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    Structural and Thermodynamic Analysis of Whiskers On The Surface of Grey Cast Iron

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    Aleš Nagode
    The paper focuses, first, on the characterization of the whiskers on the surface of grey cast iron and second, it gives an explanation of whiskers growth based on thermodynamic calculations. The whiskers were observed on the surface of hot plates for the electric stove after black-oxide-coating (blackening) performed the furnace at 650 °C in order to produce a protective layer mainly of magnetite (Fe3O4). However, the whiskers caused brown spots on dark grey surface and thus, the surface was aesthetically damaged. The investigations confirmed that whiskers are of hematite (Fe2O3); however, the thermodynamic calculations present that hematite may be formed as a result of the oxidation of magnetite if the partial pressure of oxygen is increased during the blackening.

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    Structural and Thermodynamic Analysis of Whiskers On The Surface of Grey Cast Iron

    Uploaded by

    Aleš Nagode
    37 views2 pages
    The paper focuses, first, on the characterization of the whiskers on the surface of grey cast iron and second, it gives an explanation of whiskers growth based on thermodynamic calculations. The whiskers were observed on the surface of hot plates for the electric stove after black-oxide-coating (blackening) performed the furnace at 650 °C in order to produce a protective layer mainly of magnetite (Fe3O4). However, the whiskers caused brown spots on dark grey surface and thus, the surface was aesthetically damaged. The investigations confirmed that whiskers are of hematite (Fe2O3); however, the thermodynamic calculations present that hematite may be formed as a result of the oxidation of magnetite if the partial pressure of oxygen is increased during the blackening.

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    STRUCTURAL AND THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF WHISKERS ON THE SURFACE OF GREY CAST IRON

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    The paper focuses, first, on the characterization of the whiskers on the surface of grey cast iron and second, it gives an explanation of whiskers growth based on thermodynamic calculations. The whiskers were observed on the surface of hot plates for the electric stove after black-oxide-coating (blackening) performed the furnace at 650 °C in order to produce a protective layer mainly of magnetite (Fe3O4). However, the whiskers caused brown spots on dark grey surface and thus, the surface was aesthetically damaged. The investigations confirmed that whiskers are of hematite (Fe2O3); however, the thermodynamic calculations present that hematite may be formed as a result of the oxidation of magnetite if the partial pressure of oxygen is increased during the blackening.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    37 views2 pages

    Structural and Thermodynamic Analysis of Whiskers On The Surface of Grey Cast Iron

    Uploaded by

    Aleš Nagode
    The paper focuses, first, on the characterization of the whiskers on the surface of grey cast iron and second, it gives an explanation of whiskers growth based on thermodynamic calculations. The whiskers were observed on the surface of hot plates for the electric stove after black-oxide-coating (blackening) performed the furnace at 650 °C in order to produce a protective layer mainly of magnetite (Fe3O4). However, the whiskers caused brown spots on dark grey surface and thus, the surface was aesthetically damaged. The investigations confirmed that whiskers are of hematite (Fe2O3); however, the thermodynamic calculations present that hematite may be formed as a result of the oxidation of magnetite if the partial pressure of oxygen is increased during the blackening.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Fig.1 Fe-O phase diagram, and partial pressure of oxygen at 400 C, 600 C, 800 C and 1000 C.

    For the calculation of particular phase diagram, Fig.1, the data for pure elements were taken from Dinsdale [1], for the substances data from Ansara [2]. Thermodynamic assessments on the Fe-O phase diagram were done by Sundman [3] and Selleby and Sundman [4]. The calculation of the phase diagram was done using Thermo-Calc software (TCW5). The calculations were performed using eq.1 and eq. 2. The activity of oxygen was taken to be 1 as in the case of pure metal. The equation for oxidation of pure metal is given with eq.1:

    2u 2 Me( s ) + O2 = Meu Ov ( s ) v v eq.1

    1 G = G 0 + RT ln po2 (eq.) = G 0 RT ln po2 (eq.)

    eq.2

    Where G and G 0 represents change in Gibbs free energy and standard free energy of formation. R is the gas constant (8.3144 Jmol -1K-1), T temperature (K) and po 2 (eq.) (atm) is equilibrium (dissociation) pressure of iron oxide. The calculations were done for equilibrium conditions, G = 0 . Constant isobars at specific temperatures revealed large variations of dissociation pressures of iron oxides existing between different oxide regions. So, proper heating and cooling conditions (with controlled partial pressure-oxygen content inside the gas reservoir) are needed for controlled growth of oxides. If the value po 2 for a given atmosphere under consideration lies under the dissociation pressure of iron oxide po 2 (eq.) , this oxide will dissociate into the oxygen and metal. On the contrary, if the value po2 lies above the dissociation pressure of iron oxide po 2 (eq.) , then the iron oxide is stable.

    1 A.T. Dinsdale, SGTE Data for Pure elements, Calphad 15 (1991) 4 p.317-425 2 I. Ansara, SGTE substance database (2000) 3 B. Sundman, J.Phase Eq. 12 (1991), p. 127-140 4 M. Selleby and B Sundman, Calphad 20 (1996), p. 381-392

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