HOW ARE YOU TO SUPPOSE TO CONTINUE WITH YOUR AIRCRAFT IN CASE YOU DEVELOP RCF?

WHAT IS ALTITUDE AND WHAT IS ELEVATION? WHY IS TRANSITIION ALTITUDE SAME EVERY DAY EVEN THOUGH QNH CHANGES HOURLY ? CIRCUIT ALTITUDE SAME OR IT VARIES. CRUISING FLIGHT LEVEL VARIES OR IS SAME. WHY DO WE HAVE QNH AND QNE? IS UNITED NATIONS IN A WAY INVOLVED WITH OUR AVIATION? IS THERE DIFF IN ETA OF IFR AND VFR FLIGHT ! WHAT IS VICINITY OF AERODROME.
1

RULES OF THE AIR

1

DEFINITIONS
IMC: METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF VISIBILITY, DISTANCE FROM CLOUD, AND CEILING, LESS THAN THE MINIMA SPECIFIED FOR VISUAL MET CONDITIONS VMC: METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF VISIBILITY, DISTANCE FROM CLOUD, AND CEILING, EQUAL TO OR BETTER THAN SPECIFIED MINIMA VFR FLIGHT: A FLIGHT CONDUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH VISUAL FLIGHT RULES IFR FLIGHT: A FLIGHT CONDUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES

 TAXI : MOVEMENT OF AN AIRCRAFT ON THE SURFACE OF AN AERODROME UNDER ITS OWN POWER, EXCLUDING TAKE OFF AND LANDING. ALTITUDE : THE VERTICAL POSITION OF A POINT, LEVEL OR AN OBJECT CONSIDERED AS A POINT MEASURED FROM MEAN SEA LEVEL. ELEVATION: THE VERTICAL POSITION OF A POINT, LEVEL OR AN OBJECT AFFIXED TO THE SURFACE OF EARTH CONSIDERED AS A POINT MEASURED FROM MEAN SEA LEVEL.

RULES OF THE AIR

TERRITORIAL APPLICATION OF RULES OF THE AIR GENERAL FLIGHT RULES

VFR IFR

TERRITORIAL APPLICATION
RULES OF THE AIR SHALL APPLY TO AIRCRAFT BEARING THE NATIONALITY AND REGISTRATION MARKS OF A CONTRACTING STATE, WHEREVER THEY MAY BE, TO THE EXTENT THAT THEY DO NOT CONFLICT WITH THE RULES PUBLISHED BY THE STATE HAVING JURISDICTION OVER THE TERRITORY OVER FLOWN IF, AND SO LONG AS, A CONTRACTING STATE HAS NOT NOTIFIED THE ICAO TO THE CONTRARY, IT SHALL BE DEEMED, AS REGARDS AIRCRAFT OF ITS REGISTRATION, TO HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS

FOR PURPOSES OF FLIGHT OVER THOSE PARTS OF THE HIGH SEAS WHERE A CONTRACTING STATE HAS ACCEPTED, PURSUANT TO A RANA, THE RESPONSIBILITY OF PROVIDING ATS, THE APPROPRIATE ATS AUTHORITY IS THE RELEVANT AUTHORITY DESIGNATED BY THE STATE RESPONSIBLE FOR PROVIDING THOSE SERVICES

COMPLIANCE WITH RULES OF AIR

THE OPERATION OF AIRCRAFT WHETHER IN FLIGHT OR ON THE MOVEMENT AREA OF AN AERODROME SHALL, BE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE GENERAL RULES AND IN ADDITION, WHEN IN FLIGHT, EITHER WITH # VISUAL FLIGHT RULES # INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES A FLIGHT MAY ELECT TO FLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH IFR IN VMC, OR IT MAY BE REQUIRED TO DO SO BY THE APPROPRIATE ATS AUTHORITY

RESPONSIBILITY FOR COMPLIANCE

RESPONSIBILITY OF PILOT IN COMMAND: THE PILOT IN COMMAND OF AN AIRCRAFT SHALL, WHETHER MANIPULATING THE CONTROLS OR NOT, BE RESPONSIBLE

FOR THE OPERATION OF THE AIRCRAFT IN ACCORDANCE

WITH THE RULES OF THE AIR,

EXCEPT THAT

THE PILOT- IN- COMMAND MAY DEPART FROM THESE RULES IN CIRCUMSTANCES THAT RENDER SUCH

DEPARTURE ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY IN THE INTEREST

OF SAFETY.

PRE FLIGHT ACTION

BEFORE BEGINNING A FLIGHT, THE PILOT-IN-COMMAND OF AN AIRCRAFT SHALL - BECOME FAMILIAR WITH ALL AVAILABLE INFORMATION APPROPRIATE TO THE INTENDED OPERATION. - FOR FLIGHTS AWAY FROM THE VICINITY OF AERODROME, AND FOR ALL IFR FLIGHTS # CONDUCT A CAREFUL STUDY OF AVAILABLE WEATHER REPORTS AND FORECASTS CURRENT

# WHILE DOING SO TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION FUEL REQUIREMENTS AND AN ALTERNATE COURSE OF ACTION IF THE FLIGHT CANNOT BE COMPLETED AS PLANNED

AUTHORITY OF PILOT IN COMMAND

THE PILOT IN COMMAND OF AN AIRCRAFT SHALL HAVE FINAL AUTHORITY AS TO THE DISPOSITION OF THE AIRCRAFT WHILE IN COMMAND.

GENERAL RULES

PROTECTION OF PERSONS & PROPERTY

NEGLIGENT OR RECKLESS OPERATION OF AIRCRAFT: AN AIRCRAFT SHALL NOT BE OPERATED I N A NEGLIGENT OR RECKLESS MANNER SO AS TO ENDANGER LIFE OR PROPERTY OF OTHERS. MINIMUM HEIGHTS: EXCEPT WHEN NECESSARY FOR TAKE OFF OR LANDING, OR EXCEPT BY PERMISSION FROM THE APPROPRIATE AUTH, AIRCRAFT SHALL NOT BE FLOWN OVER CONGESTED AREAS OF CITIES, TOWNS OR SETTLEMENTS OR OVER AN OPEN AIR ASSEMBLY OF PERSONS, UNLESS AT SUCH HEIGHT AS WILL PERMIT, IN THE EVENT OF AN EMERGENCY ARISING, A LANDING TO BE MADE WITHOUT UNDUE HAZARD TO PERSONS OR PROPERTY ON THE SURFACE.

CONTD.

CRUISING LEVELS: THE CRUISING LEVELS AT WHICH A FLIGHT OR PORTION OF A FLIGHT IS TO BE CONDUCTED SHALL BE IN TERMS OF # FLIGHT LEVELS, FOR FLIGHTS AT OR ABOVE THE LOWEST USABLE FLIGHT LEVEL OR, WHERE APPLICABLE, ABOVE THE TRANSITION ALTITUDE. # ALTITUDES, FOR FLIGHTS BELOW THE LOWEST USABLE FLIGHT LEVEL OR, WHERE APPLICABLE, BELOW THE TRANSITION ALTITUDE.
DROPPING OR SPRAYING ; NOTHING SHALL BE DROPPED OR SPRAYED FROM AN AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT EXCEPT UNDER CONDITIONS PRESCRIBED BY AN APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY AND AS INDICATED BY RELEVANT INFORMATION, ADVISE AND / OR CLEARANCE FROM THE APPROPRIATE AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES UNIT.

CONTD
TOWING: NO AIRCRAFT SHALL BE TOWED BY AN AIRCRAFT, EXCEPT IN ACCORDANCE WITH REQUIREMENTS PRESCRIBED BY THE APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY AND AS INDICATED BY RELEVANT

INFORMATION, ADVICE AND / OR CLEARANCE FROM

THE APPROPRIATE ATS UNIT.

PARACHUTE DESCENTS: PARACHUTE DESCENTS,

OTHER THAN EMERGENCY DESCENTS, SHALL NOT BE MADE EXCEPT UNDER CONDITIONS PRESCRIBED BY

THE APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY AND AS INDICATED BY

RELEVANT INFORMATION, ADVICE AND / OR CLEARANCE FROM THE APPROPRIATE ATS UNIT.

Contd
AEROBATIC FLIGHT: NO AIRCRAFT SHALL BE FLOWN AEROBATICALLY EXCEPT UNDER CONDITIONS PRESCRIBED BY THE APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY AND AS INDICATED BY RELEVANT INFORMATION, ADVICE

AND / OR CLEARANCE FROM THE APPROPRIATE ATS

UNIT. UNMANNED FREE BALLOONS: AN UNMANNED FREE

BALLOON SHALL BE OPERATED IN SUCH A MANNER AS

TO MINIMISE HAZARDS TO PERSONS, PROPERTY OR OTHER AIRCRAFT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE

CONDITIONS SPECIFIED IN ICAO ANNEX 2

Contd

PROHIBITED AREAS AND RESTRICTED AREAS: AIRCRAFT SHALL NOT BE FLOWN IN A PROHIBITED AREA, OR IN A RESTRICTED AREA, THE PARTICULARS OF WHICH HAVE BEEN DULY PUBLISHED, EXCEPT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF THE RESTRICTIONS OR BY PERMISSION OF THE STATE

OVER WHOSE TERRITORY THE AREAs ARE

ESTABLISHED.

DEFINITIONS
PROHIBITED AREA: AN AIRSPACE OF DEFINED DIMENSIONS, ABOVE THE LAND AREA OR TERRITORIAL WATERS OF A STATE, WITHIN WHICH THE FLIGHT OF AIRCRAFT IS PROHIBITED.
RESTRICTED AREA: AN AIRSPACE OF DEFINED DIMENSIONS, ABOVE THE LAND AREAS OR TERRITORIAL WATERS OF A STATE, WITHIN WHICH THE FLIGHT OF AIRCRAFT IS RESTRICTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH CERTAIN SPECIFIED CONDITIONS.

DANGER AREA: AN AIRSPACE OF DEFINED DIMENSIONS WITHIN WHICH ACTIVITIES DANGEROUS TO THE FLIGHT OF AIRCRAFT MAY EXIST AT SPECIFIED TIMES.

AVOIDNCE OF COLLISION
PROXIMITY: AN AIRCRAFT SHALL NOT BE OPERATED IN SUCH PROXIMITY TO OTHER AIRCRAFT AS TO CREATE A COLLISION HAZARD.

FORMATION FLIGHTS
FORMATION FLIGHTS AIRCRAFT SHALL NOT BE FLOWN IN FORMATION EXCEPT BY PREARRANGEMENT. ( WHAT IS LATERAL / LONGITUDINAL AND VERTICAL DISTANCE BETWEEN ACFT IN FORMATION ?

APPROACHING HEAD - ON
WHEN TWO AIRCRAFT ARE APPROACHING HEAD ON OR APPROXIMATELY SO AND THERE IS DANGER OF COLLISION, EACH SHALL ALTER ITS HEADING TO THE RIGHT.

CONVERGING
WHEN TWO A/C ARE CONVERGING AT APPROXIMATELY THE SAME LEVEL, THE AIRCRAFT THAT HAS THE OTHER ON ITS RIGHT SHALL GIVE WAY, EXCEPT AS FOLLOWS
# POWER DRIVEN HEAVIER THAN AIR AIRCRAFT SHALL GIVE WAY TO AIRSHIPS, GLIDERS AND BALLOONS # AIRSHIPS SHALL GIVE WAY TO GLIDERS AND BALLOONS # GLIDERS SHALL GIVE WAY TO BALLOONS

# POWER DRIVEN AIRCRAFT SHALL GIVE WAY TOP AIRCRAFT WHICH ARE SEEN TO BE TOWING OTHER AIRCRAFT OR OBJECTS

Contd..
RIGHT OF WAY: THE AIRCRAFT THAT HAS RIGHT OF WAY SHALL MAINTAIN ITS HEADING AND SPEED, BUT NOTHING IN THESE RULES SHALL RELIEVE THE PILOT IN COMMAND OF AN AIRCRAFT FROM THE RESPONSIBILITY OF TAKING SUCH ACTION AS WILL BEST AVERT COLLISION. AN AIRCRAFT THAT IS OBLIGED BY THE FOLLOWING RULES TO KEEP OUT OF THE WAY OF ANOTHER SHALL AVOID PASSING OVER, UNDER OR IN FRONT OF THE OTHER, UNLESS IT PASSES WILL CLEAR AND TAKES INTO THE EFFECT OF AIRCRAFT WAKE TURBULENCE.

LANDING
AN AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT, OR OPERATING ON THE GROUND OR WATER, SHALL GIVE WAY TO AIRCRAFT LANDING OR IN THE FINAL STAGES OF AN APPROACH TO LAND. WHEN TWO OR MORE HEAVIER THAN AIR AIRCRAFT ARE APPROACHING AN AERODROME FOR THE PURPOSE OF LANDING, AIRCRAFT AT THE HIGHER LEVEL SHALL GIVE WAY TO AIRCRAFT AT THE LOWER LEVEL, BUT THE LATTER SHALL, NOT TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THIS RULE TO CUT IN FRONT OF ANOTHER WHICH IS IN THE FINAL STAGES OF AN APPROACH TO LAND, OR TO OVERTAKE THAT AIRCRAFT.

LANDING
NEVERTHELESS POWER DRIVEN HEAVIE-THAN-AIR AIRCRAFT SHALL GIVE WAY TO GLIDERS

EMERGENCY LANDING: AN A/C THAT IS AWARE THAT ANOTHER A/C IS COMPELLED TO LAND SHALL GIVE WAY TO THAT A/C.(ACFT)

TAKING OFF: AN AIRCRAFT TAXIING ON THE MANOEUVRING AREA OF AN AERODROME SHALL GIVE WAY TO AIRCRAFT TAKING OFF OR ABOUT TO TAKE OFF.

SURFACE MOVEMENT OF AIRCRAFT

SURFACE MOVEMENT OF AIRCRAFT: #WHEN TWO AIRCRAFT ARE APPROACHING HEAD ON, OR APPROX SO, EACH SHALL STOP OR WHERE PRACTICABLE ALTER ITS COURSE TO THE RIGHT SO AS TO KEEP WELL CLEAR. # WHEN TWO AIRCRAFT ARE ON A CONVERGING COURSE, THE ONE WHICH HAS THE OTHER ON ITS RIGHT SHALL GIVE WAY. #AN AIRCRAFT WHICH IS BEING OVERTAKEN BY ANOTHER AIRCRAFT SHALL HAVE THE RIGHT OF WAY AND OVERTAKING AIRCRAFT SHALL KEEP WELL CLEAR OF THE OTHER AIRCRAFT.

contd
AN AIRCRAFT TAXIING ON THE MANOEUVRING AREAS SHALL STOP AND HOLD AT ALL RUNWAY HOLDING POSITIONS UNLESS OTHERWISE AUTHORISED BY THE AERODROME CONTROL TOWER

LIGHTS DISPLAYED BY AIRCRAFT

THE DISPLAY OF LIGHTS BY ALL AIRCRAFT SHALL BE AS FOLLOWS:
# BETWEEN SUNSET TO SUNRISE OR ANY OTHER PERIOD WHICH MAY BE PRESCRIBED BY APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY, ALL A/C IN FLIGHT SHALL DISPLAY * ANTI COLLISION LIGHTS INTENDED TO ATTRACT ATTENTION OF THE AIRCRAFT. * NAVIGATION LIGHTS INTENDED TO INDICATE THE RELATIVE PATH OF THE AIRCRAFT TO AN OBSERVER # OUTSIDE THE PERIOD SPECIFIED ABOVE, ALL AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT AS WELL AS ON THE MOVEMENT AREA SHALL DISPLAY AT LEAST ANTI COLLISION LIGHTS

LIGHTS DISPLAYED BY AIRCRAFT

THE DISPLAY OF LIGHTS BY ALL AIRCRAFT SHALL BE AS FOLLOWS:

# BETWEEN SUNSET TO SUNRISE OR ANY OTHER PERIOD WHICH MAY BE PRESCRIBED BY APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY, ALL A/C ON GROUND SHALL DISPLAY * ANTI COLLISION LIGHTS INTENDED TO ATTRACT ATTENTION OF THE AIRCRAFT. ENGINE RUNNING * NAVIGATION LIGHTS INTENDED TO INDICATE RELATIVE PATH OF AIRCRAFT TO AN OBSERVER. EXTREMITIES OF STRUCTURE

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE

ATCS: ATC CLEARANCE SHALL BE OBTAINED PRIOR TO OPERATING A CONTROLLED FLIGHT, OR A PORTION OF A FLIGHT AS A CONTROLLED FLIGHT. SUCH CLEARANCE SHALL BE REQUESTED THROUGH THE SUBMISSION OF A FLIGHT PLAN TO AN ATC UNIT # A CLEARANCE MAY COVER ONLY PART OF A CURRENT FLIGHT PLAN AS INDICATED IN A CLEARANCE LIMIT OR BY REFERENCE TO SPECIFIC MANOEUVRES SUCH AS TAXIING, LANDING OR TAKING OFF # IF AN ATC CLEARANCE IS NOT SATISFACTORY TO A PILOT IN COMMAND OF AN AIRCRAFT, THE PILOT IN COMMAND MAY REQUEST AND IF PRACTICABLE, WILL BE ISSUED AN AMENDED CLEARANCE

POTENTIAL RE-CLEARANCE IN FLIGHT

IF PRIOR TO DEPARTURE IT IS ANTICIPATED THAT DEPENDING ON FUEL / ENDURANCE AND SUBJECT TO RE-CLEARANCE IN FLIGHT, A DECISION MAY BE TAKEN TO PROCEED TO A REVISED DESTINATION AERODROME, THE APPROPRIATE ATC UNITS SHALL BE SO NOTIFIED BY THE INSERTION IN THE FLIGHT PLAN OF INFORMATION CONCERNING THE REVISED DESTINATION # THE INTENT OF THIS PROVISION IS TO FACILITATE A RE -CLEARANCE TO A REVISED DESTINATION, NORMALLY BEYOND THE FILED DESTINATION AERODROME

TAXI ON MANOEUVRING AREA

AN AIRCRAFT OPERATED ON A CONTROLLED AERODROME SHALL NOT TAXI ON THE MANOEUVRING AREA WITHOUT CLEARANCE FROM THE AERODROME CONTROL TOWER AND SHALL COMPLY WITH ANY INSTRUCTIONS GIVEN BY THAT UNIT (MANOEUVRING AREA).

ADHERENCE TO A FLIGHT PLAN

AN A/C SHALL ADHERE TO THE CURRENT FLIGHT PLAN SUBMITTED FOR A CONTROLLED FLIGHT UNLESS A REQUEST FOR CHANGE HAS BEEN MADE AND CLEARANCE OBTAINED FROM THE APPROPRIATE ATC UNIT, OR UNLESS AN EMERGENCY SITUATION ARISES WHICH NECESSITATES IMMEDIATE ACTION BY AIRCRAFT, IN WHICH EVENT AS SOON AS CIRCUMSTANCES PERMIT, AFTER SUCH EMERGENCY AUTHORITY IS EXERCISED, THE APPROPRIATE ATS UNIT SHALL BE NOTIFIED OF THE ACTION TAKEN AND THAT THIS ACTION HAS BEEN TAKEN UNDER EMERGENCY AUTHORITY

INADVERTENT CHANGES
IN THE EVENT THAT A CONTROLLED FLIGHT INADVERTENTLY DEVIATES FROM ITS CURRENT FLIGHT PLAN, THE FOLLOWING ACTION SHALL BE TAKEN DEVIATION FROM TRACK: IF THE AIRCRAFT IS OFF TRACK, ACTION SHALL BE TAKEN FORTHWITH TO ADJUST THE HEADING OF THE AIRCRAFT TO REGAIN TRACK AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

INADVERTENT CHANGES
VARIATION IN TAS: IF THE AVERAGE TAS AT CRUISING LEVEL BETWEEN REPORTING POINTS VARIES OR IS EXPECTED TO VARY BY PLUS OR MINUS 5% OF THE TAS, FROM THAT GIVEN IN THE FLIGHT PLAN, THE APPROPRIATE ATS UNIT SHALL BE SO INFORMED

INADVERTENT CHANGES
CHANGE IN ESTIMATED TIME: IF THE ESTIMATED TIME AT THE NEXT APPLICABLE REPORTING POINT, FIR BOUNDARY OR AERODROME OF INTENDED LANDING, WHICH EVER COMES FIRST IS FOUND TO BE IN ERROR IN EXCESS OF THREE MINUTES FROM THAT NOTIFIED TO ATS, OR SUCH OTHER PERIOD TO TIME AS IS PRESCRIBED BY THE APPROPRIATE ATS AUTHORITY, A REVISED ESTIMATED TIME SHALL BE NOTIFIED AS SOON AS POSSIBLE TO THE APPROPRIATE ATS UNIT

INTENDED CHANGES
REQUEST FOR FLIGHT PLAN CHANGES SHALL INCLUDE INFORMATION AS INDICATED HERE UNDER:CHANGE OF CRUISING LEVEL:- ACFT ICENTIFICATION, REQUESTED NEW CRUISING LEVEL AND CRUISING SPEED AT THIS LEVEL,REVISED ESTIMATED TIME (WHEN APPLICABLE) AT SUBSEQUENT FIR BOUNDRAIES

Contd
CHANGE OF ROUTE:# DESTINATION UNCHANGED: AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION, FLIGHT RULES, DESCRIPTION OF NEW ROUTE OF FLIGHT INCLUDING RELATED FLIGHT PLAN DATA BEGINNING WITH THE TIME AND POSITION FROM WHICH REQUESTED CHANGE OF ROUTE IS TO COMMENCE, REVISED ESTIMATED TIME AT DESTINATION, ANY OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION

Contd
CHANGE OF ROUTE:# DESTINATION CHANGED: AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION, FLIGHT RULES, DESCRIPTION OF NEW ROUTE OF FLIGHT TO NEW DESTINATION INCLUDING RELATED FLIGHT PLAN DATA BEGINNING WITH THE TIME AND POSITION FORM WHICH REQUESTED CHANGES OF ROUTE IS TO COMMENCE, ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL AT NEW DESTINATION, ALTERNATE AERODROME, ANY OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION

WEATHER DETERIORATION BELOW VMC

WHEN IT BECOMES EVIDENT THAT FLIGHT IN VMC IN ACCORDANCE WITH ITS CURRENT FLIGHT PLAN WILL NOT BE PRACTICABLE, A VFR FLIGHT OPERATED AS A CONTROLLED FLIGHT SHALL:
REQUEST AN AMENDED CLEARANCE ENABLING THE AIRCRAFT TO CONTINUE IN VMC TO DESTINATION OR TO AN ALTERNATIVE AERODROME, OR TO LEAVE THE AIRSPACE WITHIN WHICH AN ATC CLEARANCE IS REQUIRED

WEATHER DETERIORATION BELOW VMC

IF NO CLEARANCE IN ACCORDANCE WITH ABOVE CAN BE OBTAINED, CONTINUE TO OPERATE IN VMC AND NOTIFY THE APPROPRIATE ATC UNIT OF THE ACTION BEING TAKEN EITHER TO LEAVE THE AIRSPACE CONCERNED OR TO LAND AT THE NEAREST SUITABLE AERODROME, OR IF OPERATED WITHIN A CONTROL ZONE, REQUEST AUTHORISTION TO OPERATE AS SVFR REQUEST CLEARANCE TO OPERATE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE IFR

SIGNIFICANT POINT: A SPECIFIED GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION USED IN DEFINING AN ATS ROUTE OR THE FLIGHT PATH OF AN AIRCRAFT AND FOR OTHER NAVIGATION AND ATS PURPOSES (REPORTING POINT)

SEWAK RD

BAGDOGRA

OPIMO DUKUM

SIGNIFICANT POINT
SIGNIFICANT POINTS SHOULD, WHENEVER POSSIBLE, BE ESTABLISHED WITH REFERENCE TO GROUND BASED RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS, PREFERABLY VHF OR HIGHER FREQUENCY AIDS. WHERE SUCH GROUND BASED RADIO NAV AIDS DO NOT EXIST, SIGNIFICANT POINTS SHALL BE ESTABLISHED AT LOCATIONS WHICH CAN BE DETERMINED BY SELF CONTAINED AIRBORNE NAVIGATION AIDS, OR, WHERE NAVIGATION BY VISUAL REFERENCE TO THE GROUND IS TO BE EFFECTED, BY VISUAL OBSERVATION.

POSITION REPORTS
ON ROUTES DEFINED BY DESIGNATED SIGNIFICANT POINTS, POSITION REPORTS SHALL BE MADE BY AIRCRAFT WHEN OVER, OR AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER PASSING, EACH DESIGNATED COMPULSORY REPORTING POINT
ON ROUTES NOT DEFINED BY DESIGNATED SIGNIFICANT POINTS, POSITION REPORTS SHALL BE MADE BY THE AIRCRAFT AS SOON POSSIBLE AFTER THE FIRST HALF HOUR OF FLIGHT AND AT HOURLY INTERVALS THEREAFTER

CONTD
THE POSITION REPORTS SHALL BE MADE TO THE ATS UNIT SERVING THE AIRSPACE IN WHICH THE AIRCRAFT IS OPERATED. IN ADDITION, WHEN SO PRESCRIBED BY THE APPROPRIATE ATS OR REQUESTED BY THE APPROPRIATE ATS UNIT, THE LAST POSITION REPORT BEFORE PASSING FROM ONE FIR OR CONTROL AREA TO AN ADJACENT FIR OR CONTROL AREA SHALL BE MADE TO THE ATS UNIT SERVING THE AIRSPACE ABOUT TO BE ENTERED

CONTD
ALL AIRCRAFT TRANSITING FROM ONE FIR TO ANOTHER FIR SHALL FORWARD, ESTIMATES FOR FIR BOUNDARY INCLUDING FLIGHT LEVEL TO THE ATS UNIT RESPONSIBLE FOR PROVIDING FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE IN THE FIR TO BE ENTERED, AT LEAST 10 MIN PRIOR TO ENTRY ( NOT SO WHEN TRANSITING FROM ONE INDIAN FIR TO ANOTHER INDIAN FIR)

COMMUNICATIONS
AN AIRCRAFT OPERATED AS CONTROLLED FLIGHT SHALL MAINTAIN CONTINOUS LISTENING WATCH ON THE APPROPRIATE RADIO FREQUENCY OF, AND ESTABLISH TWO WAY COMMUNICATION AS NECESSARY WITH THE APPROPRIATE ATC UNIT, EXCEPT AS MAY BE PRESCRIBED BY THE APPROPRIATE ATS AUTHORITY IN RESPECT OF AIRCRAFT FORMING PART OF AERODROME TRAFFIC AT A CONTROLLED AERODROME

COMMUNICATION FAILURE PROCEDURE

AS SOON IT IS KNOWN THAT TWO WAY COMMUNICATION HAS FAILED, ACTION SHALL BE TAKEN TO ASCERTAIN WHETHER THE AIRCRAFT IS ABLE TO RECEIVE TRANSMISSIONS BY REQUESTING IT TO EXECUTE A SPECIFIED MANOEUVRE WHICH CAN BE OBSERVED BY RADAR, IF AVAILABLE, OR IF POSSIBLE, THROUGH SPECIFIED SIGNAL. IN CASE AIRCRAFT FAILS TO INDICATE AS ABOVE, SEPARATION SHALL BE MAINTAINED BETWEEN THIS AIRCRAFT AND OTHER AIRCRAFT HAVING TWO WAY COMMUNICATIONS.

CONTD
IF IN VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ( IFR/ VFR)

ATC PROCEDURES IN SUCH CASES ARE ENTIRELY BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT THE AIRCRAFT HAVING COMMUNICATION FAILURE, WILL
# CONTINUE TO FLY IN VMC AND LAND AT THE NEAREST SUITABLE AERODROME # REPORT ITS ARRIVAL BY THE FASTEST MEANS TO THE APPROPRIATE ATS UNIT

CONTD
OR

IF CONSIDERED ADVISABLE, COMPLETE AN IFR FLIGHT IN ACCORDANCE WITH ACTION BY IFR IN IMC EVEN THOUGH IT IS IN VMC

CONTD
IF IN INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS OR WHEN THE PILOT OF AN IFR FLIGHT CONSIDERS IT INADVISABLE TO COMPLETE THE FLIGHT IN ACCORDANCE WITH PREVIOUS PARA, THE AIRCRAFT SHALL: A) UNLESS OTHERWISE PRESCRIBED ON THE BASIS OF REGIONAL AIR NAVIGATION AGREEMENT, IN AIRSPACE WHERE RADAR IS NOT USED IN THE PROVISION OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL, MAINTAIN THE LAST ASSIGNED SPEED AND LEVEL, OR MINIMUM FLIGHT ALTITUDE IF HIGHER, FOR A PERIOD OF 20 MINUTES FOLLOWING THE AIRCRAFTS FAILURE TO REPORT ITS POSITION OVER A COMPULSORY REPORTING PT AND THEREAFTER ADJUST LEVEL AND SPEED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FILED FLIGHT PLAN;

 B) IN AIRSPACE WHERE RADAR IS USED IN THE PROVISION OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL, MAINTAIN THE LAST ASSIGNED SPEED AND LEVEL, OR MINIMUM FLIGHT ALTITUDE IF HIGHER, FOR A PERIOD OF 7 MINUTES FOLLOWING: i) THE TIME THE LAST ASSIGNED LEVEL OR MINIMUM FLIGHT ALTITUDE IS REACHED; OR ii) THE TIME THE TRANSPONDER IS SET TO CODE 7600; OR iii) THE AIRCRAFTS FAILURE TO REPORT ITS POSITION OVER A COMPULSORY REPORTING POINT;

WHICHEVER IS LATER, AND THEREAFTER ADJUST LEVEL AND SPEED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FILED FLIGHT PLAN;

c) WHEN BEING RADAR VECTORED OR HAVING BEEN DIRECTED BY ATC TO PROCEED OFFSET USING RNAV WITHOUT A SPECIFIED LIMIT, REJOIN THE CURRENT FLIGHT PLAN ROUTE NO LATER THAN THE NEXT SIGNIFICANT POINT, TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION THE APPLICABLE MINIMUM FLIGHT ALTITUDE; D) PROCEED ACCORDING TO THE CURRENT FLIGHT PLAN ROUTE TO THE APPROPRIATE DESIGNATED NAVIGATION AID OR FIX SERVING THE DESTINATION AERODROME AND, WHEN REQUIRED TO ENSURE COMPLIANCE WITH E) BELOW, HOLD OVER THIS AID OR FIX UNTIL COMMENCEMENT OF DESCENT;

e) COMMENCE DESCENT FROM THE NAVIGATION AID OR FIX SPECIFIED IN D) AT, OR AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE TO, THE EXPECTED APPROACH TIME LAST RECEIVED AND ACKNOWLEDGED; OR, IF NO EXPECTED APPROACH TIME HAS BEEN RECEIVED AND ACKNOWLEDGED, AT, OR AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE TO, THE ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL RESULTING FROM THE CURRENT FLIGHT PLAN;

f) COMPLETE A NORMAL INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE AS SPECIFIED FOR THE DESIGNATED NAVIGATION AID OR FIX; AND
g) LAND, IF POSSIBLE, WITHIN 30 MINUTES AFTER THE ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL SPECIFIED IN E) OR THE LAST ACKNOWLEDGED EXPECTED APPROACH TIME, WHICHEVER IS LATER.

CONTROL OF AIRCRAFT WITH LIGHT SIGNALS

MOST EFFECTIVE MEANSRT NON AVAILABILITY OF RTLIGHT SIGNALS LIMITATIONS: -PILOTS ATTENTION -APPROVAL OR NON APPROVAL OF ANTICIPATED INTENTIONS OF PILOT -MAYNOT BE SEEN WHEN VEIWED IN DIRECTION OF SUN -CAN BE SEEN FROM THE LIMITED DIRECTION

CONTROL OF AIRCRAFT WITH LIGHT SIGNALS

COLOUR AND TYPE INSTRUCTIONS FROM TOWER TO AC ON GROUND STEADY GREEN SERIES OF GREEN FLASHES CLEARED FOR TAKE OFF CLEARED TO TAXI TO AC IN FLIGHT CLEARED TO LAND RETURN FOR LANDING

STEADY RED
SERIES OF RED SERIES OF WHITE FLASHES

STOP

GIVE WAY TO OTHER AC & CONTINUE CIRCLING

TAXI CLEAR OF LANDING AD UNSAFE, DO NOT AREA IN USE LAND RETURN TO STARTING POINT ON THE AD LAND AT THIS AD & PROCEED TO APRON

CONTROL OF AIRCRAFT WITH PYROTECHNIC SIGNALS

COLOUR AND TYPE OF SIGNAL INSTRUCTIONS FROM AD CONT TO AC IN FLIGHT SINGLE VEREY RED CARTRIDGE NOT WITHSTANDING PREVIOUS INST.DO NOT LAND FOR THE TIME BEING.GIVE WAY TO OTHER AC & CONTINUE CIRCLING AD UNSAFE,DO NOT LAND CLEARED TO LAND RETURN FOR LANDING GENERAL RECALL OR AS A HOMING AID

SERIES OF RED CARTRIDGE SINGLE GREEN CARTRIDGE SERIES OF GREEN CARTRIDGE SERIES OF WHITE CARTRIDGE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF AIRCRAFT
HRS OF DAYLIGHT HRS OF DARKNESS

IN FLIGHT

BY ROCKING ACS WINGS

FLASHING ON & OFF TWICE THE LANDING LIGHTS/NAV LIGHTS FLASHING ON & OFF TWICE THE LANDING LIGHTS/NAV LIGHTS

ON GROUND

BY MOVING ACS AILRONS OR RUDDER

VISUAL FLIGHT RULES

EXCEPT WHEN OPERATING AS A SPECIAL VFR FLIGHT, VFR FLIGHTS SHALL BE CONDUCTED SO THAT THE AIRCRAFT IS FLOWN IN CONDITIONSOF VISIBILTY AND DISTANCE FROM CLOUDS EQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN THE SPECIFIED MINIMA.

VISUAL FLIGHT RULES

VISUAL FLIGHT RULES

EXCEPT WHEN CLEARED BY AN ATC UNIT, VFR FLIGHT SHALL NOT TAKE OFF OR LAND AT AN AERODROME WITHIN A CONTROL ZONE, OR ENTER THE AERODROME TRAFFIC ZONE OR TRAFFIC PATTERN: (a) WHEN THE CEILING IS LESS THAN 450M (1500 FT);OR (b) WHEN THE GROUND VISIBILTY IS LESS THAN 5KM.

VISUAL FLIGHT RULES

UNLESS AUTHORISE BY APP ATS AUTHORITY, VFR FLIGHTS SHALL NOT BE OPERATED: (a) ABOVE FL 150/FL200 (b) AT TRANSONIC & SUPERSONIC SPEED (c) MORE THAN 100NM SEAWARDS FROM SHORELINE WITHIN CONTROLLED AIRSPACE

VISUAL FLIGHT RULES

AUTHORISATION FOR VFR FLTS SHALL NOT BE GRANTED IN RVSM AIRSPACE.

VISUAL FLIGHT RULES

MINIMUM HEIGHT RULES EXCEPT WHEN NECESSARY FOR TAKE OFF OR LANDING, OR EXCEPT BY PERMISSION FROM THE APP AUTH, A VFR FLIGHT SHALL NOT BE FLOWN:
(a) OVER THE CONGESTED AREAS OF CITIES,TOWN OR SETTLEMENT OR OVER AN OPEN AIR ASSEMBLY OF PERSONS AT A HEIGHT LESS THAN 300M(1000FT) ABOVE THE HIGHEST OBSTACLE WITHIN A RADIUS OF 600M FROM THE AIRCRAFT;

(b) ELSEWHERE, AT A HEIGHT LESS THAN 150M(500FT) ABOVE THE GROUND OR WATER.

VISUAL FLIGHT RULES

VFR FLT SHALL COMPLY WITH THE PROVISION OF ATCS: (a) WHEN OPERATING WITHIN CLASSES B,C & D AIRSPACE;

(b) WHEN FORMING PART OF AERODROME TRAFFIC AT CONTROLLED AERODROMES; OR

(c) WHEN OPERATED AS SVFR FLTS.

VISUAL FLIGHT RULES

A VFR FLT SHALL MAINTAIN CONTINUOUS AIRGROUND COMMN CHANNEL OF, AND REPORT ITS POSITION AS NECESSARY TO, THE AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES UNIT PROVIDING FLT INFORMATION SERVICE WHEN OPERATING IN: (a) THE DESIGNATED AREAS OR ROUTES TO FACILITATE THE PROVISION OF FIS, ALERTING & SAR SERVICES. (b) TO FACILITATE CO-ORDINATION WITH APP MIL UNITS OR ADJ ATS UNITS TO AVOID INTERCEPTION FOR IDENTIFICATION.

VISUAL FLIGHT RULES

VFR FLT WISHES TO CHANGE TO IFR FLIGHT, SHALL: IF FPL SUBMITTED, INFORM ATS UNIT IF REQUIRED, SUBMIT FPL TO APP ATS UNIT & OBTAIN CLEARANCE PRIOR TO PROCEEDING IFR WHEN IN CONTROLLED AIRSPACE.

INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES

INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES

AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT AIRCRAFT SHALL BE EQUIPPED WITH SUITABLE INSTRUMENTS AND WITH NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT APPROPRIATE TO THAT ROUTE TO BE FLOWN. ( ANNEX 6 TALKS ABOUT EQUPT TO BE CARRIED ON BOARD IFR AND VFR FLIGHT)

INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES

CHANGE FROM IFR FLIGHT TO VFR FLIGHT RULES APPLICABLE TO IFR FIGHTS WITHIN CONTROLLED AIRSPACE RULES APPLICABLE TO IFR FLIGHTS OUTSIDE THE CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
CRUISING LEVELS COMMUNICATIONS POSITION REPORTS

MINIMUM LEVELS
WHERE NO SUCH MINIMUM FLIGHT ALTITUDE HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED: OVER HIGH TERRAIN OR IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS, AT A LEVEL WHICH IS AT LEAST 600M (2000FT) ABOVE THE HIGHEST OBSTACLE LOCATED WITHIN 8 KM OF THE ESTIMATED POSITION OF THE AIRCRAFT ELSEWHERE THAN AS SPECIFIED ABOVE, AT A LEVEL WHICH IS AT LEAST 300M ( 1000 FT) ABOVE THE HIGHEST OBSTACLE LOCATED WITHIN 8 KM OF THE ESTIMATED POSITION OF THE AIRCRAFT.

CHANGE FROM IFR TO VFR

AN AIRCRAFT ELECTING TO CHANGE THE CONDUCT OF ITS FLIGHT FROM COMPLIANCE WITH THE INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES TO COMPLIANCE WITH THE VISUAL FLIGHT RULES SHALL, NOTIFY THE APPROPRIATE AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES UNIT SPECIFICALLY THAT THE IFR FLIGHT IS CANCELLED AND COMMUNICATE THE CHANGES TO BE MADE TO ITS CURRENT FLIGHT PLAN.

CHANGE FROM IFR TO VFR

WHEN AN AIRCRAFT OPERATING UNDER IFR IS FLOWN IN OR ENCOUNTERS VMC, IT SHALL NOT CANCEL ITS FLIGHT UNLESS IT IS ANTICIPATED, AND INTENDED, THAT THE FLIGHT WILL BE CONTINUED FOR A REASONABLE PERIOD OF TIME IN UNINTERRUPTED VMC.

RULES APPLICABLE TO IFR FLIGHTS IN CONTROLLED AIRSPACES

COMPLIANCE WITH ATCS

IFR FLIGHTS SHALL COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE WHEN OPERATED IN CONTROLLED AIRSPACES

RULES APPLICABLE TO IFR FLIGHTS IN CONTROLLED AIRSPACES

CRUISING LEVELS
AN IFR FLIGHT OPERATING IN CRUISING FLIGHT IN CONTROLLED AIRSPACE SHALL BE FLOWN AT A CRUISING LEVEL, OR IF AUTHORIZED TO EMPLOY CRUISE CLIMB TECHNIQUES, BETWEEN TWO LEVELS OR ABOVE A LEVEL, SELECTED FROM THE TABLE OF LEVELS,
EXCEPT THAT THE CORRELATION OF LEVELS TO TRACK PRESCRIBED THEREIN SHALL NOT APPLY WHENEVER OTHERWISE INDICATED IN ATC CLEARANCES OR SPECIFIED BY THE APPROPRIATE ATS AUTHORITY IN AIP.

OUT SIDE CONTROLLED AIRSPACES

CRUISING LEVELS: AN IFR FLIGHT OPERATING IN LEVEL CRUISING FLIGHT OUTSIDE OF CONTROLLED AIRSPACE SHALL BE FLOWN AT A CRUISING LEVEL APPROPRIATE TO ITS TRACK AS SPECIFIED IN THE TABLE OF CRUISING LEVELS.

OUT SIDE CONTROLLED AIRSPACES

COMMUNICATION: AN IFR FLIGHT OPERATING OUTSIDE CONTROLLED AIRSPACE BUT WITHIN OR INTO AREAS, OR ALONG ATS ROUTES, SHALL MAINTAIN A LISTENING WATCH ON THE APPROPRIATE RADIO FREQUENCY AND ESTABLISH TWO WAY COMMUNICATION AS NECESSARY WITH THE ATS UNIT PROVIDING FIS

OUT SIDE CONTROLLED AIRSPACES

POSITION REPORT: AN IFR FLIGHT OPERATING OUTSIDE CONTROLLED AIRSPACE SHALL MAINTAIN A LISTENING WATCH ON THE APPROPRIATE RADIO FREQUENCY AND ESTABLISH TWO WAY COMMUNICATION WITH THE ATS UNIT PROVIDING FIS AND SHALL REPORT POSITION AS SPECIFIED FOR CONTROLLED FLIGHTS. ALL IFR FLIGHTS SHALL COMPLY WITH THE PROCEDURE FOR AIR TRAFFIC ADVISORY SERVICE WHEN OPERATING IN ADVISORY AIRSPACE.