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Introduction To Irrigation Engineering

Irrigation engineering involves applying water to soil to support plant growth. Ancient civilizations in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and other areas relied on irrigation, with Egypt building one of the world's oldest dams over 5,000 years ago. Modern challenges for irrigation engineers include depletion of natural resources, soil salinization, and declining productivity. New technologies now allow more precise irrigation scheduling and control, while civil engineers work on water storage, conveyance, and drainage. The purposes of irrigation include providing drought insurance, modifying temperatures, and supporting soil microorganisms. Sources of moisture for plant growth include precipitation, flood water, ground water, and atmospheric water.

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70 views

Introduction To Irrigation Engineering

Irrigation engineering involves applying water to soil to support plant growth. Ancient civilizations in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and other areas relied on irrigation, with Egypt building one of the world's oldest dams over 5,000 years ago. Modern challenges for irrigation engineers include depletion of natural resources, soil salinization, and declining productivity. New technologies now allow more precise irrigation scheduling and control, while civil engineers work on water storage, conveyance, and drainage. The purposes of irrigation include providing drought insurance, modifying temperatures, and supporting soil microorganisms. Sources of moisture for plant growth include precipitation, flood water, ground water, and atmospheric water.

Uploaded by

Hundeejireenya
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Irrigation Engineering

CHAPTER 1

What is Irrigation Engineering


Irrigation is the application of water to the soil for

the purpose of supplying the moisture essential for plant growth

Historical perspectives
Ancient civilizations rose over irrigated areas Egypt claims having the world's oldest dam, 108m

long, 12m high, built 5,000 years ago 6,000 years ago, Mesopotamia supported as many as 25 million people. The same land today with similar population depends on imported wheat for food

Challenges for Irrigation and drainage engineers


Depletion of natural resources (soil and water) Salinization of soil Lower productivity of soil: tax records from

Mesopotamia barely yields were 2500L/ha, now only to this value. Dissertification

Irrigation & technology


Hi-tech control: tensiometers, controls and

automation of irrigation and water application. Use of remote sensing for irrigation scheduling and prediction of yield New job oppurtunities

Role of Civil Engineers


The supply of water at farm turnout Water storage Water conveyance

Supplying water WHEN needed and by the

QUANTITY needed irrigation scheduling Drainage: surface and sub-surface

Purposes of Irrigation
Providing insurance against short duration droughts Reducing the hazard of frost (increase the

temperature of the plant) Reducing the temperature during hot spells Washing or diluting salts in the soil Softening tillage pans and clods. Delaying bud formation by evaporative cooling Promoting the function of some micro organisms

Sources of Moisture for Plant Growth

Precipitation (includes rain, hail, snow): Frequency Intensity Depth


Atmospheric water Flood water Ground water

Terms
Deficit irrigation Supplemental irrigation

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