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    Traditional Vs Modern Grammar

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    Traditional grammar focuses on written forms, is based on Latin grammar, and emphasizes accuracy over fluency. It has rigid rules and a limited scope. Modern grammar is descriptive rather than prescriptive. It focuses on spoken language use, has a broader scope, and emphasizes both linguistic competence and communicative competence. While traditional grammar is static, modern grammar recognizes the fluid and changing nature of language over time.

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    Traditional Vs Modern Grammar

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    vanilla_42kp
    9K views57 pages
    Traditional grammar focuses on written forms, is based on Latin grammar, and emphasizes accuracy over fluency. It has rigid rules and a limited scope. Modern grammar is descriptive rather than prescriptive. It focuses on spoken language use, has a broader scope, and emphasizes both linguistic competence and communicative competence. While traditional grammar is static, modern grammar recognizes the fluid and changing nature of language over time.

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    Traditional vs Modern Grammar

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    Traditional vs Modern Grammar

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    Traditional grammar focuses on written forms, is based on Latin grammar, and emphasizes accuracy over fluency. It has rigid rules and a limited scope. Modern grammar is descriptive rather than prescriptive. It focuses on spoken language use, has a broader scope, and emphasizes both linguistic competence and communicative competence. While traditional grammar is static, modern grammar recognizes the fluid and changing nature of language over time.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    9K views57 pages

    Traditional Vs Modern Grammar

    Uploaded by

    vanilla_42kp
    Traditional grammar focuses on written forms, is based on Latin grammar, and emphasizes accuracy over fluency. It has rigid rules and a limited scope. Modern grammar is descriptive rather than prescriptive. It focuses on spoken language use, has a broader scope, and emphasizes both linguistic competence and communicative competence. While traditional grammar is static, modern grammar recognizes the fluid and changing nature of language over time.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 57
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that traditional grammar focuses more on written form and accuracy, while modern grammar focuses more on spoken language and fluency. Traditional grammar also had a more limited scope compared to modern grammar.

    Traditional grammar focuses more on written form, is more scientific and rigid, and has a limited scope. Modern grammar focuses more on spoken language, is more flexible and broad in scope, and emphasizes fluency over accuracy.

    The main concepts of inter-elemental grammar according to traditional grammar are: subject as head of sentence, predicate being like a verb phrase, and object denoting involvement in the subject's action.

    Traditional Grammar vs.

    Modern Grammar
    Presented to:

    Prof. Asif Ikram Sahib

    Presented by: Khurram

    Piracha

    Difference between the animal communication and Human communication is

    GRAMMAR

    Traditional
    Modern

    Grammar

    Grammar

    Grammar

    is the set of structural rules that govern the composition of clauses , phrases, and words in any given natural language.

    Its

    most known approach is the traditional grammar

    In linguistics, traditional grammar is a framework for the description of the structure of language.

    Many

    of those ideas & rules were based on Latin grammar. Latin was assumed as the respected scientific language in the 15th 17th Centuries.
    Its modern name is Latin Oriented Model

    Traditional Grammar

    morphology
    But

    syntax
    (More emphasis)

    semantics

    excludes Phonology

    The approach to language was developed through:


    Ancient

    Greeks and Romans

    Aristotle (Poetics) & Plato(sentence structure , parts of speech) Middle Ages


    Ideas about meanings from scholastic debates Vernacular English 16th century

    Chaucer gave a new dimension to language.

    17th

    of philosophical controversies b/w rationalists and imperialists) Ideas about relationship between language and mind 18th century

    century(age

    Ideas about correctness in language

    19th

    century

    * Emphasis on comparative philogy(study of words)

    Traditional

    grammar distinguishes between the grammar of the elements that constitute a sentence (i.e. inter-elemental) and the grammar within sentence elements (i.e. intra-elemental).

    Subject Predicate Object Sentence Clause Phrase

    Concepts

    of inter-elemental grammar for the English language

    Subject

    as head Predicate much like a verb phrase Object Denotes somebodys involvement in subjects performance.

    Sentence

    Contain functions & content words to clarify meanings Clause is a pair of group of words that contain sub+predicate Phrase is a group of words functioning as a single unit in the syntax of a sentence.

    Phrase
    verb obj train

    Clause
    sub Jack pred took the train

    took the

    Nouns Verbs Pronouns

    Adjectives
    Adverbs Conjunctions Articles Prepositions Interjections

    is

    used to refer to people (boy), objects (bag), creatures (dog), places (school), qualities (honesty) , phenomena (earthquake) and abstract ideas (love).

    2.Pronouns
    are

    words which used in place of noun phrases.

    Kinds of pronouns personal (I, you, he, etc.) possessive (my, mine, etc.) reflexive (myself, himself etc.) relative (who, which, that etc.) interrogative (who, what, which etc.) demonstrative (this, that; e.g. Drink this.)

    Are

    used to refer to various kinds of actions (go, run, talk) and states (be, have). Linking verbs: * Links subjects to noun or an adjective in the predicate part of the sentence. e.g. is, are, was, were, am, been, will..

    Are

    used to describe nouns and provide more information, having degrees: Comparative (happier) Superlative (happiest)

    5.Preposition
    Relates

    a noun to pronoun to another word in a sentence,e.g: In, or, with, to, above etc.

    6.Article
    are words used with nouns to form noun phrases classifying and identifying them. This minute category contains only the definite article (the) and the indefinite article (a, an).

    7.Conjuctions
    Connects words and individual group of words. It indicates the relationships between events e.g: and, but, neither-nor, either-or, that, etc.

    Are

    typically used with verbs, to provide more information about action, states and events Adverbs of time: yesterday Adverbs of manner: roughly, gently Adverbs of place: upward, downstairs

    9.Interjection
    Words

    or phrases used to express strong emotions or surprises. e.g. Wow!, Alas!, Hurrah! etc.

    Traditional

    English grammar is largely based on Latin grammar, not on current linguistics research. Traditional grammarians considered Latin as their model because English is a part of the IndoEuropean family of languages, and to which Latin and Greek also belong having similar grammatical elements. It distinguishes rational, emotional, and conventional types of discourse in theory, if not in grammatical practice.

    Through

    It, ordinary students and scholars have mastered many languages successfully for centuries.

    Inadequate
    Full

    of short comings

    Mainly

    based on Latin and Greek

    It

    does not distinguish between all the linguistic levels Phonetic: The articulation and perception of speech sounds Descriptive:

    Rules

    are illogical Unable to differentiate between The girl is weeping & The weeping girl Disadvantages of grammar rules Memory Time Inconsistent Neglects functional and social varieties of languages

    Gives

    priority to the written forms of the language Ignores the spokenform

    Ignores

    the fact of change in language

    It

    cannot resolve the ambiguity existing in the grammatical forms.

    Examples:
    He

    loves her more than you. The lady hit the man with an umbrella. He gave her cat food.

    Methods

    are inadequate, incomplete and inconsistent.

    Despite

    the fact that traditional grammar has limitations and weaknesses, T.G is still a crucial unit of English language. Thus there is no need for whole scale change, it surely needs to be mended rather than ended.

    Deep structure and surface structure


    In 1957, Noam Chomsky published Syntactic Structures, in which he developed the idea that each sentence in a language has two levels of representation a deep structure and a surface structure.

    Development of basic concepts


    Deep Structure and Surface Structure (LF Logical Form, and PF Phonetic Form) A generative grammar models only the knowledge that underlies the human ability to speak and understand. Most of this knowledge is innate.

    Innate linguistic knowledge

    Grammatical theories
    The distinction between competence and performance The evaluation of theories of grammar

    I language & E language


    In 1986, Chomsky proposed a distinction between I-Language and E-Language I-Language is taken to be the object of study in linguistic theory

    E-Language

    encompasses all other notions of what a language is

    Grammaticality
    Chomsky argued that the notions "grammatical and "ungrammatical" could be defined in a meaningful and useful way

    Minimalism
    Economy

    of derivation is a principle stating that movements (i.e., transformations) only occur in order to match interpretable features with uninterpretable features.
    of representation is the principle that grammatical structures must exist for a purpose.

    Economy

    Transformations
    The

    usual usage of the term 'transformation' in linguistics refers to a rule that takes an input typically called the Deep Structure (in the Standard Theory) or D-structure (in the extended standard theory or government and binding theory) and changes it in some restricted way to result in a Surface Structure (or S-structure). In TGG, Deep structures were generated by a set of phrase structure rules.

    Traditional grammar
    prescriptive

    Modern

    grammar
    Descriptive

    Focus

    on written form Scientific

    Focus

    on spoken form Unscientific

    Accuracy linguistic competence limited Scope

    Fluency
    Communicative

    competence broader Scope

    Prescriptive

    Grammar refers to the structure of a language, as certain people think it should be used. Grammar refers to the structure of a language as it is actually used by speakers and writers.

    Descriptive

    Perspective

    Descriptive I dont have any You were wrong

    I dont have none You was wrong

    Sana is fatter than me

    Sana is fatter than I

    Focus

    on written

    Focus

    on spoken

    form
    Scientific

    form
    Unscientific

    It follows the rigidity of rules and regulations. It is formed by the grammarians. Limited scope

    It is flexible, easily changed by native speaker.

    Broader

    scope

    Accuracy

    is emphasized more than fluency. They said that their should be accuracy rather than fluency. Fluency in modern grammar fluency is emphasized and they think that weather student do mistakes while speaking but he should be fluent.

    Linguistic

    competence

    is the spontaneous, flexible and correct manipulations of the language system. without linguistics competence, there is no communicative competence.

    Communicative

    competence It involves principles of appropriateness and a readiness on the part of learner to use relevant strategies in coping with certain language situations.

    There

    is a school of thought however that differentiates between traditional and modern grammar. While traditional grammar is static and does not change, modern grammar is the amorphous, fluid shifting of the rules of grammar over time.

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