Establish inspection and preventive maintenance as a recognized, important part of the overall maintenance program.
Assign competent, responsible people to the preventive maintenance program.
Continued Follow-up to assure quality performance and to show everyone that management does care. Provide training in precision maintenance practices and training in the right techniques and procedures for preventive maintenance on specific equipment. Set high standards. Publicize reduced costs with improved up-time and revenues, which are the result of effective preventive maintenance
Summary
PM is not difficult to achieve. It is an essential part for cost reduction There is an element of risk involved in PM Careful planning and execution will reduce the risk of PM The biggest benefits of a PM program occur through painting, lubrication, cleaning and adjusting, and minor component replacement to extend the life of equipment and facilities.
Readings
John M Gross, Fundementals of Preventive Maintenance, American Management Association, Pg 228 Richard D Palmer, Maintenance Planning and Scheduling Handbook, ch1pg.30 Is Preventive Maintenance Necessary?, 28 Nov.2006 < http://www.reliability.com/articles/article37.htm> The Reliability Hotwire, the eMagazine for the Reliability Professional, Issue 21, Nov. 2002 http://www.weibull.com/hotwire/issue21/hottopics21.htm Preventive Maintenance, Reliasoft Coporation, 28 Nov 2006http://www.weibull.com/SystemRelWeb/preventive_maintenance.htm

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Preventive Maintenance

What is Preventive Maintenance?

Reasons for the need of a PM system

Better quality products

If there are risks when would it be a good time to use PM?

Potential errors or damage of a PM system

A real life example of a PM error

When Does Preventive Maintenance Make Sense

How to determine the optimum age of replacement?

How to determine the optimum age of replacement?

The key for a successful PM system

What really should PM focus on?

In the absence of data

Motivating Preventive Maintenance Workers

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