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Psychopathology

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BIOLOGICAL

NEUROSTRUCTURAL

BIOCHEMICAL
Hyper polarizing functions of inhibitory neurotransmitters are diminished

NEURODEVELOPMENTAL

Increase in the volume of the lateral ventricles

Stressful Event
Abnormality in the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis

Disturbance to early brain development

Decrease in Na, K-ATPase Activity

Abnormal modulation between ventral prefrontal and limbic regions

Brain damage Risk of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Stress threshold is lower

Less stimulation needed to trigger depolarization

Poor emotional regulation

Mood changes occur

Neuron fires easily

Action potential loses amplitude

Mood symptoms

Decreased activity in Ca Channels Decreased neurotransmitter release


DEPRESSION

Still a Decrease in Na, K-ATPase Activity

Irritable Neural Membranes Fewer stimuli needed to provide cell firing

Na accumulates inside cell

Increased norepinephrine and serotonin secretion due to perceived deficiency in Na-dependent calcium efflux of the pre-synaptic terminals

MANIA

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