Inside Out

Pre-intermediate Companion
German Edition
Sue Kay, Vaughan Jones & Jill Leatherbarrow

New

Welcome to the New Inside Out Pre-intermediate Companion!

What information does the New Inside Out Companion give you? a summary of key words and phrases from each unit of New Inside Out Pre-intermediate Students Book pronunciation of the key words and phrases translations of the key words and phrases sample sentences showing the words and phrases in context a summary of the Grammar Extra Reference from New Inside Out Pre-intermediate Students Book

Abbreviations used in the Companion (art) article (v) verb (v*) irregular verb (adj) adjective (n) noun (phr v) phrasal verb (pron) pronoun (prep) preposition (det) determiner (f) feminine (m) masculine (pl n) plural noun (adv) adverb (conj) conjunction

VOWELS AND DIPHTHONGS

// /:/ // /u:/ /e/ // /:/ /:/ // //
big fish green beans should look blue moon ten eggs about mother learn words short talk fat cat must come

CONSONANTS
/:/ // // /e/ // // // /e/ /a/ /a/
calm start hot spot ear face pure boy nose hair eye mouth

/bg f/ /gri:n bi:nz/ /d lk/ /blu: mu:n/ /ten egz/ /bat m/ /l:n w:dz/ /:t t:k/ /ft kt/ /mst km/

/k:m st:t/ /ht spt/ // /fes/ /b/ /nz/ /he/ /a/ /ma/ /pj /

/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /f/ /v/ // //

pen bad tea dog church jazz cost girl far voice thin then

/pen/ /bd/ /ti:/ /dg/ /t:t/ /dz/ /kst/ /g:l/ /f: / /n/ /en/ /vs/

/s/ /z/ // // /m/ /n/ // /h/ /l/ /r/ /w/ /j/

snake noise shop measure make nine sing house leg red wet yes

/snek/ /nz/ /p/ /me / /mek/ /nan/ /s/ /has/ /leg/ /red/ /wet/ /jes/

Unit 1 (p. 4)
about (30/50/60 etc) (prep) actually (adv) (TS) /kuli/ brigens; eigentlich amaze (v) /mez/ verblffen; erstaunen at least banker (n) /bk/ Bankier break the law /brek l/ breeze (n) call (v) /kl/ gegen das Gesetz verstoen Brise (1) nennen (2) anrufen

/bat/

ungefhr; circa

How old is Ben? I think hes about 30. My friends call me Ben. Actually my old friends call me Tree. President Roosevelt amazed his staff by remembering nearly everyones name. Repeat the name in your head at least three times. A banker is someone who has an important job in a bank. If you break the law, you do something that is illegal. A breeze is a light, gentle wind. (Sense 1) My English friends call me Marie. (Sense 2) I can always call Dave if Im feeling down. When you meet someone for the first time, listen carefully to their name. Choosing a name for your child is an important decision. A close friend is a friend you like a lot and spend a lot of time with. Choosing a name for your child is an important decision. Bankers earn a lot of money and are very rich. When you exercise your brain, you think hard in order to remember or do something. Its fashionable to choose names of places for childrens names. When Im feeling down, I can always talk to him. If youre too focused on yourself, you wont remember peoples names. When people follow a trend, they do something because it is fashionable.

/t list/

wenigstens

/briz/

carefully (adv) /kefli/ aufmerksam choose (v) /uz/ whlen close friend (n) /kls frend/ guter Freund decision (n) /dsn/ Entscheidung earn (v) exercise (v) /ekssaz/ ben; trainieren fashionable (adj) /fnbl/ Mode; modern feel down (TS) be focused on yourself /bi fkst n jself/

/n/

verdienen

/fil dan/

sich schlecht fhlen auf sich selber konzentriert sein

follow a trend /fl trend/ einem Trend folgen

forehead (n) /frd; fhed/ Stirn friendly (adj) have a go hear of (phr v)

President Roosevelt visualised the name on the persons forehead. Someone who is friendly is easy to talk to. Its important to participate in class and have a go. Have you ever heard of anyone called Sky, Rain or River? Your name is how you identify yourself and how other people identify you. His initials are CDCharles Denroche. Do you enjoy telling jokes at parties? A good language learner practises a lot. Someone who is left-handed writes with their left hand. What do you like best in class reading, writing, speaking or listening? Dont name your child after your local pizza restaurant or shopping mall! A womans maiden name is her surname before she was married. Remembering peoples names always makes a good impression. Does your name have a special meaning? Something memorable about a persons appearance is something that is easy to remember about the way they look. Ive got a bad memory I can never remember new vocabulary. Someone who is middle-aged is between about 45 and 55. Madonna named her daughter Lourdes. She named her daughter Lourdes after the town in France. Names like Sky, River and Rain all come from nature. Write new vocabulary in a notebook. Nowadays a lot of people name their children after famous people.

/frendli/

freundlich einfach versuchen hren von

/hv g/ /hr v/ /nl/

identify (v) /adentfa/ identifizieren initial (n) joke (n) learner (n) left-handed (adj) Initial Witz Lerner Linkshnder

/k/ /ln/ /lefthndd/

like best /lak best/ am liebsten mgen local (adj) /lkl/ lokal maiden name (n) /medn nem/ Mdchenname make a good impression /mek gd mpren/ meaning (n) einen guten Eindruck machen Bedeutung

memorable (adj) /mem()rbl/ unvergesslich memory (n) /mem()ri/ Gedchtnis middle-aged (adj) name (v)

/min/

/mdled/ /nem/

mittleren Alters nennen jmd nach jmd/ etwas nennen Natur Notizbuch

name sb after sb/sth (phr v) /nem ft/ nature (n) notebook (n)

/ne/

nowadays (adv) /nadez/ heutzutage

/ntbk/

original (adj)

parking ticket (n) /pk tkt/ Strafzettel pay attention /pe tenn/ aufpassen popular (adj) Really? /rli/ Wirklich recent (adj) /risnt/ record (v) religious (adj) remember (v) vor kurzem durchgefhrt aufzeichnen religis sich erinnern an pensioniert; im Ruhestand

/rn()l/

originell

People with unusual or original names often feel special. Unfortunately when we got back to the car, we had a parking ticket! The first step in remembering someones name is to pay attention. Beyonc and Britney were popular names a few years ago. We went to a fabulous new restaurant in town. Really? What is it called? A recent survey showed that people with unusual names feel special. Its a good idea to record new words in a notebook. Mary is a religious name. Do you find it easy to remember peoples names? Someone who is retired no longer works.

/ppjl/

populr

/rkd/

/rls/

retired (adj) /rtad/

/rmemb/

review (v) /rvju/ berprfen shopping mall (n) /p ml/ Einkaufspassage shy (adj) /a/ schchtern side of the family /sad v fmli/ Seite der Familie speak out (phr v) /spik at/ sich melden; seine Meinung sagen

Its important to record and constantly review new language. A shopping mall is a very large building with a lot of shops. Someone who is shy feels nervous when they are with other people. Which side of the family is bigger your mothers side or your fathers side? People who are shy find it difficult to speak out in class. President Roosevelt amazed his staff by remembering nearly everyones name. Dave and I stay in touch by email and phone. What are the four easy steps for remembering someones name? Someone who is stressed is worried or nervous because they have a lot of problems. Do you watch English DVDs with English subtitles?

staff (n) /stf/ Personal; Mitarbeiter stay in touch (TS) step (n) /step/ Schritt stressed (adj) /strest/ gestresst subtitles (n pl)

/ste n t/

in Kontakt bleiben

/sbtatlz/

Untertiteln

survey (n) /sve/ Umfrage taste (v) the past (n) / pst/ die Vergangenheit train (v) /tren/ trainieren trend (n) /trend/ Trend typical (adj) unfortunately (adv) /nf()ntli/ leider unusual (adj) visualise (v) /vlaz/ visualisieren wonder (v) /wnd/ sich fragen

A recent survey showed that people with unusual names feel special. The sushi is fantastic the best Ive ever tasted! In the past parents named their children after family relatives. Learning new words is a good way of training your memory. Nowadays naming children after places has become a trend. Pedro is a typical Spanish name. Unfortunately when we got back to the car, we had a parking ticket! Do you prefer names that are unusual and original? President Roosevelt visualised the name on the persons forehead. I wonder if everyone with an unusual or original name feels special.

/test/

kosten

/tpkl/

typisch

/njul/

ungewhnlich

Family members
aunt (n) boyfriend (n) brother (n)

Familienmitglieder
/ant/
Tante Freund Bruder Your aunt is the sister of your mother or father. Does Marie have a boyfriend? I dont know. Maries brother calls her Baby. Your brother-in-law is the brother of your husband or wife. Some people name their children after famous people. Your cousins are the children of your aunt or uncle. Madonna named her daughter Lourdes, after the town in France. Your ex-husband is the man you are divorced from. Your ex-wife is the woman you are divorced from. Your father is your male parent. Your father-in-law is your wifes or husbands father. Dave listened to me when I had girlfriend problems.

/bfrend/ /br/

brother-in-law (n) /brnl/ Schwager child (n)/children (pl) cousin (n)

daughter (n) /dt/ Tochter ex-husband (n) ex-wife (n) father (n) father-in-law (n) girlfriend (n)

/kzn/

/ald/ldrn/

Kind/Kinder Cousin; Cousine

/ekshzbnd/ /ekswaf/ /fa/

Ex-Mann Ex-Frau Vater Schwiegervater Freundin

/glfrend/

/fanl/

granddaughter (n) /grndt/ Enkelin grandfather (n) grandmother (n) /grnm/ Gromutter grandson (n) great grandfather (n) /gret grnfa/ Urgrovater great grandmother (n) /gret grnm/ Urgromutter half-brother (n) /hafbr/ Halbbruder half-sister (n) /hafsst/ Halbschwester mother (n) mother-in-law (n) nephew (n) niece (n)

Your granddaughter is the daughter of your son or daughter. Your grandfather is the father of your mother or father. Your grandmother is the mother of your mother or father. Your grandson is the son of your daughter or son. Your great-grandfather is the father of your grandmother or grandfather. Your great-grandmother is the mother of your grandmother or grandfather. A half-brother is a brother who has either the same mother or the same father as you. A half-sister is a sister who has either the same mother or the same father as you. Your mother is your female parent. Your mother-in-law is your wifes or husbands mother. Your nephew is a son of your brother or sister. Your niece is a daughter of your brother or sister. In the past, parents named their children after important family relatives. Your partner is the person you live with but who you are not married to. Your relatives are the people in your family. Bens sisters call him Big Ben. Your sister-in-law is the sister of your husband or wife. David and Victoria Beckham named their son Brooklyn after an area in New York. Your stepfather is your mothers second husband. Your stepmother is your fathers second wife. A twin is one of two children born at the same time to the same mother. Your uncle is the brother of your father or mother.

/grnfa/ /grnsn/

Grovater

Enkel(sohn)

/m/

Mutter Schwiegermutter Neffe Nichte

/mnl/ /nefju/ /nis/

parents (n pl) /pernts/ Eltern partner (n) /patn/ Partner(in) relative (n) sister (n) sister-in-law (n)

/reltv/ /sst/ /sstnl/

Verwandte(r) Schwester Schwgerin

son (n) /sn/ Sohn stepfather (n) stepmother (n)

/stepfa/

Stiefvater Stiefmutter

twin (n) /twn/ Zwilling uncle (n)

/stepm/ /kl/

Onkel

Unit 2 (p.12)
adventure (n) /dven/ Abenteuer air conditioning (n) /e kndn/ Klimaanlage architecture (n) buzzing (adj) contrast (n) If youre looking for adventure, dont go to Dahab its quiet there. Its hot in summer, but fortunately my office has air conditioning. The architecture in Rio is a mixture of old and new. Reykjavik is small but the nightlife is buzzing. Iceland is a land of ice and fire full of contrasts. The currency of a country is the type of money that is used there. We went to a disco at 2.00 a.m. and were surprised to see only a few people on the dance floor. In Shanghai you can eat delicious noodles in the street. You can go diving in the Red Sea if you like! They do everything wrong here, but the quality of life is great! Win a Dream Holiday for two in our competition! Argentinian people are loud, energetic and really good fun. The quality of life is great and people know how to enjoy themselves. Its important to get enough sleep. Do you like holidays with excitement, adventure and parties? Now I understand why people fall in love with Africa. Iceland is a land of contrasts -- of ice and fire. Flamingos are tall pink birds that live near water. The air in Iceland is freezing but the springs are very hot. Africa is great and I want to go back there.

/bz/

/aktek/ /kntrast/

Architektur aufregend Kontrast; Gegensatz

currency (n) /krnsi/ Whrung dance floor (n) /dans fl/ Tanzflche delicious (adj) go diving

/dls/

lecker tauchen gehen

do everything wrong /du evri r/ alles falsch machen dream holiday (n) energetic (adj) (TS) /enetk/ energisch enjoy yourself (v refl) /n jself/ sich amsieren enough (det.) excitement (n) /ksatmnt/ Aufregung fall in love (with) fire (n) flamingo (n) freezing (adj) go back (phr v)

/g dav/

/drim hlde/

Traumurlaub

/nf/

genug

/fl n lv/ /fa/ /flmg/ /friz/ /g bk/

sich verlieben (in) Feuer Flamingo eiskalt zurckkehren

good fun (TS) /gd fn/ lustig hate (v) (TS) hippo (n) /hp/ Flusspferd hot springs (n pl) /ht sprz/ heie Quellen ice (n) island (n)

Argentinian people are loud, energetic and really good fun. I really hate living here. Its horrible. Hippos are large African animals with thick, grey skin that live near rivers. Hot springs consist of hot water that comes up from under the ground. Iceland is a land of contrasts of ice and fire. An island is an area of land that is surrounded by water. My parents live in Hollywood. Really? No, Im kidding, they live near South Beach. There are too many tourists. Why dont they leave us in peace? A lion is a large African animal with golden fur. Iceland is a long way from the rest of Europe but its very up-to-date.

/het/

hassen

/as/

Eis Insel

Im kidding. /am kd/ Ich mache nur Spa. leave sb in peace (TS) /liv smbdi n pis/ jmd in Ruhe lassen lion (n) be a long way from /bi l we frm/

/alnd/

/lan/

Lwe weit weg von etwas sein

lucky (adj) /lki/ Glck haben a mixture of nightlife (n) /natlaf/ Nachtleben noodles (n pl) on your own (TS) originally (adv)

Were lucky with our hotel its near the city centre and we have a fantastic view. The architecture in Rio is a mixture of old and new. There are lots of discos and clubs here the nightlife is great! In Shanghai you can eat delicious noodles in the street. Emma flew to Buenos Aires on her own. I live in New York but Im originally from England. Im not really interested in nightlife I prefer peace and quiet. In Rio there are plenty of restaurants, cafs and bars. The quality of life is great and people know how to enjoy themselves. You can go diving or just relax on the beach. The scenery in Africa is spectacular. The bus is very crowded but I usually get a seat.

/ mksr v/ /nudlz/

eine Mischung aus

Nudeln allein ursprnglich

/n jr n/ /rn()li/ /plenti v/ /rlks/ /sinri/ /sit/

peace and quiet /pis n kwat/ Ruhe und Frieden plenty of (TS) eine Vielzahl quality of life (n) /kwlti v laf/ Lebensqualitt relax (v) scenery (n) seat (n) sich entspannen Landschaft Sitzplatz

shop till you drop /p tl j drp/ spectacular (adj)

einkaufen, bis man zu mde wird atemberaubend

If you shop till you drop, you shop for a long time until you feel very tired. In Africa the scenery is spectacular.

traffic (n) /trfk/ Verkehr have trouble doing sth up-to-date (adj) welcome (n) welcoming (adj)

/spektkjl/

Everyone has a car nowadays and theres too much traffic on the roads. We went out to dinner at 11.30 p.m. and had trouble getting a table. A place that is up-to-date is modern and exciting. In Dahab, youll find the best welcome in Egypt. African people are friendly and welcoming. Shanghai is, without a doubt, the best place on earth for shopping!

/hv trbl du sm/ /ptdet/ /welkm/

Schwierigkeiten haben, etwas zu tun aktuell; up to date Willkommen; Begrung gastfreundlich

without a doubt /wat dat/ ohne Zweifel

/welkm/

Adjectives to describe places Adjektive, die eineN Ort beschreiben

beautiful (adj) /bjutfl/ schn big (adj) boring (adj) clean (adj) The countryside is beautiful and the air is lovely and clean. Paulo loves Rio he thinks its big and exciting. Armelle thinks the village is dull and boring at night. The countryside is beautiful and the air is lovely and clean. Venice is very noisy and crowded, especially in the summer. The canals in Venice are so dirty and polluted. I find it dull here there arent any discos or cinemas. Why do you like Rio? Its big and exciting. Because of the tourists, the shops are too expensive. Win a dream holiday in one of these fabulous destinations! I dont like Rio much in the summer; its too hot and humid. Whats the weather like? Its hot and humid. In big cities, there are lots of interesting places to visit. The air in the countryside is lovely and clean.

/bg/

gro langweilig sauber

/br/ /klin/

crowded (adj) /kradd/ berfllt dirty (adj) dull (adj) exciting (adj) expensive (adj)

/dti/ /dl/ /ksat/

schmutzig langweilig aufregend teuer

fabulous (adj) /fbjls/ fabelhaft hot (adj) /ht/ hei humid (adj) interesting (adj) lovely (adj)

/kspensv/

/hjumd/ /lvli/

feucht interessant wunderschn

/ntrst/

modern (adj)

noisy (adj) /nzi/ laut polluted (adj) romantic (adj) /rmntk/ romantisch small (adj) spectacular (adj)

/md()n/ /plutd/ /sml/

modern

Shanghai is a modern, up-to-date city. There are too many tourists. It gets very noisy and crowded. The canals in Venice are very dirty and polluted. A lot of people think Venice is a special place a very romantic city. Armelle lives in a small village with her parents. The view of the city from our hotel room is spectacular.

verschmutzt

klein spektakulr

/spektkjl/

Compass directions Kompassrichtungen

centre (n) north (n/adj) north-east (n/adj)

/sent/ /n/ /nist/ /sa/

Mitte; Zentrum Norden; nrdlich Nordosten; nordstlich Nordwesten; nordwestlich Sden; sdlich Sdosten; sdstlich Sdwesten; sdwestlich Osten; stlich Westen; westlich

Ankara is in the centre of Turkey. Hollywood is north of Los Angeles. Manchester is just north-east of Liverpool. Manchester and Liverpool are in the north-west of England. Los Angeles is south of Hollywood. London is in the south-east of England. Cornwall is a region in the south-west of England. Berlin is in the east of Germany. Los Angeles is on the west coast of the USA.

north-west (n/adj) /nwest/ south (n/adj) south-east (n/adj) south-west (n/adj) east (n/adj) west (n/adj)

/saist/ /ist/

/sawest/ /west/

Places in a city Orte in einer Stadt

art gallery (n) bar (n) beach (n) bridge (n) canal (n)

/t gl()ri/ /b/ /bi/

Kunstgalerie Bar; Kneipe Strand Brcke Kanal

Paris has a lot of wonderful museums and art galleries. There are lots of interesting cafs and bars in Rio. Copacabana Beach is the most famous beach in the world. The Rialto Bridge is a very famous bridge in Venice. In Venice the canals are dirty and polluted. It can be difficult to park in big cities as the car parks are often full. Theres a very famous castle in Edinburgh on top of a hill. A cathedral is a very big church in a city.

/br/

car park (n) /k pk/ Parkplatz castle (n) cathedral (n)

/knl/

/ksl/

Burg; Schloss Kathedrale

/kidrl/

church (n) // Kirche fountain (n) /fantn/ Brunnen high-rise buildings (n pl) /ha raz bldz/ Hochhuser hill (n) library (n) /labrri/ Bibliothek mosque (n) museum (n)

San Marco in Venice is one of the most famous churches in the world. A fountain is a structure through which water rises into the air and falls again. In some parts of Rio there are too many high-rise buildings. The statue in Rio stands on top of a hill. A library is a building where you go to read or borrow books. A mosque is a building in which Muslims worship. Paris has a lot of wonderful museums and art galleries. The big park in the centre of New York is called Central Park. There are plenty of cheap restaurants and bars in Rio. Dahab is a town in Egypt by the Red Sea. There are lots of shopping centres in Shanghai. Piazza is the Italian word for square. The statue in Rio stands on top of a hill. A theatre is a building where you go to see plays.

/hl/

Hgel

/msk/

Moschee Museum

park (n) /pk/ Park restaurant (n) sea (n) shopping centre (n) square (n) statue (n) theatre (n)

/mjuzim/

/rest()rnt/ /si/ /p sent/ /skwe/ /t/ /stu/

Restaurant Meer Einkaufszentrum Platz Statue Theater

Unit 3 (p.20)
affair (n) /fe/ Affre cameraman (n) /kmrmn/ Kameramann canteen (n) (TS) /kntin/ Kantine cellar (n) /sel/ Keller collection (n) /knekn/ Sammlung Lady Moons husband didnt hide his affair and this made her feel really bad. A cameraman is someone who uses a camera to make films or TV programmes. Fred went to the canteen and this little lady was serving lunch. A cellar is a room at the bottom of a house where you can keep things. Lady Moons husband had a collection of fine wines in the cellar.

10

contestant (n) /kntestnt/

Teilnehmer(in); Kandidat(in)

Contestants Rosie and Dave want to win the 10,000 prize. The old man predicted the weather correctly and saved the director thousands of dollars. She went round the village and put a bottle of wine on each doorstep. The director was filming an important film in the desert. The director and the cameraman talked about the next days filming. When she found out her husband was having an affair, she decided not to leave him. He was furious when Hermione told him she was in a night club. A game show is a TV programme in which people try to win money. When you get your revenge, you do something bad to someone who has done something bad to you. She nearly had a heart attack when Fred rang her up. He didnt hide his affair and this made her feel really bad. If a game show is hosted by someone, it is presented by that person. The director was impressed and gave the old man a job. When she answered the mobile, music was playing loudly in the background. Do you agree that it doesnt matter if children lose touch with their parents? She was very angry when she saw his car parked outside his lovers house. Do you agree that the main reason for getting married is to have children? We moved to different places and lost touch with each other. Dave went into hospital for an operation. A patient is someone who is ill or injured and receives medical treatment.

correctly (adv) /krektli/ korrekt doorstep (n) /dstep/ film (v) Trschwelle; Eingangsstufe drehen; filmen

filming (n) /flm/ Dreharbeiten find out (phr v) /fand at/ herausfinden furious (adj) /fjris/ wtend game show (n) /gem / Gameshow get your revenge /get j rven/ sich rchen heart attack (n) (TS) hide (v)

/flm/

/ht tk/ /had/

Herzattacke verbergen von jmd moderiert werden beeindruckt

be hosted by /bi hstd ba/ impressed (adj)

in the background /n bkgrand/ im Hintergrund It doesnt matter /t dznt mt/ Es macht nichts. lover (n) /lv/ Liebhaber; Geliebte main (adj) /men/ Haupt- move (to) (v) /muv/ umziehen (nach) operation (n) patient (n) /pent/ Patient(in)

/mprest/

/pren/

Operation

11

post (v) /pst/ per Post schicken pour (v)

He posted Hermiones meal to her with a note saying, Heres your dinner.! She poured thick white paint over her husbands new car. Someone who predicts something says that it will happen in the future. The old man was right he said Tomorrow rain and the next day it rained. Rosie and Dave have to give the same answers to the same questions. Bobby interviews Rosie and Dave in separate studios. If you shake your head, you often mean No. or I dont know. Dave said, Nurse, Im going to be sick. If there is a storm, there is a lot of wind and rain. Bobby interviews Rosie and Dave in separate studios. Hermione was always late she never arrived on time. My four friends arrived on time, but unsurprisingly Hermione didnt. She left the other bottles on the war memorial in the centre of the village.

/p/

gieen

predict (v) /prdkt/ vorhersagen be right /bi rat/ Recht haben same (adj) /sem/ gleich separate (adj) shake your head /ek j hed/ den Kopf schtteln be sick (TS) storm (n) studio (n) on time

/sep()rt/ /bi sk/ /stm/ /stjudi/ /n tam/

getrennt

sich bergeben Sturm Studio pnktlich nicht besonders berraschend

unsurprisingly (adv) /nsprazli/

war memorial (n) /w mmril/ Kriegsdenkmal

Adjectives and Adverbs Adjektive und Adverbien

angry (adj) angrily (adv)

attractive (adj) /trktv/ attraktiv attractively (adv) bad (adj) badly (adv)

/grli/

/gri/

bse; zornig zornig

Lady Moon was angry and decided to get her revenge. Where are you? he shouted angrily. At first he found the differences between himself and Hermione attractive. She always looks smart and dresses attractively. She felt bad because her husband didnt hide his affair. I dont play tennis well in fact I play very badly. She poured paint over her husbands beautiful new black car. Shes very talented and plays the piano beautifully.

/trktvli/ /bd/ /bdli/

attraktiv schlecht schlecht

beautiful (adj) /bjutfl/ schn beautifully (adv)

/bjutfli/

schn

12

careful (adj) carefully (adv)

/kefl/

vorsichtig vorsichtig

Shes a careful driver. I plan my days carefully.

different (adj) /dfrnt/ differently (adv) early (adj) early (adv) good (adj) late (adj) late (adv) loud (adj)

/kef()li/

anders; Hermione and I were very different. unterschiedlich; verschieden anders frh frh gut spt spt laut Weve decided to organise things differently this year. I hate getting up in the early morning. I always arrived early; she always arrived late. Hermiones ex-boyfriend is a good cook. If you have a late night, it means you go to bed late. I always arrived early; she always arrived late. Its difficult to have a conversation when the musics loud. When she answered her mobile, music was playing loudly in the background. They came to see us for a quick visit. She quickly drove home and put a pot of paint into her car. Theres too much noise. Please be quiet! Lady Moon quietly placed a bottle of wine on each doorstep. A tidy person always makes sure things are in the correct place. Everything on the desk was arranged tidily. Her husband didnt hide his affair and this made her unhappy. She thought it was better to be unhappily married than not married at all. I cook well so I decided to have a dinner party.

/dfrntli/ /li/ /li/ /let/ /let/

/gd/

loudly (adv) /ladli/ laut quick (adj) quickly (adv) /kwkli/ schnell Be quiet! (adj) quietly (adv) /kwatli/ ruhig; leise tidy (adj) /tadi/ ordentlich tidily (adv) unhappy (adj) /nhpi/ unglcklich unhappily (adv) /nhpli/ unglcklich well (adv)

/lad/

/kwk/

schnell

/bi kwat/

Sei(d) ruhig! ; Ruhe!

/tadli/

ordentlich

/wel/

gut

Adjectives ending in ed and ing Adjektive, die mit ed und ing enden
annoyed (adj) /nd/ verrgert annoying (adj) When the dog makes a lot of noise, the neighbours get annoyed. Its annoying when the dog makes a lot of noise.

/n/

rgerlich

13

bored (adj) boring (adj) confused (adj)

/bd/

gelangweilt langweilig verwirrt

The students are often bored in lessons. Sometimes, our lessons are very boring. Looking at the map, I was confused. The map wasnt easy to understand it was very confusing. England fans were depressed at the score: Brazil 6 England 0. Brazil 6 England 0 is a depressing score for England fans. Children are sometimes embarrassed by their parents. Parents sometimes do things that their children think are embarrassing. Excited spectators watched the race. The race is very exciting. Are you frightened of dogs? Some people think dogs are frightening. Are you interested in football? Shes a good teacher her lessons are very interesting. The boy got 90% in his exam and was very surprised. He got a surprising 90% in the exam. I often feel tired after work. Work can be very tiring.

/br/

confusing (adj) /knfjuz/ verwirrend depressed (adj) /dprest/ deprimiert depressing (adj) embarrassed (adj)

/knfjuzd/

/dpres/

deprimierend verlegen

embarrassing (adj) /mbrs/ peinlich excited (adj) exciting (adj) frightened (adj) frightening (adj) interested (adj) interesting (adj) surprised (adj) surprising (adj) tired (adj) tiring (adj)

/mbrst/ /ksatd/ /ksat/ /fratnd/

aufgeregt aufregend Angst haben furchterregend interessiert interessant berrascht berraschend mde ermdend

/fratn/

/ntrstd/ /ntrst/ /sprazd/ /tad/

/spraz/ /tar/

Expressions with get

1) get a text message /get tekst mes/ get a job get new shoes 2) get better get dark get warm eine SMS-Nachricht empfangen einen Job finden neue Schuhe kaufen sich verbessern dunkel werden warm werden How many text messages do you get a day? I want to get a job for the summer. Im going shopping; I want to get some new shoes. He works hard and is getting better at English. It gets dark early in the winter. In the summer, it can get very warm.

/get b/ /get bet/

/get nju uz/ /get dk/

/get wm/

14

3) get home

get there /get e/ ankommen get to work 4) get changed get dressed get married 5) get on (phr v) get together (phr v) get up (phr v)

/get hm/

nach Hause kommen

What time do you get home? It takes me 20 minutes to get to school; I leave home at 8.30 and get there at 8.50. What time do you get to work in the morning? I got changed and went to play football. I had a shower and got dressed. Do you want to get married? Do you get on with your brothers and sisters? Shall we all get together for a drink? He usually gets up at 7.30 in the morning.

/get t wk/ /get drest/ /get n/ /get p/

zur Arbeit kommen sich umziehen sich anziehen heiraten gut auskommen mit sich treffen aufstehen

/get end/ /get mrid/ /get tge/

Narrative linkers Verbindungen in einem narrativen Text

A week later / wik let/ Eine Woche spter At first /t fst/ Anfangs At the end of (August) Finally (adv) /fan()li/ Zum Schluss Last year Next (adv) One day A week later, Hermione sent a postcard saying, Too much salt.! At first she was only 15 or 20 minutes late. But she got later and later. Its my birthday at the end of August. Finally she took a pair of scissors and cut the arms and legs off all his suits. Last year, I went out with Hermione for four months. Next she took his collection of wines from the cellar. One day she saw his car parked outside his lovers house. That evening my friends arrived on time but Hermione was late. That night she went round the village and placed a bottle of wine on each doorstep. The next morning I posted her dinner to her. She drove to the lovers house. Then she poured white paint over her husbands car.

/t i end v/ /lst j/ /nekst/ /wn de/

Ende August

Letztes Jahr Danach Eines Tages

That evening /t ivn/ An jenem Abend That night /t nat/ In jener Nacht The next morning Then (adv) /en/ Dann

/ nekst mn/

Am folgenden Morgen

15

Relationship expressions Beziehungen

chat sb up (phr v) /t smbdi p/ fall in love anquatschen; sich heranmachen sich verlieben She chatted Fred up by saying, Ill be your girl tonight. When did Teresa and Fred first fall in love? If you fancy someone, you want to have relationship with them. Teresa got divorced after 30 years of marriage. How old were your parents when they got married? They met in Blackpool and went out together for three months. Do you agree that the main reason for getting married is to have children? She was very angry and they had a row. When you kiss someone, you touch their face with your lips to show that you like them. Is it a good idea to live together before you get married? We lost touch with each other after a few months. Teresa and Fred first met fifty years ago. I was quite nervous before meeting the parents. When two people move in together, they start living together in the same house or flat. Fred rang her up and they met soon after that. When two people split up, they end their relationship.

fancy sb (v) /fnsi smbdi/ jmd attraktiv finden get divorced get married

/fl n lv/

/get dvst/ /get mrid/

sich scheiden lassen heiraten

go out together /g at tge/ zusammen ausgehen have children /hv ldrn/ Kinder bekommen have a row kiss sb (v) /ks smbdi/ jmd kssen live together (phr v) lose touch (with sb) /luz t/ meet (sb) (v) meet the parents

/hv ra/

sich streiten

/lv tge/ /mit/

zusammenleben den Kontakt mit jmd verlieren sich kennen lernen die Eltern kennen lernen

move in together /muv n tge/ zusammenziehen ring sb up (phr v) split up (phr v)

/mit pernts/ /r smbdi p/ /splt p/

jmd anrufen sich trennen

Review A (p.28)
arrange to do sth chat (v) /t/ quatschen

/ren t du sm/

etwas vereinbaren

One day we arranged to meet in a caf. We chatted and I discovered Mark was an interesting person.

16

confident (adj) cool (adj) far too much/many a first impression of sb

/knfd()nt/ /kul/ /f tu m/meni/ / fst mpren v smbdi/

zuversichtlich; selbstbewusst Adriana knew everyone and was very confident. cool viel zu viel(e) ein erster Eindruck von jmd I liked her but thought she was too cool. We eat far too much chocolate/far too many chocolates. What was your first impression of your best friend? Debs a fantastic person shes very generous and a lot of fun.

generous (adj) /enrs/ grozgig get into trouble /get nt trbl/ good-looking (adj)

in Schwierigkeiten geraten; We were naughty at school and got into trouble! rger bekommen gut aussehend

home town (n) /hm tan/ Heimatstadt immediately (adv) /miditli/ sofort internet chat site (n) laugh (v) /lf/ lachen a living (n sing.) look like mean (v) mistake (n) naughty (adj)

/gdlk/

Someone who is good-looking has an attractive face. Your home town is the town where you were born or grew up. Deb and Liz met in a caf and liked each other immediately. We met on an internet chat site in 2003. Woody made me laugh 20 years ago and he makes me laugh now! He looks very young, in fact he looks like a student. What does your name mean? I do my work carefully I never make mistakes! We were naughty at school and got into trouble! They talked online all the time and one day they arranged to meet. Public transport is transport that everyone can use such as buses and trains. Deb and Liz are very similar they both lived abroad and both had parents who got divorced. Someone who is single is not married or does not have a partner. They were watching TV when the baby woke up.

/ntnet t sat/ / lv/ /min/

Internet Chatsite

Lebensunterhalt (verdienen) What do you do for a living? Im a nurse. aussehen wie bedeuten Fehler unartig

/lk lak/ /mstek/ /nti/

online (adv) /nlan/ online public transport (n) /pblk trnspt/ ffentliche Verkehrsmittel similar (adj) /sml/ hnlich single (adj) /sgl/ ledig wake up (phr v)

/wek p/

aufwachen

17

Unit 4 (p.32)
according to /kd tu/ laut; zufolge across the UK/Spain etc /krs juke/spen/ quer durch afford to do sth /fd t du sm/ sich leisten agree (v) /gri/ zustimmen appointment (n) on average avoid (v) According to environmental groups, cheap clothes are bad for the environment. New stores are opening across the UK, Spain and Ireland. Jim cant afford to buy electronic equipment its too expensive. Most men only agree to go shopping when they really need something. Its annoying when people are late for appointments. On average, people buy 50 items of clothing a year. Why does Conor avoid going into supermarkets? A book review is an article in which someone gives their opinion about a book they have read. Some women dont bother to look at the price tag before they buy. Do you prefer dark or brightly coloured clothes? I enjoy comparing prices and quality in different shops. Consumers pay low prices for clothes at Primark. When Eddies sister read the card, she cried! Friends of the Earth say cheap clothes are damaging the environment. Do you prefer dark or brightly coloured clothes? He bought her an expensive diamond ring for her birthday. Do you have digital TV? She didnt like the present and cried when she read the card. What a disaster! You cant recycle cheap clothes they are disposable. The environment is the natural world we live in, including land, water and air.

/pntmnt/ /n vr/ /vd/

Termin im Durchschnitt vermeiden

book review (n) /bk rvju/ Buchrezension I dont bother to do sth brightly coloured (adj) compare (v) consumer (n) cry (v) (TS)

/a dnt b t du sm/ /bratli kld/ /kmpe/ /kra/ /knsjum/

sich nicht um etwas kmmern . bunt vergleichen Verbraucher(in) weinen

damage (v) /dm/ schaden dark (adj) diamond ring (n) /damnd r/ Brillantring digital (adj) disaster (n) (TS) /dzst/ Desaster; Unglck disposable (adj) the environment (n sing.) /i nvarnmnt/ die Umwelt

/dk/

dunkel

/dtl/

digital

/dspzbl/

wegwerfbar

18

environmental group (n) /nvarnmentl grup/ Umweltschutzgruppe eventually (adv) (TS) /venuli/ schlielich exchange (v) the fashion pages (n pl) fit (v)

Environmental groups want to protect the environment. Eventually Eddie found a really good present a foot spa. Can I exchange the top if it doesnt fit? Are you interested in the fashion pages of magazines? If clothes fit you, they are the right size for you. A foot spa is a piece of equipment which you fill with water and put your feet into to relax. I bought a lovely card for her and wrote a funny message inside. A lot of men like electronic gadgets. I always get dressed before breakfast. Will you give me a lift to the station? Women went mad for the jacket, which cost 12. Eddie went on the internet to find his sister a present. Profits are increasing at Primark and new stores are opening. Someone who is intuitive knows the right thing to say or do. On average, people buy 50 items of clothing a year. Rings, necklaces and bracelets are all types of jewellery. Do you agree that a real present is something you can keep? Flowers are lovely but they dont last for more than a week. Jim never manages to find time to go shopping. A medium size is neither big nor small.

/ksen/ /ft/

umtauschen die Modeseiten passen

/ fn pez/

foot spa (n) (TS) /ft sp/ Fubad funny (adj) (TS) /fni/ komisch; lustig gadget (n) get dressed/undressed /get drest/ndrest/ give somebody a lift go mad for sth go on the internet (TS)

/gt/

Gert sich anziehen/ ausziehen jmd im Auto mitnehmen sich fr etwas begeistern ins Internet gehen

/gv smbdi lft/ /g n i ntnet/

/g md f sm/

increase (v) /nkris/ steigen intuitive (adj) /ntjutv/ intuitiv item of clothing (n) jewellery (n)

/atm v kl/ /ulri/

Kleidungsstck Schmuck

keep (v) /kip/ behalten last (v) /lst/ halten manage to do sth /mn t du sm/ medium (adj) I dont mind doing sth necessity (n) jmd gelingen, etwas zu tun medium; mittelgro

/midim/ /nsesti/

/a dnt mand du sm/

Es macht mir I dont mind spending a long time looking for clothes. nichts aus Notwendigkeit For Conor shopping is a necessity, not a pleasure.

19

overjoyed (adj) /vd/ sehr erfreut planet (n) present (n)

My husband was overjoyed when I bought him a Swiss army knife. Things that you cant recycle are bad for the planet. Men and women like different sorts of present. Do you always look at the price tag before you buy clothes? Profits are increasing at Primark and new stores are opening. Get dressed means the same as putting clothes on. Do you agree that a real present is something you can keep? If you want to exchange something, you must keep the receipt. Things that you can recycle are good for the planet. Why does Jim refuse to go into shoe shops with his girlfriend? In 2005 Primark was renamed the new Prada. If clothes fit you, they are the right size for you. You cant sell cheap clothes second-hand. Men dont usually like brightly coloured ties or silly socks. What size is she small, medium or large? A spokesperson is someone who expresses the opinion of a large organisation. A lot of men cant stand shopping for clothes. Red doesnt really suit me. I always tell my family I want a surprise for my birthday, but I never get it. A Swiss army knife is a knife with a red handle that does a lot of different things. Taking off your clothes means the same as getting undressed.

/plnt/

Planet Geschenk

price tag (n) /pras tg/ Preisetikett profits (n pl) /prfts/ Gewinne put on (phr v) real (adj) /rl/ wirklich; echt receipt (n) /rsit/ Quittung recycle (v) refuse (v) /rfjuz/ sich weigern rename (v) right (adj) second-hand (adv) silly (adj) size (n)

/preznt/

/pt n/

anziehen

/risakl/

recyceln

/rinem/ /rat/ /sekndhnd/ /sli/ /saz/

umbenennen richtig gebraucht albern Gre

spokesperson (n) /spkspsn/ Sprecher(in) (I) cant stand doing sth suit (v)

/(a) knt stnd du sm/ /sut/

Ich kann es nicht leiden. stehen

surprise (n) spraz berraschung Swiss army knife (n) /sws mi naf/ Schweizer Offiziersmesser take off (phr v) /tek f/ ausziehen

20

try on (phr v) /tra n/ anprobieren as usual /z jul/ wie gewhnlich

When you try clothes on, you put them on to see if they fit before you buy them. As usual she didnt really get what she wanted for her birthday.

Adverbs of frequency Adverbien der Hufigkeit

always (adv) /lwez/ immer hardly ever (adv) never (adv) normally (adv) My family always ask me what I want and I always tell them the same thing. Flowers hardly ever last for more than a week. Jim never manages to find time to go shopping. My girlfriend normally goes shopping without me. How often does Conor go into a clothes shop? Only very occasionally. Conor often goes into book shops. Jim rarely goes shopping with his girlfriend. I sometimes do my food shopping online. She usually goes shopping without me.

/hdli ev/ /nev/ /nm()li/ /fn/

fast nie nie normalerweise

occasionally (adv) /ken()li/ gelegentlich often (adv) rarely (adv) sometimes (adv) usually (adv) hufig selten manchmal normalerweise

/reli/

/smtamz/ /juli/

Collocations: a box of Kollokationen a bunch of

a bottle of wine/ perfume/whisky a box of chocolates/ matches/tissues a bunch of flowers/ grapes/keys

/ btl v wan/ pfjum/wski/

eine Flasche Wein/ Can I order a bottle of red wine? Parfum/Whisky eine Schachtel Pralinen/ They gave me a box of chocolates for my birthday. Streichhlzer/ Taschentcher ein Blumenstrau/ Weintraube/ Schlsselbund eine Dose Bohnen/ Tomaten; ein Kanister mit Benzin eine Dose Marmelade/ Kaffeepulver/Mayonnaise eine Packung Zigaretten/Chips/Kekse

/ bks v klts/ mz/tuz/ / bn v flaz/ greps/kiz/

I got lots of bunches of grapes when I was in hospital. Pour the can of tomatoes into a saucepan. He opened a jar of instant coffee. How much is a packet of cigarettes?

a can of beans/ / kn v binz/ petrol/tomatoes petrl/tmtz/ a jar of jam/instant coffee/mayonnaise a packet of cigarettes/ crisps/biscuits

/ r v m/ nstnt kfi/menez/ / pkt v sgrets/ krsps/bskts/

21

a pair of socks/scissors/ jeans piece of cake/ furniture/wood

/ per v sks/szz/ inz/ / pis v kek/ fn/wd/

ein Paar Socken; eine Schere: eine Jeanshose ein Stck Kuchen/ Holz; ein Mbelstck

She bought her husband a pair of brightly coloured socks. A cup of coffee and a piece of cake, please.

Clothes and Accessories Kleidung und Accessoire

bracelet (n) /breslt/ Armreif dress (n) /dres/ Kleid earrings (n pl) gloves (n) /glvz/ Handschuhe hat (n) jacket (n) jeans (n pl) A bracelet is a piece of jewellery you wear around your arm. A lot of women prefer wearing jeans to dresses and skirts. Earrings are pieces of jewellery you wear in your ears. You wear gloves on your hands in winter to keep them warm. He was wearing a woollen hat on his head. My favourite piece of clothing is my blue denim jacket. The denim jeans in Photo A cost 120. A jumper is a piece of clothing made of wool that covers your arms and body. A necklace is a piece of jewellery that you wear around your neck. Pyjamas are a jacket and trousers that you wear in bed. In Photo A Jade is wearing a cream cotton raincoat. You wear a scarf round your neck in winter to keep warm. Conor only goes into clothes shops if he needs a new shirt. Do you prefer wearing shoes or trainers? In Photos B and D Jade is wearing plain red shorts. A lot of women prefer wearing jeans to dresses and skirts. I wear formal clothes such as suits to work. Men dont usually like brightly coloured ties. Tights are a piece of clothing worn by women that cover the feet and legs.

/rz/ /ht/

Ohrringe

Hut Jacke; Jackett Jeans

/kt/ /inz/

jumper (n) /mp/ Pullover necklace (n) /nekls/ Halsband pyjamas (n pl) raincoat (n)

/pmz/ /renkt/

Pyjama Regenmantel

scarf (n) /skrf/ Schal shirt (n) /rt/ Hemd shoes (n pl) shorts (n pl)

/uz/

Schuhe kurze Hose; Shorts

skirt (n) /skt/ Rock suit (n) tie (n)

/ts/ /sut/ /ta/

Anzug Krawatte

tights (n pl) /tats/ Strumpfhose

22

top (n) trainers (n pl) vest (n)

/tp/

Top Turnschuhe Unterhemd

In Photo D Jade is wearing a blue-and-white striped top. Do you prefer wearing shoes or trainers? A vest is a type of T-shirt without sleeves. A waistcoat is an item of clothing without sleeves that you wear over a shirt.

/trenz/ /vest/

waistcoat (n) /westkt/ Weste

Designs Muster
checked (adj) /ekt/ kariert floral (adj) pinstriped (adj) /pnstrapt/ Nadelstreifen- plain (adj) striped (adj) A checked shirt is a shirt with a design of small or large squares. A floral design is a design with flowers on it. People such as bankers or businessmen often wear pinstriped suits. A plain shirt or top has no design on it. In Photo D shes wearing a blue-and-white striped top.

/flrl/ /plen/

Blumen-

einfach; schlicht gestreift

/strapt/

Materials Stoffe
cotton (adj) denim (adj) leather (adj) nylon (adj) silk (adj)

/ktn/ /le/ /slk/

aus Baumwolle aus Jeansstoff Leder- Nylon- seiden

Do you prefer cotton or nylon shirts? Most people have a pair of denim jeans. He was wearing an expensive pair of leather shoes. I want a pair of black nylon tights. He likes wearing expensive silk ties. Woollen hats are fashionable for young people nowadays.

/denm/ /naln/

woollen (adj) /wln/ wollen

Unit 5 (p.40)
application form (n) /plken fm/ awake (adj) be in danger Anmelde-; Antragsformular wach in Gefahr sein Fill in the application form and post it to us. Awake is the opposite of asleep. Your health is in danger! You must do more exercise.

/wek/

/bi n den/

23

benefit (n) (TS) /benft/ Vorteil; Nutzen boost (v) (TS) busy (adj) call off (phr v) cash (n)

One of the benefits of laughter is that it reduces the effects of stress. Laughter boosts the immune system. Heathrow Airport is busier than Los Angeles Airport. Nobody can come to my party Id better call it off. Cash is money in the form of notes and coins. Beckham, Alonso and Federer are all sports celebrities. Cheap is the opposite of expensive. If you clear something up, you make it clean or tidy. Do you climb more than 100 stairs a day? Do you think that women are more complex than men? A lot of people find shopping online more convenient. Do you walk or cycle to school? If you scored 20 or less, you are dangerously unfit. I must deal with this problem immediately. When you do the ironing, you make clean clothes smooth using an iron. Someones earnings are the amount of money they get by doing a job. Life is more enjoyable when youre fit. Fill in the application form and post it to us. If you are fit, you are healthy and active. The swimming pool wasnt heated and the water was freezing. How long does it take you to get ready to go out for the evening? How long does it take you to get to sleep at night? If you give something away, you give it to someone else without asking for money. Its a good idea to give up smoking. Someone who is gorgeous is very good-looking and healthy.

/bust/ /bzi/ /k/ /kl f/

verstrken viel los sein absagen Bargeld berhmte Persnlichkeit billig aufrumen steigen komplex; vielschichtig bequem Rad fahren gefhrlich sich kmmern um etwas

celebrity (n) (TS) /slebrti/ cheap (adj) clear up (phr v) climb (v) complex (adj) convenient (adj) cycle (v) dangerously (adv) deal with sth (phr v)

/ip/ /klam/ /kl/

/kmpleks/ /sakl/

/knvinint/ /denrsli/

do the ironing /du i an/ bgeln earnings (n pl) /nz/ Verdienst enjoyable (adj) fill in (phr v) fit (adj)

/dil w sm/

/nbl/ /fl n/ /ft/

angenehm ausfllen fit; in Form

freezing (adj) (TS) /friz/ eiskalt get ready /get redi/ sich fertig machen get to sleep give away (phr v) /gv we/ verschenken give up (phr v) gorgeous (adj) (TS) /gs/ bildschn

/get t slip/ /gv p/

einschlafen

aufgeben

24

hang up (phr v) have a laugh health (n) healthy (adj)

/h p/ /hel/

aufhngen lachen Gesundheit gesund

Hang up your clothes when you take them off. Having a laugh is good for people. If you scored 20 or less, your health is in danger. Healthy people find life more enjoyable. The swimming pool wasnt heated and the water was freezing. Mount Kilimanjaro is higher than Mount Fuji. Hold on to the board. Dont let go! Do you do at least one hour of housework a day? Laughter boosts the immune system. If it was raining, we stayed inside and did Scottish dancing. In football you must kick the ball, not touch it with your hand. 15 to 20 minutes of laughter a day is good for you. Hold on to the board. Dont let go! Do you prefer to lie on the beach or go sightseeing? When I want to look my best, I wear a suit. A loud laugh exercises the lungs. Clear up this mess, please! A novel is a story about people or situations that are not real. Pick up the racket and try again. My most valuable possession is my MP3 player. Im not very good at tennis because I dont have time to practise. When you laugh, you release happy chemicals called endorphins. Are German cars more reliable than British cars? You are healthier than most people and find life more enjoyable as a result. Youre horrible! Dont be rude, Rebecca!

/hv lf/ /heli/ /ha/

heated (adj) (TS) /hitd/ beheizt high (adj) hold on (phr v) housework (n) immune system (n) (TS) hoch festhalten Hausarbeit Immunsystem

/hld n/

/haswk/

inside (adv) (TS) /nsad/ drinnen kick (v) /kk/ treten laughter (n) let go lie (v) look my best lung (n) (TS) (a) mess (n sing.)

/mjun sstm/

/lft/ /la/

Gelchter loslassen liegen besonders gut aussehen Lunge Durcheinander

/let g/ /lk m best/ /l/ /mes/

novel (n) /nvl/ Roman pick up (phr v) possession (n)

/pk p/ /pzen/

aufheben Besitz

practise (v) /prkts/ ben release (v) /rlis/ freilassen reliable (adj) as a result /z rzlt/ infolgedessen rude (adj) (TS)

/rlabl/

zuverlssig

/rud/

unhflich

25

safe (adj) (tennis) serve (n)

/sef/

sicher Aufschlag auf Besichtigungstour gehen sich setzen

Is flying safer than driving a car? Andy Roddick has the fastest tennis serve. Do you prefer to lie on the beach or go sightseeing? Dont eat breakfast on your feet. Sit down and enjoy it! If you smell something, you recognise its smell with your nose. A lot of people think French food is very sophisticated. A recent study shows that adults dont laugh enough. If you are sweaty, the surface of your skin is wet because you are very hot. Switching off the lights and sitting in silence is a good way to relax. Only switch on the TV if you really want to watch something. Cristiano Ronaldo is young, good-looking and a very talented player. Thin is the opposite of fat. Pick up your racket and throw the ball in the air. Throw away any clothes you havent worn for the past two years. In football, you mustnt touch the ball with your hand. Only 8.2% of the population trust the government. If you turn up the volume, you make music or sound louder. Someone who is unfit is not healthy or active. My most valuable possession is my MP3 player. Do you walk or cycle to school? Rome is wetter than London.

(go) sightseeing /satsi/ sit down (phr v)

/sv/

smell (v) /smel/ riechen sophisticated (adj) study (n) (TS)

/st dan/

/sfstketd/ /stdi/

kultiviert Studie

sweaty (adj) /sweti/ verschwitzt switch off (phr v) /sw f/ ausschalten switch on (phr v) /sw n/ einschalten talented (adj) /tlntd/ talentiert thin (adj) throw (v)

/n/

dnn werfen

throw away (phr v) /r we/ wegwerfen touch (v) trust (v)

/r/ /t/

berhren vertrauen

turn up (phr v) /tn p/ hochdrehen unfit (adj) valuable (adj) walk (v) wet (adj)

/trst/

/nft/ /wk/ /wet/

nicht fit; nicht in Form wertvoll zu Fu gehen nass

/vljbl/

How? questions
How far? How fast?

Fragen mit How ?

/ha f/
Wie weit ....? Wie schnell ...? How far is it from your house to school?

/ha fst/

26

How fast does your car go?

How long? How many? How much? How often? How old? How well?

/ha l/

Wie lang ...? Wie viele...? Wie viel ...? Wie oft ...? Wie alt ...? Wie gut ...?

How long does it take you to do your homework? How many brothers and sisters do you have? How much exercise do you do every week? How often do you travel by train? How old is Thierry Henry? How well do you know your neighbours?

/ha meni/ /ha m/ /ha fn/ /ha ld/ /ha wel/

Sports Sportarten
aerobic exercise (n) athletics (n) basketball (n) cycling (n) fishing (n) football (n) golf (n) hiking (n) hockey (n) horse-riding (n) (TS) jogging (n)

/erbk/ /letks/ /sakl/ /f/ /glf/ /ftbl/ /hak/ /hki/ /hsrad/ /g/ /r/ /bsktbl/

Aerobicbung Leichtathletik Basketball Radfahren Angeln Fuball Golf Wandern (Feld)hockey Reiten Joggen

Cycling and rowing are forms of aerobic exercise. I never enjoyed doing athletics at school. Professional basketball players are often very tall. Cycling is a popular sport in France. Fishing is the sport of catching fish. Football is a very popular sport. Golf is quite an expensive sport. At weekends I enjoy going hiking in the hills. In winter Tina did hockey at school. Rebecca hates tennis but likes horse-riding. Do you sometimes go jogging? People usually wear a white jacket and trousers to do judo. Cycling and rowing are forms of aerobic exercise. Rugby is more popular with men than women. We often go skiing in the mountains. Id like to go snowboarding. I love the mountains. In the USA, people call football soccer. She goes swimming three times a week. You need a racket and balls to play tennis. Do you enjoy playing volleyball on the beach? Ive never been windsurfing. I cant swim.

judo (n) /ud/ Judo rowing (n) rugby (n) skiing (n) snowboarding (n) soccer (n) swimming (n) tennis (n) volleyball (n) windsurfing (n) Rudern Rugby Skifahren Snowboarding Fuball Schwimmen Tennis Volleyball Windsurfen

/rgbi/

/snbd/ /sk/ /swm/ /tens/ /vlibl/

/ski/

/wndsf/

27

Sports equipment Sportgerte

football (n) /ftbl/ Fuball football boots (n) football shirt (n) goggles (n) golf ball (n) golf club (n) helmet (n) net (n) running shoes (n) The ball you kick when you play football is also called a football. Ronaldo wears expensive football boots. Jimmys wearing the number 7 on his football shirt. Goggles protect your eyes when you are swimming. A golf ball is small, round and white. Golf clubs are the things that you hit a golf ball with. A helmet protects your head when you are skiing. In tennis you must hit the ball over the net. You should wear special running shoes to do athletics. A running vest is a type of T-shirt without sleeves that you wear when you do athletics. How much does a pair of ski boots cost? Ski poles are the sticks you hold when you are skiing. Skis are the things you wear on your feet to go skiing. A swimming costume is a piece of clothing worn for swimming, especially by women. Men wear swimming trunks when they go swimming. Tennis balls are round and usually yellow. In tennis, you hit the ball using a tennis racket.

/ftbl buts/ /ftbl t/ /gglz/ /glf bl/ /helmt/ /net/

Fuballschuhe Fuballtrikot Schutzbrille Golfball Golfschlger Schutzhelm Netz Laufschuhe

/glf klb/

running vest (n) /rn vest/ Laufhemd ski boots (n pl) ski poles (n pl) skis (n pl)

/rn uz/ /ski buts/ /skiz/

Skistiefel Skistcke Skier

/ski plz/

swimming costume (n) /swm kstjum/ Badeanzug swimming trunks (n pl) tennis ball (n) tennis racket (n)

/swm trks/ /tens bl/ /tens rkt/

Badehose Tennisball Tennisschlger

Sports people Sportler

athlete (n) boxer (n) /bks/ Boxer footballer (n) /ftbl/ Fuballer(in) golfer (n) skier (n) swimmer (n) tennis player (n)

/lit/

Leichtathlet(in)

You have to be very fit to be a professional athlete. A boxer is someone who wears thick gloves to fight in a ring. Beckham, Henry and Ronaldo are all professional footballers. Someone who plays the sport of golf is a golfer. You have to be very fit to be a professional skier. All swimmers should wear goggles in the swimming pool. Roger Federer is the worlds best tennis player.

/glf/ /ski/ /swm/

Golfer(in) Skifahrer(in) Schwimmer(in) Tennisspieler(in)

/tens ple/

28

Sports places
athletics track (n) /letks trk/ Stadion; Bahn fr Leichtathletik Athletes run around an athletic track, which is circular in shape. A football pitch is the large rectangular area where people play football. Walking round a golf course is good exercise. Are there any famous ski resorts in your country? At Tinas school there was a sports field, tennis courts and a swimming pool. All swimmers should wear goggles in the swimming pool. A tennis court is the large rectangular area where people play tennis. football pitch (n) /ftbl p/ Fuballplatz golf course (n) ski resort (n)

/glf ks/

Golfplatz Skiort

sports field (n) (TS) /spts fild/ Sportplatz swimming pool (n) tennis court (n) /tens kt/ Tennisplatz

/ski rzt/

/swm pul/

Schwimmbad

Unit 6 (p.48)
audio equipment (n) baggy (adj)

/di kwpmnt/ /bgi/

Audio-Anlagen; -gerte weit geschnitten

Bensons is a company that produces audio equipment Baggy clothes do not fit your body tightly. Charlotte dreams of living in a bakery and eating cakes all day. The best thing about being self-employed is that you can go on holiday when you want. The dog gave Sally a nasty bite. The worst thing that happened to Sally was the dog that bit her. Does Charlotte want to be a model or a snowboarder? She wants to do both. If she breaks her leg snowboarding, she cant do modelling. Rob stood at the end of a conveyor belt, putting eggs into boxes. A crash helmet protects your head when you are doing a dangerous activity.

bakery (n) /bekri/ Bckerei best (superl. adj) /best/ beste, -r, -s bite (n) bite (v) /bat/ beien both (pronoun) /b/ beides break your leg /brek j leg/ sich das Bein brechen conveyor belt (n) /knve belt/ Flieband crash helmet (n) /kr helmt/ Schutzhelm

/bat/

Biss(wunde)

29

department store (n) /dptmnt st/ Kaufhaus designer clothes (n pl) /dzan klz/ Designer-Kleidung disgusting (adj) egg-packing factory (n) /egpk fktri/ Eierverpackungsfabrik fall (v) fattening (adj) flight (n) fruit-picking (n)

A department store is a large store that sells many different types of things. When shes modelling, Charlotte wears beautiful designer clothes. The smell in the egg factory was disgusting! Working conditions in the egg-packing factory were terrible. Snowboarding is sometimes dangerous and I often fall. Cakes and chocolate are fattening food. A flight attendant doesnt have to pay for flights. Have you ever done fruit-picking in the summer? One of Robs jobs was handing out publicity flyers on the street. For the jumps and turns in snowboarding, you have to be strong. She cant model the best skirts in Paris if she breaks her leg! Would you like a career in modelling? You need to be strong and have muscles to be a snowboarder. The dog gave Sally a nasty bite. For Rob, working in the egg factory was a nightmare job! A publicity flyer is a piece of paper with an on it. Actors hate reading bad reviews about themselves in the newspapers. Half the year shes a snowboarder, then she goes to Paris for a season to be a model. Someone who is slim is thin in an attractive way. The smell in the egg factory was disgusting! You need to be strong and have muscles to be a snowboarder. Mia is a model but she wants to start studying again when shes 30.

/dsgst/ /fl/

ekelhaft

strzen; (hin)fallen dick machend Flug Obsternte

/ftn/ /flat/ /frutpk/

hand out (phr v) /hnd at/ verteilen; aushndigen jump (n) /mp/ Sprung model (v) /mdl/ vorfhren modelling (n) muscles (n pl) /mslz/ Muskeln nasty (adj) nightmare (adj)

/mdl/ /nsti/

als Model arbeiten

bse; schlimm Alptraum Werbebroschre; -zettel; -flyer

publicity flyer (n) /pblsti fla/ advertisement

/natme/

review (n) /rvju/ Kritik; Rezension season (n) /sizn/ Saison slim (adj) smell (n)

/slm/

schlank Geruch

strong (adj) /str/ stark study (v) /stdi/ studieren

/smel/

30

tell lies top (adj)

/tel laz/ /tp/

Lgen erzhlen Top-

People who tell lies do not tell the truth. Half the year Charlotte is a top model in Europe. For the jumps and turns in snowboarding, you have to be strong. Now I have my own company so Im pleased with the way things have turned out. The reviewers wrote terrible things about me and I was so upset. Which job do you think is the most useful to society? Sally did various jobs when she was a student. The worst job Ive ever done is working as an au pair.

turn (n) /tn/ Drehung turn out (phr v) (TS) /tn at/ entwickeln; sich ergeben

upset (adj) /pset/ mitgenommen; betrbt useful (adj) various (adj) worst (superl. adj)

/jusfl/ /wst/

ntzlich verschieden schlimmste, -r, -s

/veris/

Jobs Jobs
actor (n) archaeologist (n) /kilst/ Archologe (-in) au pair (n) ballet dancer (n) /ble dns/ Balletttnzer(in) bodyguard (n) /bdigad/ Leibwchter butcher (n) cleaner (n) (TS) /klin/ Reinigungspersonal company director (n) /kmp()ni drekt/ cook (n) DJ (n) doctor (n) Firmendirektor; Geschftsfhrer Koch; Kchin DJ Arzt; rztin

/kt/

Schauspieler

Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie are both professional actors. I was really interested in ancient history and my dream was to become an archaeologist. Sally worked as an au pair for a rich family in New York. You have to be very fit and talented to be a professional ballet dancer. A bodyguard is someone who protects an important person from being attacked. A butcher is someone who sells meat. A cleaner is someone who cleans houses, offices or buildings for a living. Mark started working for his father and now hes a company director. A cook has to have very clean hands. A club DJ can get up late in the morning. A surgeon is a doctor who does operations. Mark didnt work hard at school so couldnt become an engineer. Rob was a factory worker in an egg-packing factory.

/ pe/

Aupair

/b/

Metzger

/kk/

/die/ /dkt/

engineer (n) /enn/ Ingenieur factory worker (n)

/fktri wk/

Fabrikarbeiter(in)

31

farmer (n) /fam/ Bauer; Landwirt flight attendant (n) managing director (n) /mn drekt/

When Frank was five he wanted to be a farmer or a vet because he loves animals. A flight attendant looks after passengers on a plane. Managing directors run large companies. When she was 16 Mia had the chance to earn a lot of money as a model. Some nurses dont get a decent salary. A personal trainer writes exercise programmes for people. Elsies a photographer who takes photographs of rock stars and bands. A pilot is the person who flies a plane. Do you agree that police officers are badly paid? I spoke to the receptionist and made an appointment to have my hair cut. Edna is applying for a position as sales assistant in a department store. Charlotte has two jobs shes a model and a snowboarder. Lots of boys want to be soldiers when theyre young. A surgeon is a doctor who does operations. Frank is a teacher and he loves it! A telesales person sells things on the phone. Tourist guides take tourists around cities or other famous places. A vet looks after animals who are ill. Sally managed to get a job as a waiter in an Italian restaurant.

/flat tendnt/

Flugbegleiter(in) leitender Direktor; Geschftsfhrer

model (n) /mdl/ Model nurse (n) /ns/ personal trainer (n) /psnl tren/ Krankenschwester; Krankenpfleger(in) persnliche(r) Trainer(in)

photographer (n) (TS) /ftgrf/ Fotograf(in) pilot (n) police officer (n)

/palt/

Pilot(in) Polizist(in) Rezeption; Empfangsdame

receptionist (n) /rsepnst/

/plis fs/

sales assistant (n) /selz sstnt/ Verkufer(in) snowboarder (n) soldier (n) surgeon (n) teacher (n) telesales person (n)

/snbd/ /sl/ /sn/ /ti/

Snowboarder(in) Soldat(in) Chirurg(in) Lehrer(in) Verkufer(in) am Telefon

tour(ist) guide (n) /tr(st) gad/ Reiseleiter(in) vet (n) waiter (n) /wet/ Kellner(in)

/teliselz psn/ /vet/

Tierarzt; Tierrztin

Time Expressions Zeitausdrcke

a few moments ago

/ fju mmnts vor ein paar Sekunden g/ 32

I was speaking to Rob on the phone a few moments ago.

in 1998/2005

last week/summer etc /lst wik/sm/ over the years recently (adv)

/n nantin nanti et/ tu aznd n fav/ /v jz/ /risntli/ /tde/

(im Jahre) 1998/2005 letzte Woche/letzten Sommer ber die Jahre in letzter Zeit

He went to university in 2004. Last summer I did fruit-picking in Greece. Ive done lots of part-time jobs over the years. What have you been doing recently?

this week/month etc /s wik/mn/ today (adv) When I was a (student) years ago yesterday (adv)

diese Woche/diesen Im ill I havent been to work this week. Monat heute vor Jahren gestern We went on a trip to EuroDisney today.

/wen a wz (stjudnt) / Als ich Student war /jz g/ /jestde/

When I was a student, I wanted to be a snowboarder. Years ago Mark wanted to be a soldier. What did you do yesterday?

Work Arbeit
accounts department (n) /kants dptmnt/ Buchhaltung advertisement (n) /dvtsmnt/ Anzeige advertising (n) apply for (a job) (phr v) pla f The accounts department is the place where a company keeps records of the money it receives and spends. I saw your advertisement for a sales assistant and would like to apply. Advertising is the business of making advertisements. Edna is applying for a position as sales assistant in a department store. When we wanted to go to the toilet we had to ask for permission. I would be available for an interview at any time, even at short notice. A lot of people think teachers and nurses are badly paid. Jack works as a bodyguard and hes based in London. You look tired you should have a break. Im bored at home and feel Im ready for a new challenge.

/dvtaz/

Werbung sich um eine Stelle bewerben

ask for permission /sk f pmn/ um Erlaubnis bitten available (adj) /velbl/ zur Verfgung (stehen) badly-paid (adj) be based at/in /bi best t/n/ have a break challenge (n)

/bdliped/

schlecht bezahlt seinen Arbeitsplatz haben in eine Pause machen Herausforderung

/hv brek/ /ln/ /klant/

charge (35 per hour) (v) (TS) // berechnen (35 die Stunde) Kate earns a reasonably good salary she charges 35 per hour. client (n) (TS) Klient(in) Your clients are the people who you do work for.

33

company (n) have a day off department (n) details (n pl) earn (v) employ (v) (TS) employee (n)

/kmp()ni/

Firma einen Tag freinehmen Abteilung Details verdienen beschftigen Mitarbeiter(in)

Mark has his own company hes a company director. I never had a day off when I was an au pair! Elsie runs the photography department. Please see my Curriculum Vitae for more details. In which job can you earn the most money? We employ a staff of 105. Arthur is our oldest employee at 87. Please see my Curriculum Vitae, enclosed, for more details. Edna is an experienced shop assistant who has worked in different departments. My job as a bodyguard involves a lot of foreign travel. When we wanted to go to the toilet we had to ask for permission. Head office is the main office of a company where most of the staff work. Someone who works in import and export deals with other countries buying and selling goods. My job as a bodyguard involves a lot of foreign travel. Matt is unemployed but looking for a job in publishing. I look forward to hearing from you is a good way of ending a letter when you apply for a job. It can be hard to make a living as an actor.

/hv de f/ /dptmnt/ /ditelz/ /n/ /mpl/

enclosed (adj) /nklzd/ als Anlage experienced (adj) /ksprinst/ erfahren foreign travel (n) go to the toilet /g t tlt/ auf die Toilette gehen head office (n) /hed fs/ Zentrale import and export (n) /mpt n ekspt/ Import-Export involve (v) look for a job in

/mpli; empli/

/frn trvl/

Auslandsreisen

/nvlv/

mit einschlieen eine Stelle suchen in

look forward to (phr v) /lk fwd tu/ hoffen, bald make a living /mek lv/ seinen Lebensunterhalt verdienen

/lk fr b/

marketing (n) /mkt/ Marketing outdoors (adv) paid holiday (n) /ped hlde/ bezahlter Urlaub part-time (adj) /pttam/ Teilzeit- position (n)

People who work in marketing decide how to sell their products by deciding on price, type of customer etc. Farmers work outdoors a lot of the time. Mr Reynolds employees get four weeks paid holiday a year. I need to work 5 days a week I dont want a part-time job. Edna is applying for a position as sales assistant.

/atdz/

im Freien

/pzn/

Stelle

34

publishing (n)

quality control (n) /kwlti kntrl/ Qualittskontrolle resign (v) be responsible for /bi rspnsbl f/ verantwortlich sein fr retire (v) retirement age (n) /rtamnt e/ Pensionsalter run a business/department salary (n)

/pbl/ /rzan/ /rta/

Verlagswesen

Publishing is the business of selling books and magazines. Someone who works in quality control must make sure that things are of a good enough quality to sell. She decided to resign when she got married. Sarah is a receptionist and shes responsible for appointments and accounts. We never force anybody to retire here. Retirement age in the UK is 60 for women and 65 for men. Mr Reynolds son is going to run the business from next year. Our staff are happy because we pay them a decent salary. Layla is responsible for sales and promotion at a company called Bensons. Someone who is self-employed works for themselves. If you do something at short notice, you do it without having much time to prepare or think about it. Nurses work long hours and the job can be very stressful. My sons going to take over the business next year. Tourism is the business of selling holidays to people. Vets and doctors have to do a long training. Someone who is unemployed does not have a job. Nurses, teachers and police officers all do very useful jobs. Ive wanted to be a surgeon since I was a child its my vocation. Top football players are very well paid. Working from home can be lonely. Half of the workers at Mr Reynolds store are over retirement age. Good working conditions are important in any job.

kndigen

in den Ruhestand gehen

/rn bzns/ das Geschft fhren dptmnt/ /slri/

Gehalt

sales and promotion (n) /selz n prmn/ Verkauf und Werbung self-employed (adj) (TS) at short notice /t t nts/ kurzfristig stressful (adj) take over (phr v) (TS) tourism (n) training (n) unemployed (adj) useful (adj)

/selfmpld/ /stresfl/

freiberuflich

stressig bernehmen Tourismus Ausbildung arbeitslos ntzlich

/tek v/ /tren/ /jusfl/

/trz()m/ /nmpld/

vocation (n) (TS) /vken/ Beruf well-paid (adj) work from home

/welped/

gut bezahlt von zu Hause aus arbeiten

worker (n) (TS) /wk/ Mitarbeiter(in) working conditions (n pl)

/wk frm hm/

/wk kndnz/

Arbeitsbedingungen

35

Review B (p.56)
advice (n) /dvas/ Rat; Beratung ambitious (adj) but (conj) If youre not sure what to do, you can always ask for advice. Helenas ambitious but Im more relaxed. Helenas ambitious but Im more relaxed. Helena and Kate have become much closer in the last five years. Tom and I are very different. In fact were complete opposites. She earns a lot of money and drives a beautiful car. I cant afford to work part time I need a full-time job. A handsome man is very good-looking. In many ways we are similar. However there are some differences. The best thing about Helena is her kindness she always buys beautiful presents for everyone. Could you lend me your mobile? Kates a great listener. If I have a problem, I can always talk to her. Helena had to look after Kate because she was her older sister. David talks too much about fashion. On the other hand hes the kindest person I know. Nurses dont earn a lot they should get a pay rise. Kate works for a TV company as a researcher. Shes trying to save money by not buying new clothes. Sensitive people often cry a lot. She isnt interested in looking smart she usually wears jeans and a T-shirt. Helena is the director of a small but successful company.

/mbs/ /bt/

ehrgeizig aber

close (adj) /kls/ nah be complete opposites (TS) /bi kmplit pzts/ drive (v) full-time (adj) handsome (adj) ganz gegenstzliche Charaktere sein fahren Vollzeit- gut aussehend

/drav/

/fltam/

however (conj) /haev/ jedoch kindness (n) /kandns/ Liebenswrdigkeit lend (v) listener (n) /lsn/ Zuhrer(in) look after (phr v) /lk ft/ aufpassen auf; sorgen fr on the other hand /n i hnd/ andererseits pay rise (n) researcher (n) save money sensitive (adj)

/hnsm/

/lend/

borgen; leihen

/pe raz/

Gehaltserhhung Forscher(in) Geld sparen sensibel

/rs; ris/ /sev mni/ /senstv/ /sksesfl/

smart (adj) /smt/ schick successful (adj) erfolgreich

36

turn off (phr v)

whereas (conj) /werz/ wohingegen

/tn f/

ausschalten

Turn off your mobiles before going into the exam room. David wants to work as an engineer whereas I want to be an architect.

Unit 7 (p.60)
accommodation (n) (TS) arrest (v)

/kmden/ /rest/

Unterkunft verhaften

Helens accommodation will be with the Odoi family. Police arrested five people. Dont you want to stay in a hotel? No, I want to have an authentic experience. A small group of people broke away from the peaceful demonstrators. Trafalgar Square was swarming with people and buzzing with activity. Do you agree that multinational companies are causing global warming? Volunteers help to construct houses, bridges and roads. The volunteers coordinator, Bob White, is meeting Helen when she arrives. You really experience the local culture with Eco Holidays. A group of protesters delivered a letter to the Prime Minister. Volunteers do a lot of different duties. Protesters marched from the US embassy to Trafalgar Square. The Climate change march was a big event 20,000 people took part. In the survey, everybody had used plastic bags for their shopping. You really experience the local culture with Eco Holidays. Im in favour of small family-run companies.

authentic (adj) (TS) /entk/ authentisch; echt break away (from) (phr v) /brek we/ sich trennen von be buzzing with activity /bi bz w ktvti/ viel los sein cause (v) (TS) /kz/ verursachen construct (v) coordinator (n) (TS) /kdnet/ Koordinator(in) culture (n) (TS) deliver a letter /dlvr let/ einen Brief abgeben duty (n) embassy (n) /embsi/ Botschaft event (n) /vent/ Ereignis everybody (pron) /evribdi/ alle Leute; jeder experience (v) (TS) family-run (adj)

/knstrkt/ /kl/ /djuti/

konstruieren

Kultur

Pflicht

/ksprins/ /fmlirn/

erleben Familien-

37

farmers market (n) (TS) /fmz mkt/ Bauernmarkt fight (against) (v) /fat (genst)/ kmpfen gegen fortunate (adj) (TS) /fnt/ Glck haben gain (v) go through (phr v) (TS)

I support local farmers and buy food from farmers markets. Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid for over fifty years. Helen wants to help people in developing countries who are less fortunate. Volunteers learn new skills and gain self-confidence. If you go through something again, you explain it again. Its my first demonstration and Im having fun with my friends. Im against food imports and support local farmers. Eco Holidays will send you information about their holidays. A large number of people have drunk bottled water in the past two weeks. Im worried, Helen. Ghanas a long way from here. A group of protesters on bicycles made their way to 10 Downing Street.

/gen/

gewinnen durchgehen

have fun (TS) /hv fn/ Spa haben imports (n pl) (TS) information (n) (TS) /nfmen/ Information a large/small number of a long way (TS)

/g ru/ /mpts/

Importe

/ l/sml nmbr v/ / l we/

eine groe/kleine Anzahl von weit weg

make your way to /mek j we tu/ sich begeben most people /mst pipl/ die meisten Leute nobody (pron) /nbdi/ niemand ocean (n) (TS) only a few people organisation (n)

In the survey most people had bought a hamburger in a plastic container. The survey found that nobody had paid more for environmentally-friendly products. Multinational companies pollute rivers and oceans. Only a few people have picked up litter. I work for an organisation called Eco Holidays. The event was organised by the Campaign Against Global Warming. An orphanage is a place for children without parents. Were against big hotels and package holidays. 20,000 people participated in the march. Im in favour of protecting wild animals like polar bears and penguins. Whos picking you up at the airport?

/n/

Ozean nur wenige Leute Organisation

organise (v) /gnaz/ organisieren orphanage (n) package holiday (TS) participate (v)

/gnazen/ /f()n/

/nli fju pipl/

Waisenhaus Pauschalreise teilnehmen

/pk hlde/ /ptspet/

penguin (n) (TS) /pegwn/ Pinguin pick sb up (phr v) (TS)

/pk smbdi p/

abholen

38

piper (n) poetry reading (n)

/pap/

Dudelsackpfeifer Dichterlesung

Music was provided by bands and Scottish pipers. The day started with speeches and poetry readings. A polar bear is a large white bear that lives in cold regions. Music was provided by bands and Scottish pipers. Multinational companies pollute rivers and oceans. Volunteers learn new skills and gain self-confidence. Some protesters tried to set fire to a supermarket. Several people or things is a number that is more than one or two, but not many. Sick animals are animals that are ill or injured. Volunteers learn new skills and gain self-confidence. If you smash something that is made of glass, you break it. The day started off early outside the US embassy. Trafalgar Square was swarming with people and buzzing with activity. In London today, 20,000 people took part in protest marches and demonstrations. When a clock ticks, it makes a small noise. Change your life and do something important. Become a volunteer. Write down their name and address for me.

polar bear (n) (TS) /pl be/ Eisbr provided by river (n) (TS) self-confidence (n) set fire to sth

/ptri rid/

/prvadd ba/ /rv/ /selfknfdns/

hier: gespielt von Fluss Selbstvertrauen anznden

several (pron) /sevrl/ mehrere sick (adj) skill (n) smash (v) start off (phr v)

/set fa t sm/ /sk/

krank Fertigkeit kaputt machen anfangen

/skl/

/sm/

be swarming with people /bi swm w pipl/ wimmeln von Menschen take part in sth /tek pt n sm/ teilnehmen an tick (v) volunteer (n) /vlnt/ freiwillige(r) Helfer(in) write down (phr v) (TS)

/stt f/

/tk/

ticken

/rat dan/

aufschreiben

Climate change Klimawandel

campaign (n) /kmpen/ Kampagne carry banners demand urgent action /dmnd nt kn/ schnelles Handeln fordern demonstrate (against) (TS) /demnstret/ demonstrieren gegen demonstration (n) /demnstren/ Demonstration The event was organised by the Campaign Against Global Warming. Protestors were carrying banners and shouting slogans. They delivered a letter demanding urgent action on climate change. The people from Eco Holidays are demonstrating against mass tourism. In London today, 20,000 people took part in protest marches and demonstrations.

/kri bnz/

Transparente tragen

39

demonstrator (n) /demnstret/ Demonstrant(in) destroy (v) global warming (n) /glbl wm/ Erderwrmung ice cap (n) (TS) /as kp/ Eiskappe march (v) melt (v) (TS) /melt/ schmelzen peaceful (adj) /pisfl/ friedlich peacefully (adv) protest (against) (v) /prtest/ protestieren gegen protest march (n) /prtest m/ Protestmarsch protestor (n) /prtest/ Demonstrant(in) shout slogans speech (n) talks (n pl) urgent action (n)

A small group of people separated from the peaceful demonstrators. Matt thinks that the company is destroying the planet. A lot of people think that air travel is responsible for global warming. If the ice caps melt, where will penguins and polar bears live? Protesters marched slowly to Trafalgar Square. When ice caps melt, they disappear because the atmosphere is too warm. A small group of people separated from the peaceful demonstrators. Most of the protesters marched peacefully. Thirty-six million people protested against the Iraq war in 2003. In London today, 20,000 people took part in protest marches and demonstrations. A group of protesters on bicycles delivered a letter to the Prime Minister. Protestors were carrying banners and shouting slogans. The day started with speeches and poetry readings. World leaders met for climate change talks. The letter demanded urgent action on climate change. World leaders are very important politicians in big countries.

/dstr/

zerstren

/m/

marschieren

/pisf()li/

friedlich

/at slgnz/ /spi/ /tks/

Parolen rufen Rede Gesprche dringendes Handeln die fhrenden Politiker der Welt

world leaders (n pl) /wld lidz/

/nt kn/

Environment

Umwelt
Matt thinks that Regal Chemicals is polluting the atmosphere. A bottle bank is a place where people can take empty bottles for recycling. Cycling to work is better for the environment than driving a car.

atmosphere (n) /tmsf/ Atmosphre bottle bank (n) /btl bk/ Sammelstelle fr Flaschen cycle to school/work /sakl t skul/wk/ mit dem Rad zur Schule/Arbeit fahren

40

drink bottled water /drk btld wt/

Mineralwasser in Flaschen trinken

If you drink bottled water, you should recycle the bottles. Would you pay more for environmentally-friendly products? The slow increase in the temperature of the Earth is called global warming. The aim of the survey was to find out how green the people of Greensville are. Mass-produced, cheap clothes cannot be recycled. Mass tourism can be bad for the local culture. Do you agree that multinational companies are causing global warming?

environmentally-friendly (adj) /nvarnmentlifrendli/ umweltfreundlich global warming (n) /glbl wm/ Erderwrmung green (adj) /grin/ grn mass-produced (adj) mass tourism (n) (TS)

/ms prdjust/

aus der Massenproduktion Massentourismus multinationales Unternehmen

multinational company (n) (TS) /mltinn()l kmp()ni/

/ms trz()m/

organic farming/vegetables (n) /gnk fm/ vetblz/

biodynamische Volunteers plant trees and do organic farming. Landwirtschaft; Bio-Gemse If you pick up litter, you pick up paper, bottles etc that people have left on the ground in a public place. Volunteers plant trees and do organic farming. Using plastic bags for your shopping is bad for the environment. The plastic containers for hamburgers are also bad for the environment. Multinational companies pollute rivers and oceans. Using public transport is better for the environment. Do you recycle bottles? Renewable energy can be replaced by natural processes and is never used up. Travelling by air is bad for the environment. Im in favour of protecting wild animals such as polar bears and penguins.

pick up litter /pk p lt/ Mll aufheben plant trees plastic bag (n) /plstk bg/ Plastikbeutel plastic container (n) /plstk knten/ Kunststoffverpackung pollute (v) (TS) public transport (n) recycle bottles

/plnt triz/

Bume pflanzen

/plut/

verschmutzen ffentliche Verkehrsmittel Flaschen recyceln

/pblk trnspt/ /risakl bt()lz/ /trvl ba e/

renewable energy (n) /rnjubl eni/ erneuerbare Energie travel by air Luftverkehr wild animals (n) (TS) /wald nml/ Tiere in freier Wildbahn

Opinions Meinungen
Im against

/am genst/

Ich bin gegen ...

Im against food imports and support local farmers.

41

Im not anti-cars/tourism etc

I believe in /a bliv n/ Ich glaube an ... I dont really care about Im in favour of

/am nt nti kz/ trz()m/ /a dnt rli ker bat/ /am n fevr v/

Ich bin nicht gegen Autos/Tourismus

Im not anti-cars I have a car but I think people should use public transport more. Im not against tourism but I believe in responsible tourism. I dont really care about people they can look after themselves. Im in favour of small family-run companies. I dont feel strongly about politics, but Im worried about global warming. I support local farmers and buy food from farmers markets. I dont feel strongly about politics, but Im worried about global warming.

... sind mir eigentlich egal.... Ich halte . fr gut Ich bin nicht sonderlich interessiert an ...

I dont feel strongly about /a dnt fil strli bat/

I support /a spt/ Ich untersttze .... Im worried about /am wrd bat/ Ich mache mir Sorgen um ......

On the Phone Am Telefon

Could I speak to ? /kd a spik tu/ Whos speaking? Hold on a moment, please. Knnte ich mit .... sprechen? Wer spricht denn da? Bleiben Sie einen Moment bitte dran. Ich versuche, Sie durchzustellen. Ich frchte, er/sie ist nicht da. Mchten Sie eine Nachricht hinterlassen? Could I speak to the Managing Director, please? Whos speaking? My names Matt Walker. Hold on a moment, please. Ill try to put you through. Hold on a moment, please. Ill try to put you through. Hello. Im afraid Mr Carr is out at the moment. Would you like to leave a message? Yes, please.

/huz spik/

Ill try to put you through. /al tra t pt ju ru/ Im afraid hes/shes out. /am fred hiz/iz at/ Would you like to leave a message?

/hld n mmnt pliz/

/wd ju lak t liv mes/

Unit 8 (p.68)
Absolutely. /bslutli/ Absolut afterwards (adv) I think children need their mothers at home. Absolutely. My father left school early and regretted it afterwards.

/ftwdz/

nachher

42

avoid (v) become (v) blood-red (adj)

/vd/

vermeiden werden blutrot

Avoid talking about subjects such as politics and religion. Its very expensive to become a geisha. Geishas have white faces and blood-red lips. A trainee geisha has to leave her family and move into a special boarding house. If youre unemployed, tell them about your plans for a brilliant career. You should give Mum a quick kiss on the cheek. If you make a comment about something, you criticise it. Life was less complicated in my day. More and more people are training to be computer programmers. Avoid controversial topics of conversation. You should cook for your boyfriend. Do you think couples should live together before they get married? A geisha has to serve and entertain customers. You should arrive on time for dates with your girlfriend. Were definitely not in a hurry to get married. We asked Makiko to describe what a geisha does. Miss Lewis taught us to develop our own photographs. We couldnt disturb him because he was tired. Tonys father wanted him to do well at school. The elderly is an expression meaning old people. Andy went to university and studied engineering. Do you enjoy your life as a geisha? I love it. A geisha has to serve and entertain customers. We didnt have a TV so we had to make our own entertainment. You should pay when you go out. Women want to be equal, but not that equal!

/bkm/

boarding house (n) /bd has/ Pension brilliant (adj) /brljnt/ brillant cheek (n) comment (n) complicated (adj) (TS)

/bldred/

/ik/

Wange; Backe Bemerkung; Kommentar kompliziert Computer- programmierer(in) kontrovers kochen

/kment/

computer programmer (n) /kmpjut prgrm/ controversial (adj) cook (v)

/kmplketd/ /kntrvl/ /kk/

couple (n) /kpl/ Paar customer (n) date (n) definitely (adv) describe (v) develop photographs disturb (v) do well the elderly (n pl)

/kstm/ /det/ /def()ntli/ /dskrab/ /dvelp/ /dstb/

Kunde(in) Verabredung bestimmt beschreiben Fotos entwickeln stren gut abschneiden ltere Menschen Maschinenbau; Ingenieurwesen einem Spa machen unterhalten

/du wel/

engineering (n) /ennr/ enjoy (v) entertain (v)

/i eldli/ /n/

entertainment (n) /enttenmnt/ Unterhaltung equal (adj) /ikwl/ gleich(berechtigt)

/entten/

43

fascinated (adj) fasten (v) (TS)

/fsnetd/ /fsn/ /fm/

fasziniert anschnallen

Both Japanese and foreigners are fascinated by geisha. Fasten your seatbelt, grandad. Its fine to wear jeans and a T-shirt most of the time, but not when you meet the parents. Greet Dad with a firm handshake. Flower arranging is a traditional Japanese art. Foreigners are people who come from other countries Scott thinks colleges and universities should be free for everybody. When Scott was at school, he had a lot of freedom. We asked Makiko to describe what a geisha does. A generation is a group of people who are born and live at about the same time. When you greet someone, you say hello to them or shake their hand. When I was growing up, my father was always at work. Greet Dad with a firm handshake. Its a hard life for a trainee geisha she has to leave her family and live in a boarding house. I love being a geisha but its hard work. Find out if you have anything in common with the parents before you meet them. I have a good relationship with my dad I dont have to hide anything from him.

Its fine to /ts fan tu/ Es ist in Ordnung firm (adj) flower arranging (n) foreigner (n) fest Blumenstecken Auslnder(in)

/fla ren/ /frn/

free (adj) /fri/ kostenlos freedom (n) geisha (n)

/fridm/ /ge/

Freiheit Geisha

generation (n) /enren/ Generation greet (v) /grit/ begren grow up (phr v) handshake (n)

/gr p/

aufwachsen Hndedruck

Its a hard life /ts hd laf/ Das Leben ist hart be hard work have sth in common (with sb) /hv sm n kmn/

/hndek/

/bi hd wk/

harte Arbeit sein etwas gemein mit jmd haben

hide (v) /had/ verbergen

high school (n) /ha skul/ Gymnasium; Sekundarschule Sometimes I want to wear jeans and go to high school like a normal teenager. honest (adj) a horse and cart (n) (TS) / hs n kt/ Pferdewagen hungry (adj) be in a hurry in my day (TS)

/nst/

ehrlich

Dont tell lies. You should be honest about what you do. I thought you drove a horse and cart in your day. Hmm, very funny! Dont give him a salad if hes hungry. Were definitely not in a hurry to get married. Life was less complicated in my day.

/hgri/

hungrig es eilig haben zu meiner Zeit

/bi n hri/ /n ma de/

44

in the back (TS) instrument (n)

/n bk/

auf dem Rcksitz Instrument

You have to fasten your seatbelt in the back. Geishas have to learn to play instruments. Im a sort of interior design consultant. He works in a furniture shop. Women hate it when you keep them waiting. A kimono costs three million yen, thats about $30,000. Give Mum a kiss on the cheek. Geishas have to learn traditional Japanese arts. Geishas have white faces and blood-red lips. I have to work to pay for any luxuries I want. A geisha has to sing, dance and make conversation. Make an effort to dress smartly when you meet the parents. Its important to make a good first impression. Attitudes to marriage have changed over the years. You must study medicine for seven years before becoming a doctor. Scotts grandfather was proud to do military service. I had a beautiful motorbike a Triumph. We couldnt drive fast because there werent any motorways. Geishas are beautiful and mysterious women. My father was very strict and we had to obey him. Can you have a family later? Of course, I can get married when I choose. You have to wear a seatbelt. Oh dear. All these rules and regulations. Dont go to the opposite extreme and wear your job interview clothes. Ill get the photo albums and we can look at some photos.

interior design (n) (TS) /ntri dzan/ Innenarchitektur keep sb waiting kimono (n) kiss (n) learn (v) lips (n pl) luxury (n) make conversation

/nstrmnt/

/kip smbdi wet/ /kmn/ /ks/ /ln/

jmd warten lassen Kimono Kuss lernen Lippen Luxus (artikel) Konversation machen

/lps/

/lkri/

make an effort /mek n eft/ sich anstrengen make a good impression /mek gd mpren/ marriage (n) einen guten Eindruck machen Ehe

/mek knvsen/

medicine (n) /medsn/ Medizin military service (n) motorbike (n) (TS)

/mr/

/mlt()ri svs/ /mtbak/ /mstris/ /be /

Militrdienst Motorrad

motorway (n) (TS) /mtwe/ Autobahn mysterious (adj) obey (v) geheimnisvoll gehorchen natrlich; selbstverstndlich

of course /v ks/

Oh dear! (TS) / d/ O je go to the opposite extreme

photo album (n) (TS) /ft lbm/ Fotoalbum

/g t i pzt ins andere Extrem gehen kstrim/

45

play a role /ple rl/ eine Rolle spielen politics (n) pregnant (adj)

University students play an important role in the future of the country. Dont talk about politics or religion. We got married when Louise found out she was pregnant. Be prepared to answer questions.

/pltks/

Politik schwanger auf etwas vorbereitet sein; bereit sein

Be prepared to /bi prped tu/

/pregnnt/

preserve (v) /przv/ erhalten be proud of sb (TS) /bi prad v smbdi/ stolz auf jmd sein public place (n) regret (v) relationship (n) religion (n)

Geishas play an important role in preserving Japanese culture and history. Recently I won a photography competition Miss Lewis would be proud of me! We had to meet girlfriends in public places. I left school early and regretted it. Scott and his father have a close relationship. Avoid subjects such as politics and religion. Do some research and find out information about the parents before you meet them. You have to wear a seatbelt. Oh dear. All these rules and regulations. Fasten your seatbelt, grandad. A geisha has to serve and entertain customers. You probably dont share the same opinions so dont talk about politics or religion. My father was very strict and we had to obey him. Come in and take a seat. If you take care of someone, you look after them. You probably dont share the same opinions and tastes as the parents. The tea ceremony is a Japanese custom that involves serving tea. Tell the truth you should be honest about what you do. Avoid topics of conversation such as politics or religion. Geishas have to learn traditional Japanese arts.

/pblk plesz/ /rgret/ /rlenp/

ffentlicher Ort bedauern Beziehung Religion

research (n) /rs; ris/ Recherche rules and regulations (n pl) (TS) /rulz n regjlenz/ Regeln und Vorschriften seatbelt (n) serve (v)

/rl()n/

/sitbelt/ /sv/

Sicherheitsgurt bedienen

share (v) /e/ teilen strict (adj) Take a seat. (TS) take care of

/strkt/

strikt Nehmen Sie Platz. fr jmd sorgen

/tek sit/

taste (n) /test/ Geschmack tea ceremony (n) /ti sermni/ Tee-Zeremonie tell the truth topic of conversation (n) traditional (adj)

/tek ker v/

/tel tru/ /trdn()l/

die Wahrheit sagen Gesprchsthema traditionell

/tpk v knvsen/

46

trainee (adj) varied (adj)

/treni/ /verd/

in der Ausbildung vielseitig

Its a hard life for a trainee geisha. Her lessons were interesting and varied. You may be good-looking and well-dressed but you have to make her laugh as well. He was very strict we had to obey him without question.

well-dressed (adj) /weldrest/ gut gekleidet without question /wat kwes()n/ ohne Widerrede

Education and Training Bildung und Ausbildung

academic (adj) (TS) apply for a place /pla fr ples/

/kdemk/

akademisch sich um einen Studienplatz bewerben

I wasnt very academic at school, but I loved art. At 17 or 18 many students apply for a place at university. Recently I won a photography competition Miss Lewis would be proud of me! Students get a degree when they finish the course. Students get a degree when they finish the course. If you fail your end-of-year exams, you can usually take them again. You have to pass an entrance exam if you want to go to university. Did you pass your exam or fail? Final year exams are often called finals. A gap year is a year between school and university when students often go abroad.

competition (n) (TS) /kmptn/ Wettbewerb course (n) degree (n)

/ks/

Kurs Hochschulabschluss

end-of-year exam (n) /endvj gzm/ Jahresabschlussprfung entrance exam (n) /entrns gzm/ Aufnahmeprfung fail (an exam) (v) finals (n pl)

/dgri/

/fel (n gzm) / /fanlz/

durchfallen Abschlussprfungen ein Jahr Pause zwischen Schule und Studium einen Studienplatz bekommen eine Universitt besuchen etwas gut knnen

gap year (n) /gp j/ get a place at (university) /get ples/ go to university be good at sth

When Tony was eighteen, he got a place at university. It costs a lot of money to go to university. Art was Andys favourite subject he was good at it. My parents didnt support me financially because I got a grant. Tony had to do his homework every night after school. She was a really good teacher her lessons were interesting and varied.

/g t junvsti/ /bi gd t sm/ /hmwk/

grant (n) /grnt/ Stipendium homework (n) leave school/university Hausaufgaben

lesson (n) /lesn/ Unterrichtsstunde

/liv skul/junvsti/

Schule/Universitt verlassen Gordon left school early and regretted it afterwards.

47

nursery school (n) /ns()ri skul/ Kindergarten pass (a test/exam) (v) primary school (n) qualify (v) secondary school (n) studies (n pl) subject (n) support sb financially

Most children go to nursery school between the ages of 3 and 5. Students get a degree when they pass the final exams. Children start primary school at the age of 5. Children start secondary school at the age of 11. Scotts parents pay for his college studies. Whats your favourite subject at school? My parents didnt support me financially because I got a grant. If you fail your end-of-year exams, you can usually take them again. What job would you like to train for? A vocational course is one such as secretarial studies or car maintenance that trains you directly for a job.

/ps ( test/gzm) / /pramri skul/ /kwlfa/ /stdiz/

bestehen Grundschule Sekundarstufe Studium Fach

die Ausbildung abschlieen It takes seven years before you qualify as a doctor.

/seknd()ri skul/ /sbekt/

take a test/exam /tek test/gzm/ train (v)

/spt smbdi jmd finanziell untersttzen fann()li/

einen Test/eine Prfung machen eine Ausbildung erhalten

vocational course (n) /vken()l ks/ berufsorientierter Kurs

/tren/

Unit 9 (p.76)
ability (n) addictive (adj)

/blti/

Fhigkeit schtig machend

Someone who is confident is certain about their abilities. Coffee can be addictive argument. On some people, dimples appear in their cheeks when they smile. A true smile involves the muscles around the eyes. Someone who is a rebel has no respect for authority. Someone who is sensitive cares about other peoples feelings. Sensitive people dont usually like being the centre of attention in a crowd. Someone who is confident is certain about their abilities. When you have a cold, your nose is blocked and you cough.

appear (v) /p/ erscheinen around (prep) authority (n)

/dktv/

/rand/

um Autoritt

care (about) (v) /ker (bat) / sich kmmern um the centre of attention / sentr v tenn/ certain (adj) Mittelpunkt der Aufmerksamkeit sicher

/rti/

a cold (n) / kld/ eine Erkltung

/stn/

48

at the corners of /t knz v/ in den Mundwinkeln the cost of living (n) the country (n) crowd (n)

A true smile involves the muscles at the corners of the mouth. The cost of living is cheap in Thailand. Do you like doing long walks in the country? Shy people do not feel confident in a crowd. When people smile, wrinkles appear around the edge of their eyes. A listener will smile to encourage the speaker. The genuine smile of enjoyment makes us feel good, and other people too. A true smile is extremely hard to fake. Fake is the opposite of true. Its very difficult to fake a true smile. How long have you been here, Jeff? For about six months. Genuine means the same as true. When people smile their eyebrows go up. When two people have a conversation, they talk to each other. When you have a tooth out, the dentist removes it. A honeymoon is a holiday that two people have after they get married. If your aunt gives you a horrible birthday present, you might give a polite smile. An inspiring place makes you feel happy and excited. Optimists can sometimes be irritating. A joker is someone with a good sense of humour who likes doing or saying funny things. The jungles in the north of Thailand are perfect for elephant trekking. Ive got a cold. Dont worry it wont kill you. A laid-back lifestyle is calm and relaxed. Your lifestyle is the type of life you lead.

/ kst v lv/ / kntri/ /krad/

Lebensunterhaltskosten das Land Menge

the edge of /i e v/ Rand encourage (v) enjoyment (n) /nmnt/ Vergngen extremely (adv) fake (adj) fake (v)

/nkr/

ermuntern

/kstrimli/ /fek/ /fek/

uerst falsch flschen

for (prep) /weak f; strong f/ seit genuine (adj) go up (phr v)

/enjun/ /g p/

genuin; echt hochgehen

have a conversation /hv knvsen/ ein Gesprch haben have a tooth out honeymoon (n) (TS) /hnimun/ Flitterwochen horrible (adj) /hrbl/ furchtbar inspiring (adj) (TS) irritating (adj)

/hv tu at/

einen Zahn ziehen lassen

joker (n) /k/ Witzbold jungle (n) /gl/ Dschungel kill (v) laid-back (adj) (TS) lifestyle (n)

/rtet/

/nspar/

inspirierend lstig

/kl/

umbringen entspannt Lebensstil

/ledbk/ /lafstal/

49

lock (v) make sb feel good miserable (adj)

/lk/

abschlieen jmd sich wohlfhlen lassen elend; unglcklich

When you lock a door, you close it using a key. A true smile makes you and other people feel good. Miserable means very sad or unhappy. What do you miss about home? Not the weather or food, but I miss my family and friends. Mouth-watering food smells or tastes good. What does Jeff like about Thailand, apart from the obvious things like weather, food and lifestyle? An optimist sees the positive side of life. A pessimist sees the negative side of life. A polite smile is the sort of smile you give when someone gives you a horrible birthday present. Im going to propose to Dawn I hope she says yes. Raised eyebrows and dimples in the cheeks are signs of a true smile. A realist knows that there are ups and downs in life. Someone who is a rebel has no respect for authority. Hans has rented a house in Thailand because he wants to write a novel. Someone who is a rebel has no respect for authority. The Rayavadee Hotel is wonderful they put rose petals in our bath! Someone who has a good sense of humour can laugh at things and tell jokes. An optimist sees the positive side of life; a pessimist sees the negative side of life. Becky and Jeff have been running a bar on the beach since 2004. Very often social smiles are not real; they are fake smiles. According to research, we smile for many different reasons.

/mek smbdi fil gd/ /mz()rbl/

miss (v) (TS) /ms/ vermissen mouth-watering (adj) obvious (adj) (TS) /bvis/ offensichtlich optimist (n) pessimist (n)

/mawtr/ /ptmst/

appetitlich

Optimist(in) Pessimist(in)

polite (adj) /plat/ hflich propose (v) raised (adj) /rezd/ hochgezogen realist (n) rebel (n)

/pesmst/ /prpz/

vorschlagen

/rlst/ /rebl/

Realist(in) Rebell(in)

rent (v) (TS) /rent/ mieten respect (n) rose petals (n pl) (TS) /rz petlz/ Rosenblten sense of humour (n) /sens v hjum/ Sinn fr Humor the positive/negative side of life

/rspekt/

Respekt

since (prep) /sns/ seit smile (n) /smal/ Lcheln smile (v) /smal/ lcheln

/ pztv/negtv sad v laf/

die positive/negative Seite des Lebens

50

social smile (n) /sl smal/ soziales Lcheln speaker (n) start up (phr v) (TS) stay away (phr v) (TS)

Very often social smiles are not real; they are fake smiles. A listener will smile to encourage the speaker. I hope to start up my own company soon. Tourists stayed away for a long time after the tsunami. People who are sure of themselves are often bossy and ambitious. Fake smiles are easy to do you just have to tighten the muscles in your cheeks. A toothy smile is one in which you show your teeth. A realist knows that there are ups and downs in life. Someone who is easygoing is calm and is not easy to upset. A place that is vibrant is lively and interesting. I never waste time worrying about the future. Shall we go to the cinema? Yeah, whatever. I dont really mind. A wide, toothy smile shows that a person is easygoing and friendly. Wrinkles are small lines that appear in the skin on your face.

/spik/

Sprecher(in) anfangen mit fernbleiben

/stt p/

be sure of yourself /bi v jself/ selbstsicher sein tighten (v) /tatn/ straffen toothy (adj) ups and downs (n pl)

/ste we/

/tui/

die Zhne zeigend Hhen und Tiefen

upset (v) /pset/ aus der Ruhe bringen vibrant (adj) waste time

/ps n danz/ /vabrnt/

pulsierend Zeit verschwenden

whatever (pron) (TS) /wtev/ wie auch immer wide (adj) /wad/ breit wrinkle (n) /rkl/ Falte

/west tam/

Adjectives to describe CharaCter Adjektive, den den Charakter beschreiben

ambitious (adj) bossy (adj) /bsi/ herrschschtig calm (adj) cheeky (adj) /iki/ frech confident (adj) easygoing (adj) friendly (adj)

/mbs/ /km/

ehrgeizig

Someone who is ambitious wants to be successful. Someone who is bossy likes telling other people what to do. Someone who is calm is relaxed and not easy to upset. Someone who is cheeky has a good sense of humour but no respect for authority. Someone who is confident is certain about their abilities. Someone who is easygoing is relaxed and calm. A friendly person enjoys being with other people.

ruhig

/knfd()nt/ /izig/ /frendli/

selbstbewusst gelassen; lssig freundlich

51

hardworking (adj) /hdwk/ fleiig loyal (adj) nervous (adj)

Hardworking, ambitious people work hard to get what they want. A loyal friend continues to support you in difficult times. Shy people are nervous in the company of other people. A relaxed person is calm and does not worry a lot about things. Sensitive people care about other peoples feelings. Shy people can also be loyal, sensitive friends. Sociable people are friendly and enjoy being with other people. If you have a warm personality, you are friendly and sociable. The people in Thailand are warm and welcoming.

/ll/

loyal nervs

relaxed (adj) rlkst entspannt sensitive (adj) shy (adj)

/nvs/

/senstv/ /a/

sensibel schchtern

sociable (adj) /sbl/ kontaktfreudig warm (adj) /wm/ warm welcoming (adj)

/welkm/

gastfreundlich

Body idioms Idiomatische Ausdrcke, die mit dem Krper tun haben
cost an arm and a leg /kst n m n leg/ sehr viel kosten give sb a hand Something that costs an arm and a leg is extremely expensive. If you give someone a hand, you help them. If you keep your fingers crossed for someone, you hope that something good will happen to them. People who do not see eye to eye with each other, do not get on together or agree. If you pull someones leg, you say something to them as a joke.

/gv smbdi hnd/

jmd helfen

keep your fingers crossed /kip j fgz krst/ Daumen drcken (for sb) not see eye to eye with sb

pull sbs leg /pl smbdiz leg/ jmd auf den Arm nehmen

/nt si a tu a w anderer Meinung sein smbdi/

The Face/Hair
curly (adj)

das Gesicht/die Haare

Your cheeks are the soft parts on each side of your face below your eyes. Curly hair is not straight and falls in rings or circles. In some people, dimples appear in their cheeks when they smile. Raised eyebrows and dimples in the cheeks are signs of a true smile.

cheeks (n pl) /iks/ Wangen; Backen dimple (n) /dmpl/ Grbchen eyebrows (n pl) /abraz/ Augenbrauen

/kli/

lockig; kraus

52

full (adj)

mouth (n) /ma/ Mund pale (adj) pointed (adj) /pntd/ Spitz- rosy (adj) square (adj) /skwe/ kantig; eckig straight (adj)

/fl/

voll

Full lips are wide and round. Your mouth is the part of your face that you eat and speak with. Pale cheeks are white in colour. A pointed chin is long and narrow, with a point at the end. Rosy cheeks are red or pink in colour. A square chin has straight edges and is not curved or pointed. 1) Straight hair has no curls or waves. 2) Straight teeth are in the correct position and do not lean to one side. Its important to brush your teeth regularly. Thick eyebrows are wide with a lot of hairs. 1) Thin lips are straight and narrow. 2) Thin eyebrows are narrow with not many hairs. Wavy hair has waves or small curls in it. White teeth are the same colour as milk and look clean.

/pel/

blass

/rzi/ /stret/ /ti/

rosig

glatt; gerade

teeth (n pl) thick (adj) thin (adj) wavy (adj) white (adj) Zhne dicht; dick dnn wellig; lockig wei

/k/ /n/ /wevi/ /wat/

Review C (p.84)
close our eyes to sth (TS) fairly (adv) gardener (n) (TS) get tired of (TS)

/klz r az t sm/ /feli/ /gdn/

sich einer Sache gegenber blind stellen ziemlich Grtner(in) etwas satt haben

We mustnt close our eyes to the problem of the environment. Fairly is a word meaning quite.

After Dad lost his job, he started working as a gardener. Callum gets tired of eating potatoes, salad and apples. If you go green, you start do live in a way that is healthy for the environment. We eat very healthily now and Ive learned to cook some interesting vegetables.

go green /g grin/ grn werden healthily (adv) /helli/ gesund

/get tad v/

53

issue (n) (TS) /u; sju/

Angelegenheit; Frage; Problem

He started working as a gardener and thats how he became interested in green issues. Environmental groups try to persuade people to change their lives. Hazel knew Phil was serious about it, so she said yes. Meg wants to split up with her boyfriend as they have nothing in common. Meg wants to do something worthwhile so shes going to give some money to Greenpeace.

persuade (v) (TS) /pswed/ berreden serious (adj) split up (with) (phr v) /splt p/ sich trennen von worthwhile (adj) /wwal/ sinnvoll

/sris/

ernst

Unit 10 (p.88)
ancestors (n pl) /nsestz/ Vorfahren army officer (n) as soon as Your ancestors are people related to you who lived a long time ago. Darren is 26 and training to be an army officer. As soon as your husband arrives, hell have a fitness test. Is Petes sister like him? Not at all theyre like chalk and cheese. Once youre on the website, just click on the dish to see the complete recipe. If you consider something, you think about it. Their low-calorie diet consists of three quarters plant food and one quarter animal food. The little red Porsche was cute but I didnt use it much. My poor Daddy I used to drive him crazy! I got a car for my 17th birthday, but I didnt even have a driving licence. If you engrave something onto stone, you write it there using something such as a knife. As soon as your husband arrives, hell have a fitness test If you are full of beans, you are very energetic.

/mi fs/

Armeeoffizier sobald so verschieden wie Tag und Nacht sein

be like chalk and cheese /bi lak k n iz/

/z sun z/

click on (phr v) /klk n/ anklicken consider (v) consist (of) (v) /knsst (v) / bestehen aus cute (adj) drive sb crazy

/knsd/ /kjut/

berlegen

niedlich in den Wahnsinn treiben

driving licence (n) /drav lasns/ Fhrerschein engrave (v) /ngrev/ eingravieren; einschnitzen fitness test (n) be full of beans

/drav smbdi krezi/

/ftns test/ /bi fl v/

Fitnessprfung putzmunter sein

54

guy (n) /ga/ Kerl heaven (n) /hevn/ Himmel introduce (v) /ntrdjus/ vorstellen Its a piece of cake. knock (v) /nk/ klopfen lazy (adj) love-hate relationship (n) /lvhet rlenp/ Hass-Liebe-Beziehung low-calorie (adj) luggage (n) /lg/ Gepck non-existent (adj) not be sbs cup of tea be packed in like sardines

He used to introduce me to all these nice guys, but I wasnt interested in them. Heaven is the place where good people are supposed to go when they die. Daddy used to introduce me to all these nice guys, but I wasnt interested. Its not difficult at all, in fact its a piece of cake. If someone is ill, a neighbour will always knock on their door to see how they are. When Darren was a student, he used to be very lazy. I had a love-hate relationship with that car I loved it when it worked but I hated it when it broke down! Okinawans eat a low-calorie diet. We didnt take any luggage because there wasnt any room for suitcases. Nobody is in a hurry and timetables are non-existent. What do you think of that guy? Hes OK, but hes not really my cup of tea.

/ts pis v kek/ /lezi/

Es ist ein Kinderspiel.

faul

/lklri/

mit wenig Kalorien

/nngzst()nt/ /bi pkt n lak sdinz/

nicht vorhanden

/nt bi smbdz kp nicht jmds Typ sein v ti/

wie die Sardinen It was so crowded we were packed in like sardines. hineingepfercht warden A proverb is a short, well-known statement that gives practical advice about life. The Okinawans eat seven servings of fruit and vegetables every day. When the sun sets, it slowly disappears at the end of the day. Darren is very strong and has amazing stamina. Near a beach there is a large stone with a proverb engraved on it. If you have a healthy diet and a stress-free lifestyle, you will live longer. If you have a stress-resistant personality, you do not suffer from stress. Youre not allowed to have a cigarette in here its a strictly no-smoking area.

proverb (n) /prvb/ Sprichwort serving (n) /sv/ Portion set (v) /set/ untergehen stamina (n) (TS) stone (n) /stn/ Stein stress-free (adj) /stresfri/ stressfrei stress-resistant (adj) /stresrzst()nt/ widerstandsfhig strictly (adv) (TS) /strktli/ strengstens

/stmn/

Durchhaltevermgen

55

tent (n) /tent/ Zelt timetable (n) /tamtebl/ Terminplan; Zeitplan be in trouble /bi n trbl/ rger bekommen well-built (adj) youth (n)

Every weekend we left town with our tent in the back of the car. A timetable is a list of times at which you must do something or at which something happens. If you have a cigarette in a no-smoking area, youll be in trouble! Someone who is well-built has a body that looks strong. A youth is a young person, usually a teenager.

/welblt/ /ju/

krftig gebaut Jugendliche(r)

Cars Automobile
air conditioning (n) bonnet (n) /bnt/ Motorhaube boot (n) /but/ Kofferraum break down (phr v) /brek dan/ eine Panne haben bumper (n) /bmp/ Stostange economical (adj)

/e kndn/

Klimaanlage

Air conditioning is a system that makes the air colder. The bonnet is the front part of a car that covers the engine. The boot is the back part of a car that you can put luggage into. If your car breaks down, it stops working and you cant use it. A bumper is a piece of metal or rubber at the front and back of a car that protects it. A car that is economical to run does not use a lot of petrol. The engine is the part of a car that uses petrol to produce movement. A car that is environmentally friendly is designed not to harm the environment. One day it was raining, and the windscreen wiper fell off! Id like to drive a Chevrolet with a silver bumper and big, flashy headlights. The gear stick is the short metal stick in a car that you use when you increase speed. Id love to wear glamorous evening clothes and go to a restaurant in a Chevrolet! You pull a handbrake with your hand to keep a car still after it has stopped.

engine (n) /enn/ Motor

/iknmkl; wirtschaftlich eknmkl/

environmentally friendly (adj) /nvarnmentlifrendli/ umweltfreundlich fall off (phr v) flashy (adj) (TS) /fli/ auffllig gear stick (n) /g stk/ Schalthebel glamorous (adj) (TS) /glmrs/ flott; schick handbrake (n) /hndbrek/ Handbremse

/fl f/

herunterfallen

56

headlights (n pl) (TS) /hedlats/ Scheinwerfer leather seat (n) give sb a lift made in your country

The headlights are the lights on the front of a car that you use for driving at night. A Chevrolet has soft leather seats. Can you give me a lift to the station? I only buy cars that are made in my country. The number plate is the sign on the front and back of a vehicle with letters and numbers on it. You should only overtake other drivers when the road ahead is clear. A lot of women want cars that are easy to park. A place that is posh is expensive and attractive. If you run a car, you own it and use it regularly. Most people hate driving during the rush hour. A satellite navigation system shows you the in which you should travel. Dont forget to fasten your seat belt! A sound system is a piece of equipment for playing music. The car is really spacious, with plenty of room to stretch your legs. The steering wheel is the wheel that you hold and turn to control the direction of the car. The car is really spacious, with plenty of room to stretch your legs. A sunroof is part of the roof of a car that you can open. If you are stuck in a traffic jam, you cant drive because there is too much traffic. A tyre is the thick rubber cover around the wheel of a car. A car has four wheels. The windscreen is the large glass window at the front of a vehicle. A windscreen wiper is the long, thin thing that moves across a windscreen and removes rain.

/le sit/

Ledersitz jmd mitnehmen in Ihrem Land gebaut

/gv smbdi lft/ /med n j kntri/

number plate (n) /nmb plet/ Nummernschild overtake (v) /vtek/ berholen park (v) posh (adj) (TS) run (v) run out of (phr v) rush hour (n)

/pk/ /p/ /rn/

parken vornehm betreiben; unterhalten Stozeit

/rn at v/ /r a/

einem das Benzin ausgehen If you run out of petrol, you have no more petrol left.

satellite navigation system (n) /stlat nvgen Satellitennavigationssystem sstm/ seat belt (n) sound system (n)

/sit belt/

Sicherheitsgurt Audiosystem

spacious (adj) /spes/ gerumig steering wheel (n) /str wil/ Lenkrad stretch your legs (TS) /stre je legz/ die Beine vertreten sunroof (n) traffic jam (n) /trfk m/ Verkehrsstau tyre (n) wheel (n)

/sand sstm/

/snruf/ /ta/

Schiebedach

Reifen Rad

windscreen (n) /wndskrin/ Windschutzscheibe windscreen wiper (n) /wndskrin wap/ Scheibenwischer

/wil/

57

Collocations Kollokationen
a brisk walk an extended family /n kstendd fmli/ eine Grofamilie be in a hurry /bi n hri/ es eilig haben keep fit lead a healthy life /lid heli laf/ ein gesundes Leben fhren do martial arts /du ml ts/ Kampfsport betreiben a network of friends / netwk v frendz/ ein Freundeskreis a spectacular sunset / spektkjl snset/ ein atemberaubender Sonnenuntergang

/ brsk wk/

ein flotter Spaziergang

We usually go for a brisk four-hour walk in the morning. An extended family is a larger family group that includes cousins, aunts, uncles etc. In Okinawa, nobody is in a hurry and timetables are non-existent. I go swimming twice a week to keep fit. Eating fruit and vegetables and doing sport is a good way to lead a healthy life. If you do martial arts, you do sports such as judo or karate. A network of friends is the group of friends you see regularly. A spectacular sunset is very beautiful to watch.

/kip ft/

fit bleiben

Food & Cooking Essen und Kochen

add (v) /d/ hinzugeben aubergine (n) /bin/ Aubergine bake (v) banana (n) Add vanilla ice cream to the bananas to make a banana split. An aubergine is a vegetable with a dark purple skin and white flesh. You can bake bananas in the oven in their skin. A banana is a long curved fruit with a yellow skin. Banana split is a dish that consists of bananas and ice cream. Batter is a mixture of flour, milk and eggs used in cooking. A bean is a seed of various plants; there are many different types such as green beans, soya beans etc. If you boil something, you cook it in hot water. You can grill bananas and put brown sugar on top. Cut the bananas in half and fry them in butter. A carrot is a long orange vegetable that grows under the ground.

/bek/

backen Banane

banana-split (n) /bnnsplt/ Banane-Split batter (n) bean (n) /bin/ Bohne boil (v) brown sugar (n) butter (n)

/bnn/ /bt/ /bl/

Teig

kochen brauner Zucker Butter

/bran g/ /bt/

carrot (n) /krt/ Karotte; Mohrrbe

58

cauliflower (n) /klifla/ Blumenkohl cherry (n) chicken (n) chop (v)

A cauliflower is a vegetable with a hard, round white part surrounded by green leaves. A cherry is a small round black or red fruit. Chicken is the white meat of a chicken, eaten as food. If you chop something, you cut it into pieces with a knife. A coconut is a very large nut that is white inside and has a hard brown shell. A cucumber is a long thin vegetable with dark green skin, often eaten in salads. If you cut something in half, you cut it into two equal pieces. Which of the banana dishes on the website would you prefer? You can eat bananas raw in fresh fruit salad. Banana fritters are bananas that are fried in milk, flour and eggs. Fruit salad is a dish consisting of small pieces of different fruit. Fry bananas in batter to make banana fritters. Garlic is a vegetable similar to an onion that you use in cooking to add a strong flavour. A grape is a small green or purple fruit that can be used for making wine. Grill bananas with brown sugar on top. A banana split is a dish consisting of bananas and vanilla ice cream. The ingredients of batter are milk, flour and eggs. A lemon is a fruit with a hard yellow skin. Lettuce is a vegetable with large green leaves used for making salads. Black coffee is coffee without milk. Mix bananas with rice for a Cuban dish. A mushroom is a soft brown or grey vegetable with a round top.

/eri/ /p/

Kirsche Hhnerfleisch zerhacken; kleinschneiden

/kn/

coconut (n) /kknt/ Kokosnuss cucumber (n) /kjukmb/ Gurke cut in half /kt n hf/ halbieren dish (n) /d/ Gericht fresh (adj) fritters (n pl) /frtz/ Beignets fruit salad (n) /frut sld/ Obstsalat fry garlic (n) /glk/ Knoblauch grape (n) /grep/ Traube grill (v) ice cream (n) /as krim/ Eiskrem ingredient (n) lemon (n)

/fre/

Frisch

/fra/

frittieren

/grl/

grillen

/ngridint/ /lemn/ /mlk/

Zutaten; Ingredienzen Zitrone

lettuce (n) /lets/ (grner) Salat milk (n) mix (v) Milch mischen

mushroom (n) /mrum/ Pilz

/mks/

59

nut (n) /nt/ Nuss onion (n) /njn/ Zwiebel orange (n) oven (n)

A nut is a dry fruit that grows inside a hard shell on some types of tree and bush. An onion is a vegetable with thin dry skin that tastes and smells very strong. An orange is a round fruit with hard orange skin. You can bake bananas in their skin in the oven. A peach is a fruit with soft yellow-pink skin that has a big stone inside. If you peel fruit or vegetables, you take the skin off them. A prawn is a type of small pink sea animal. Food that is raw has not been cooked. A recipe is a set of instructions for cooking a dish or meal. A red pepper is a vegetable with small white seeds inside that you cook or eat raw in salads. You can mix bananas with rice to make a Cuban dish. A sardine is a common silver fish that is eaten as food. Sausages are long tubes of meat mixed with spices. Slice the bananas in half and add ice cream for a banana split. Soup is a liquid food often eaten at the beginning of a meal. Spinach is a vegetable with dark green leaves that you can cook or eat raw in salads. Sugar is a very sweet substance that some people add to tea and coffee. Tea is a hot brown drink made by pouring boiling water onto dried leaves. A tomato is a very common round red fruit, often eaten in salads. A trout is quite a large fish that lives in rivers and lakes and is often eaten as food. Vanilla is the most common flavour of ice cream and is light yellow in colour.

/rn/ /vn/ /pil/ /r/

Orange; Apfelsine Backofen

peach (n) /pi/ Pfirsich peel (v) prawn (n) raw (adj) recipe (n) schlen Garnele roh Rezept

/prn/ /respi/ /ras/

red pepper (n) /red pep/ roter Paprika rice (n) sardine (n) sausage (n) Reis Sardine Wurst

/sdin/ /ss/

slice (v) /slas/ Scheibe soup (n) /sup/ Suppe spinach (n) /spn/ Spinat sugar (n) /g/ Zucker tea (n) /ti/ Tee tomato (n) /tmt/ Tomate trout (n) /trat/ Forelle vanilla (n) /vnl/ Vanille

60

Unit 11 (p.96)
accidentally (adv) /ksdentli/ versehentlich activity (n) amused (adj) /mjuzd/ zum Lachen finden arachnophobic (adj) attitude (n) Morris is a Siamese cat who accidentally deleted some valuable computer files. Do you think that hunting is a cruel activity? When they discovered the cat had deleted some computer files, they were not amused. Arachnophobic describes someone who is afraid of spiders. Different people have different attitudes to animals. Robert is often away on business for weeks, or even months. Bare walls are empty; someone who is bare is undressed. Robert isnt at home at the moment hes away on business. The mynah bird calls Robbie a few hours before Robert walks through the door. Would you keep the money if a shop assistant gave you too much change? Pets can be very good companions for humans. Robert hardly ever contacts his parents when hes coming home. Gus thinks Hendrix the spider looks cool! Do you think that hunting is a cruel activity? Morris is a Siamese cat who accidentally deleted some valuable computer files. Are there any animals that you really dislike? Spiders Im afraid of them. Do you agree that animal testing is essential for progress in the medical field? A fictional character in a book is someone who does not exist in real life. The deleted computer files were worth $100,000!

/ktvti/

Ttigkeit

/rknfbk/ /ttjud/ /be/

jmd der unter Arachnophobie leidet Einstellung

away (adv) /we/ verreist bare (adj) nackt on business /n bzns/ geschftlich call (v) /kl/ rufen change (n) /en/ Wechselgeld companion (n) contact (v) /kntkt/ kontaktieren cool (adj) cruel (adj)

/kmpnjn/

Begleiter; Gefhrte

/kul/

cool grausam

delete (v) /dlit/ lschen dislike (v) (TS) /dslak/ nicht mgen essential (adj) /senl/ wesentlich fictional (adj) /fknl/ fiktiv file (n)

/kru()l/

/fal/

Datei

61

fir (n)

fluently (adv) /fluntli/ flieend frighten sb away get in touch (with) /get n t (w) /

/f/

Tanne

A Christmas tree is a type of fir tree. Someone who speaks a language fluently, speaks it very well. Guss spider frightens a lot of people away. Robert hardly ever gets in touch with his parents to tell them hes coming home. Ralph made Morris a bed in his office and got on with his work. If you hear heavy breathing, you hear a person or animal breathing very loudly. Do you think that animals are as important as humans? A lot of people think hunting is very cruel. Some people think animal testing is wrong and should be illegal. A dolphin recognises its own image in a mirror. A tale is an imaginative story. Insects are small animals with six legs that often have wings. Ralph took his sick cat into work to keep an eye on him. The cat accidentally keyed in a secret code that deleted some computer files. Morris got up and walked across the keyboard of the computer. Angus takes the iguana for walks in the park on a lead! Ants can lift fifty times their own weight! Do you and your pet look alike? Im not that hairy but I think he looks cool, like me! Pat and Tina looked up and suddenly realised they were surrounded by cows. Do you agree that animal testing is essential for progress in the medical field? A dolphin recognises its own image in a mirror.

/fratn smbdi we/

abschrecken; verscheuchen sich in Verbindung setzen mit

get on with /get n w/ weitermachen mit heavy breathing (n) (TS) /hevi bri/ schwere Atmung human (n) hunting (n)

/hjumn/ /hnt/ /m/

Mensch die Jagd

illegal (adj) /ligl/ illegal image (n) imaginative (adj) Ebenbild phantasievoll

insect (n) /nsekt/ Insekt keep an eye on key in (phr v) /ki n/ eingeben; eintippen keyboard (n) /kibd/ Tastatur lead (n) (TS) lift (v)

/mntv/

/kip n a n/

aufpassen auf

/lid/ /lft/

Leine heben

look alike /lk lak/ hnlich/gleich aussehen look up (phr v) /lk p/ hochschauen medical field (n) /medkl fild/ Medizinbereich mirror (n)

/mr/

Spiegel

62

misunderstood (adj) /msndstd/ missverstanden Never mind. /nev mand/ Macht nichts. ornithologist (n) own (v)

When people do not understand a person or thing properly, you say that that person or thing is misunderstood. Sorry, Emma, were going to London this weekend. Never mind. Someone who studies birds is an ornithologist. Ralph owned a Siamese cat called Morris. Some people say that pets and their owners often look alike! Animal testing is OK if there is no pain or suffering involved. Is animal testing essential for progress in the medical field? Do you think that zoos are important for protecting endangered species? They decided to pull up in a quiet place to have a picnic. When Richard put the tent up, there werent any animals in the field. A dolphin recognises its own image in a mirror. I think animals should be respected and protected. Why would you like to be a lion? Because theyre big and tough and they rule. A cheetah can run at 100 kilometres per hour. A sauce is a liquid food that you put on other food to give it flavour. Im frightened of sharks I think theyre really scary. Charles Darwin was the scientist who developed the theory of evolution. The cat accidentally keyed in a secret code that deleted some computer files. I could see a shadow outside the tent. What was it? A big cow! Animal testing is OK if there is no pain or suffering involved.

/nlst/ /n/

Ornithologe(in) besitzen

owner (n) /n/ Besitzer pain (n) /pen/ Schmerz progress (n) /prgres/ Fortschritt protect (v) /prtekt/ schtzen pull up (phr v) put up (phr v) (TS) /pt p/ aufstellen recognise (v) respect (v)

/pl p/

anhalten

/rekgnaz/ /rspekt/ /rn/

erkennen respektieren

rule (v) (TS) /rul/ regieren; herrschen run (v) laufen; rennen sauce (n) /ss/ Soe scary (adj) scientist (n) /santst/ Wissenschaftler(in) secret code (n) /sikrt kd/ Geheimcode shadow (n) (TS) /d/ Schatten suffering (n) /sfr/ Leid sunburn (n)

/skeri/

unheimlich

/snbn/

Sonnenbrand

63

Did you know that pigs can get sunburn?

tale (n)

the theory of evolution / ri v ivlun/ die Evolutionstheorie the tip of the nose (TS) / tp v nz/ die Nasenspitze tough (adj) (TS) tour (v) /t/ reisen turn round (phr v) /tn rand/ sich umdrehen turn up (phr v) /tn p/ auftauchen type (v) /tap/ (ein)tippen unconditional love (n) undressed (adj) unnatural (adj) unwell (adj) visit (v)

/tel/

Erzhlung

A tale is an imaginative story. Charles Darwin was the scientist who developed the theory of evolution. Anguss iguana is almost a metre long from the tip of its nose to the end of its tail. Lions are big and tough, and they rule. They were touring in the north of England by car when they decided to stop for a picnic. When they put on a pop music CD the cows turned round and walked off! They know when their son is going to turn up because the bird starts calling Robbie! If you type information into a computer, you write it using the keys on the keyboard. Unconditional love has no limits. Someone who is undressed has no clothes on. I think zoos are depressing and unnatural. Unwell is a word that means ill or sick. Zoos can be fun to visit for children. When they put on a pop music CD the cows turned round and walked off! A wallet is a small flat container where men keep money. Ants can lift fifty times their own weight! Which animal can last longer without water than a camel? The deleted computer files were worth $100,000! Some people think that animal testing is wrong and should be illegal.

/tf/

zh

/nkndn()l lv/ /ndrest/ /nwel/ /vzt/ /nn()rl/

bedingungslose Liebe nicht angezogen unnatrlich unwohl besuchen

walk off (phr v) /wk f/ weggehen wallet (n) weight (n) without (prep) be worth $100,000

/wlt/ /wet/ /wat/

Brieftasche Gewicht ohne wert sein

wrong (adj) /r/ ungerecht

/bi w wn hndrd aznd dlz/

Adjectives and Prepositions Adjektive und Prpositionen

be afraid of be allergic to be fond of

/bi fred v/ /bi fnd v/

Angst haben vor allergisch sein gegen lieben

Im afraid of sharks I think theyre scary. Richard doesnt like cats because hes allergic to them. Harry is fond of all animals.

/bi lk tu/

64

be interested in

be keen on /bi kin n/ gerne mgen be terrified of /bi terfad v/ groe Angst haben vor

/bi ntrstd n/

interessiert sein an

Richard is interested in wild birds. Alicia likes most animals but shes particularly keen on horses. Are you afraid of frogs Afraid? Im terrified of them.

Animals Tiere
alligator (n) /lget/ Alligator animal testing (n) bat (n) bear (n) bull (n) cage (n) calf (n) An alligator is an animal with a long tail and sharp, pointed teeth that lives in water and on land. Do you think that animal testing should be illegal? A bat is an animal that flies at night. A bear is a large animal such as a panda with thick fur. A bull is an adult male cow. Emma keeps the snake in a cage. A calf is a young cow. A camel is a large animal, used for carrying people, especially in the desert. Cats and dogs are popular pets. Cheetahs can run at 100 kilometres per hour. A chicken is a young hen. A cow is a popular farm animal used for its milk and meat. Crickets are insects that move by jumping and make a noise. A crocodile has a long body and sharp teeth, and lives in water. A deer is a brown animal with long legs that is often very shy. Cats and dogs are popular pets. Dolphins live in water and are very intelligent animals. An eagle is a large bird that kills other bird for food. Elephants can smell water that is fifteen kilometres away.

/nml test/ /bt/ /be/ /bl/

Tierversuche Fledermaus Br Stier Kfig Kalb

/ke/ /kf/ /kt/

camel (n) /kml/ Kamel cat (n) cheetah (n) chicken (n) Katze Gepard Kken; junges Huhn

/it/

cow (n) /ka/ Kuh cricket (n) (TS) /krkt/ Grille crocodile (n) /krkdal/ Krokodil deer (n) /d/ Reh dog (n) dolphin (n) eagle (n)

/kn/

/dg/ /igl/

Hund Delfin Adler

/dlfn/

elephant (n) /elfnt/ Elefant

65

endangered species (n) /ndend spiiz/ gefhrdete Spezies fluffy (adj) /flfi/ pflaumig;kuschelig foal (n) frog (n) /frg/ Frosch fur (n) giraffe (n) hairy (adj) (TS) hamster (n) hen (n) horse (n) iguana (n) kitten (n) lamb (n) lion (n) loveable (adj) (TS)

An endangered species is a type of animal that may soon no longer exist. Animals that are fluffy are covered with a lot of fur and are nice and gentle. A foal is a young horse. Frogs are small animals with smooth green skin that live in water and on land. Fur is the hair that covers some animals. A giraffe is a very tall animal with a very long neck. A spider has eight hairy legs. Hamsters are popular pets for children. A hen is a female chicken. Can you ride a horse? An iguana is a type of large lizard with points on its back. A young cat is called a kitten. A young sheep is called a lamb. Gus likes lions because theyre big and tough. A loveable pet is one that is easy to love. Mice are small furry animals with long tails that live in fields or that people sometimes keep as pets. A mynah bird is a bird that can talk. A paw is a dogs or cats foot. Pets are animals that people keep at home as companions. A pig is a fat animal with pink skin that farmers keep for meat. A puppy is a young dog. Rabbits are furry and have long ears and some people keep them as pets. A rat is an animal like a mouse with a long tail; a lot of people dont like them because they are dirty. Crocodiles, alligators and iguanas are all reptiles.

/fl/ /f/

Fohlen

Pelz Giraffe haarig Hamster Henne; Huhn Pferd Iguana Ktzchen Lamm Lwe liebenswert

/rf/ /heri/ /hen/ /hmst/ /hs/

/gwn/ /ktn/ /lm/

/lan/

mouse (pl mice) (n) /mas (pl mas) / Maus (Muse) mynah bird (n) paw (n)

/lvbl/

/man bd/ /p/

Beo Pfote; Pranke; Tatze

pet (n) /pet/ Haustier pig (n) /pg/ Schwein puppy (n) rabbit (n) /rbt/ Kaninchen rat (n) /rt/ Ratte reptile (n) (TS)

/ppi/

Welpe; junger Hund

/reptal/

Reptil

66

shark (n) /k/ Hai(fisch) sheep (n) /ip/ Schaf snake (n) /snek/ Schlange tail (n) tortoise (n) whale (n)

A shark is a very large fish with large teeth that can kill people. A sheep is an animal with white fur that is made into wool. Snakes are long thin animals that move along the ground and can kill people. Cats usually have long tails. Tortoises have shells on their back and move very slowly. The blue whale is the largest animal that has ever lived. Wild birds or animals live in natural conditions and are not kept by humans. A zoo is a place where wild animals are kept in cages so that people can see them.

/tel/

Schwanz Schildkrte Wal

/tts/ /wel/

wild bird/amimal (n) /wald bd/nml/ Wildvogel/Wildtier zoo (n) /zu/ Zoo

Insects Insekten
ant (n) /nt/ Ameise bee (n) /bi/ Biene butterfly (n) /btfla/ Schmetterling cockroach (n) /kkr/ Kchenschabe fly (n) mosquito (n) /mskit/ Moskito spider (n) /spad/ Spinne wasp (n) An ant is a small insect that lives in large groups and can carry fifty times its own weight. A bee is a yellow and black insect that flies and makes honey. A butterfly is an insect with colourful, often beautiful wings. A cockroach is a large black insect that lives in places where food is kept. A fly is a very common small insect with wings. A mosquito is a small flying insect that bites the skin of people and animals to feed on their blood. Spiders are insects with eight hairy legs that a lot of people are frightened of. A wasp is a yellow and black insect that can sting you.

/fla/

Fliege

/wsp/

Wespe

67

Unit 12 (p.104)
abroad (adv) adorable (adj)

/brd/

ins Ausland bezaubernd

Do you go abroad for your holidays? That little girl is absolutely adorable! How long ago was the Alhambra built? In the 13th or 14th century. The interior of the hotel is designed by artists from all over the world. The fifth anniversary of their relationship was on 1st July. Who was the architect of the Alhambra. I dont know. The two Lauras have made arrangements to meet up. Laura released a balloon with her name and address and a note attached. His suit isnt very nice. Its absolutely awful! A balloon is a childs toy that floats in the air. Every winter, work starts on building a new Ice Hotel. Curro thinks that the Alhambra is the most incredible building he has ever seen. If you celebrate a birthday or anniversary, you have a party to show that it is special. The Alhambra was built in the 13th or 14th century. They both stopped in Singapore to wait for connecting flights. Something that is crazy is slightly mad. The food is tasty. Yes, its absolutely delicious! The interior of the hotel is designed by artists from all over the world. In spring, the Ice Hotel melts away and disappears. The Alhambra is very big, in fact its an enormous building. The Ice Hotel in Sweden is made entirely of ice.

ago (adv) /g/ vor all over the world /l v wld/ berall in der Welt anniversary (n) architect (n) (TS) /ktekt/ Architekt(in) arrangement (n) attached (adj) /tt/ als Anlage awful (adj) balloon (n) build (v)

/drbl/

/nvs()ri/ /renmnt/ /fl/

Jahrestag

Verabredung

schrecklich Luftballon bauen

/blun/ /bld/

building (n) /bld/ Gebude celebrate (v) /selbret/ feiern century (n) connecting flight (n) /knekt flat/ Anschlussflug crazy (adj) delicious (adj)

/senri/ /krezi/

Jahrhundert

verrckt lecker

design (v) /dzan/ entwerfen disappear (v) enormous (adj) (TS) /nms/ riesig entirely (adv)

/dls/

/dsp/ /ntali/

verschwinden

ganz

68

exhausted (adj) /gzstd/ erschpft exist (v) expect (v) /kspekt/ erwarten fame (n) golden wedding anniversary (n) /gldn wed goldene Hochzeit nvs()ri/ guest (n) guinea pig (n)

He looks tired, doesnt he? He looks absolutely exhausted. A hotel made entirely of ice exists in Sweden. How many children will I have? More than you expect. Fame is the state or situation of being famous. A golden-wedding anniversary is the day when a couple celebrates 50 years of marriage. Guests at the hotel are given special arctic sleeping bags. Both Lauras have a rabbit and a guinea pig. A helium-filled balloon is a balloon filled with a gas that keeps it in the air. Something that is hilarious is extremely funny. You put ice cubes in drinks to make them cold. In my opinion, the Alhambra is one of the seven wonders of the modern world. All the furniture is made of ice, including the beds! Whats the name of the most incredible building Curro has ever seen? Inside the hotel, the temperature is always around -5C. The interior of the hotel is designed by artists from all over the world. Amy didnt know that Ian had just started his journey from Sydney to London. The Alhambra Palace was built for the Moorish kings. A Labrador is a type of large dog with short hair that is a popular pet. The location of a building is the place or position where it is built. If two people decide to meet up, they arrange to see each other. In spring, the Ice Hotel melts away and disappears. Laura released a balloon with her name and address and a note attached.

/gzst/ /fem/ /gest/

existieren

Ruhm

Gast Meerschweinchen

helium-filled (adj) /hilimfld/ mit Helium befllt hilarious (adj) ice cube (n)

/gni pg/

/hleris/

urkomisch Eiswrfel

In my opinion (TS) /n ma pnjn/ meiner Meinung nach including (prep) incredible (adj) /nkredbl/ unglaublich inside (prep) interior (n) /ntri/ Innenausstattung journey (n) /ni/ Reise king (n) (TS) Labrador (n) /lbrd/ Labrador location (n) /lken/ Standort meet up (phr v) /mit p/ sich treffen melt (away) (v) note (n) /nt/ Zettel; Notiz

/as kjub/ /nklud/ /nsad/

einschlielich

innerhalb

/k/

Knig

/melt (we)/

wegschmelzen

69

outside (adv)

overlook (v) (TS) /vlk/ berblicken; mit Blick auf palace (n) (TS) for pleasure /f ple/ aus Vergngen pretty (adj) /prti/ hbsch reindeer skin (n) /rend skn/ Renntierhaut release (v) reply (n) ridiculous (adj) shore (n) be situated sleeping bag (n) spring (n)

/atsad/ /pls/

drauen

Outside, the temperature is -30C. The Alhambra is built on a hill overlooking the city of Granada. The Alhambra is a beautiful palace in the south of Spain. If you do something for pleasure, you do it because you like and enjoy it. That dress is very pretty. Yes, its absolutely gorgeous. The beds in the Ice Hotel are covered with reindeer skins. If you release a balloon, you let it go into the air. The letter was a reply from another Laura Buxton. 7,500 for a dress? Thats absolutely ridiculous. The hotel is situated on the shores of the Torne River. Its situated on the shores of the Torne River. Guests at the hotel are given special arctic sleeping bags. In spring, the Ice Hotel melts away. Their daughter doesnt look anything like them thats very strange. Something that is stunning is very beautiful or spectacular. The style of the Alhambra is Moorish, or Islamic. Look at that little girl shes very sweet. Shes absolutely adorable. Tasty food has a nice flavour. Today will start off cold, with temperatures of -13C. A place that is unique is the only one of its type. The hotel is described by visitors as absolutely stunning. Can you imagine a hotel made entirely of ice? Well, it exists in Sweden, but only in winter. Someone or something that is well-known is famous. At the Alhambra, you can hear water running wherever you go.

Palast

/rlis/

loslassen Antwort lcherlich Ufer sich befinden Schlafsack Frhling

/rpla/ //

/rdkjls/ /bi suetd/ /spr/

/slip bg/

strange (adj) /stren/ seltsam stunning (adj) style (n)

/stn/ /stal/

atemberaubend Stil

sweet (adj) /swit/ s tasty (adj) temperature (n) unique (adj)

/testi/

schmackhaft Temperatur einmalig; einzigartig

/tempr/ /junik/

visitor (n) /vzt/ Besucher(in) Well, (interjection) /wel/ Na ja well-known (adj) wherever (adv) (TS) /werev/ wo auch immer

/welnn/

sehr bekannt

70

winter (n)

one of the wonders of (TS) /wn v wndz v/ eines der Weltwunder write back (phr v)

/wnt/

Winter

Every winter, work starts on building a new Ice Hotel. Curro thinks the Alhambra is one of the seven wonders of the modern world. If you write back to someone, you reply to them.

/rat bk/

zurckschreiben

Collocations with do, get, Kollokationen mit do, get, go, have, make, take go, have, make, take
do a course do some homework /du sm haswk/ do the housework do research /du rs/ris/ do the shopping get better get changed get dressed get lost

/du ks/

an einem Kurs teilnehmen einige Hausaufgaben machen die Hausarbeit machen Forschung/Recherche betreiben einkaufen genesen; sich erholen sich umziehen sich anziehen sich verlieren

Im doing a part-time English course. In the evening, we usually have to do some homework.

/du hmwk/

Do you enjoy doing the housework? No, I hate it. If you do research, you study something in detail. Mum has asked me to do the shopping this week. Ive been ill but Im getting better now. You should get changed before you go out. I had a shower, got dressed and had breakfast. Its easy to get lost when youre in a strange place. People often live together nowadays before they get married. Lets go for a drink after work. I try to go for a walk every day. What time do you go home from school? If they give us any more homework, Ill go mad! We go skiing every winter. Everybody should have a go at doing something dangerous once in their life. The holiday was very enjoyable we had a really good time. If you cant have a laugh with your partner, youre in the wrong relationship. We usually have lunch at 13.00.

/du p/ /get bet/ /get end/ /get drest/ /get lst/

get married /get mrd/ heiraten go for a drink go for a walk go home go mad go skiing

/g fr drk/ /g fr wk/ /g hm/ /g md/ /g ski/

einen trinken gehen spazieren gehen nach Hause gehen wahnsinnig werden Ski fahren

have a go /hv g/ versuchen; probieren have a good time /hv gd tam/ eine schne Zeit haben have a laugh /hv lf/ etwas zum Lachen haben have lunch

/hv ln/

zu Mittag essen

71

have a rest /hv rest/ make a decision make a living /mek lv/

eine Pause machen; sich ausruhen eine Entscheidung treffen seinen Lebensunterhalt verdienen

Youve worked hard its time to have a rest. Its important to make a decision in the next few days. It can be hard to make a living as an actor.

/mek dsn/

make mistakes /mek msteks/ Fehler machen make money /mek mni/ Geld verdienen make a promise take a bus take an exam

Everyone makes mistakes when theyre learning a language. Do you agree that the only reason to get a job is to make money? You should never make a promise if you cant keep it. Do you walk to school? No, I take a bus. Im taking my English exam in summer. The press shouldnt take photos of famous people without their permission. You have to learn to take responsibility for your own life. If you dont take risks, you wont succeed in life.

/mek prms/ /tek bs/ /tek n gzm/

etwas versprechen mit dem Bus fahren eine Prfung machen

take a photo /tek ft/ ein Foto machen take responsibility /tek rspnsblti/ take risks die Verantwortung bernehmen Risiken eingehen

/tek rsks/

Weather Das Wetter

breeze (n) breezy (adj) Celsius (n) cloud (n) cloudy (adj) cold (adj) dark (adj) dry (adj) dull (adj) fine (adj) fog (n) foggy (adj)

/briz/

Brise windig Celsius Wolke wolkig; bedeckt kalt dunkel trocken trb schn Nebel nebelig

A breeze is a light wind. It was quite breezy walking by the sea. The temperature is 20 degrees Celsius. Look at those clouds in the sky I think its going to rain. The weather tomorrow will be cloudy and dull. Today will start off cold, with temperatures of -13C. The sky often becomes very dark before a storm. If the weather is dry, it doesnt rain. It was a dull, grey depressing day. People feel happier when the weather is fine and sunny. We couldnt see anything because of the fog. Driving when its foggy can be dangerous.

/brizi/ /klad/ /kld/ /dk/ /dra/ /dl/ /fan/ /fg/ /fgi/

/selsis/ /kladi/

72

freeze (v) /friz/ frieren freezing (adj) heat (n) hot (adj)

If it freezes, water on the ground and on windows turns to ice. Freezing weather is weather that is very cold. Walking long distances in the heat can be tiring. It can be very hot here in the summer. Humid weather is hot and wet in a way that makes you feel uncomfortable. British people are not used to high levels of humidity. The Ice Hotel in Sweden is made entirely of ice. Tomorrow will be cold and icy, with temperatures of -13C. Temperatures are expected to be minus 30 degrees. A mist is a very light fog. Tomorrow will be a typical misty autumn day. If the weather is dry, there is no rain. Look at those clouds in the sky I think its going to rain. Rainy weather is wet and unpleasant. A shower is a short period of rain. When it is showery there are a lot of short periods of rain. We had a lot of snow last winter. Its very cold I think it might snow. When there is a storm, a lot of rain falls very quickly, often with strong winds. Stormy weather can be dangerous for drivers. Most people like the sun. The weather today will be warm and sunny. The weather today will be warm and sunny. Rainy weather is wet and unpleasant. Rain and strong winds make driving conditions difficult. It was very windy walking by the sea.

/friz/ /hit/ /ht/

eiskalt Hitze hei

humid (adj) /hjumd/ feucht humidity (n) ice (n) icy (adj) minus 13/30 degrees mist (n) misty (adj) rain (n) rain (v) rainy (adj) shower (n) showery (adj) snow (n) snow (v)

/hjumdti/ /as/ /asi/

Luftfeuchtigheit Eis eisig minus 13/30 Grad Nebel nebelig Regen regnen regnerisch Schauer regnerisch Schnee schneien

/mans tin/ti dgriz/ /mst/ /ren/ /ren/ /msti/

/reni/ /a/ /sn/ /sn/ /ari/

storm (n) /stm/ Sturm stormy (adj) sun (n) sunny (adj) warm (adj) wet (adj) wind (n) windy (adj)

/stmi/ /sn/ /sni/ /wet/

strmisch Sonne sonnig warm nass Wind windig

/wm/ /wnd/

/wndi/

73

Review D (p.112)
albatross (n) /lbtrs/ Albatross approximately (adv) /prksmtli/ ungefhr birthplace (n) /bples/ Geburtsort come out (phr v) (TS) cover (v) /kv/ zudecken die (v) /da/ sterben dish (n) fix (v) /fks/ reparieren give birth /gv b/ ihre Jungen zu bekommen green turtle (n) /grin ttl/ grne Wasserschildkrte humpback whale (n) /hmpbk wel/ Buckelwal lay eggs /le egz/ Eier legen long-distance (adj) /ldstns/ Langstrecken- olive oil (n) set off (phr v) slow down (phr v) An albatross is a very large white ocean bird with long, narrow wings. Around 1.5 million wildebeest travel approximately 3,000 km around Tanzania and Kenya. Female green turtles return to their birthplace every 2 to 3 years to start a family. Suddenly the rain stopped and the sun came out. Green turtles cover their eggs on the beach before returning to the water. In spring Monarch butterflies travel back east, where they lay their eggs and die. Put the olive oil and garlic in the bottom of a dish. The car broke down and we had to wait three days for it to be fixed. The humpback whales swim to warmer waters in winter to give birth. Female green turtles return to their birthplace every 2 to 3 years to start a family. Humpback whales are dark grey or black whales with large, round backs. In spring the butterflies travel back east where they lay their eggs and die. Humpback whales are experienced long-distance travellers. Olive oil is a type of oil that is often used in cooking. We set off early in the morning and made good progress. I should slow down. Im always in a hurry. The engine problems continued so we decided to turn back. A wildebeest is an African wild animal with curved horns.

/km at/

herauskommen

/d/

Schssel

/lv l/ /set f/ /sl dan/

Olivenl losfahren langsamer fahren/ gehen

turn back (phr v) /tn dan/ umkehren wildebeest (n)

/wldbist/

Gnu

74

Grammar Extra
Unit 1 Fragen. Zusammenfassung der Zeitformen Fragen Die normale Reihenfolge bei Fragen:
Fragewort What Where When (Hilfs) verb Is Have does are did Subjekt she they niece you he happy? left? mean? going? graduate?

Zusammenfassung der Zeitformen

Zeitform Present simple Past simple Anwendung Positiv Negativ He doesnt work. She didnt work yesterday. They arent working now. We arent going to work tomorrow. It hasnt worked recently. Frage Does he work? Did she work yesterday? Are they working now? Are we going to work tomorrow?

Facts/habits/ He works. routines Completed She worked action at a yesterday. specific past time

Present Activities in Theyre working continuous progress now now. Future (be) Future plans Were going to going to and intentions work tomorrow. Present perfect Completed Its worked action in time recently. up to now.

Yes/No Fragen und Kurzanworten Bei Yes/No Fragen mit be setzen wir am/are/is/was/were vor das Subjekt. Is she tired? Yes, she is. Were they late? No, they werent. Bei Yes/No Fragen im einfachen Prsens (present simple) und in der einfachen Vergangenheit (past simple) setzen wir do/does/did vor das Subjekt. Do you live here? Yes, I do. Did Jim and his two sisters go to university? No, they didnt. Bei Yes/No Fragen mit anderen Verben setzen wir das Hilfsverb vor das Subjekt. Have you been to Oslo? Yes, I have. Can she drive? No, she cant. Wh Fragen Bei Fragen mit What, Where, How many, etc. ist die Reihenfolge die gleiche wie bei Yes/No Fragen. Ein Fragewort steht am Anfang der Frage. Why is she tired? Where do you live? How many times have you been to Oslo?

Has it worked
recently?

75

Unit 2 Substantive und Mengenangaben

Zhlbare Substantive Die meisten Substantive im Englischen sind zhlbar. Sie haben eine Singularund eine Pluralform. Regelmige Formen
Singular a place a church a city a leaf Plural two places three churches ten cities ten thousand leaves Schreibweise Add s. Add es after ch, sh, s, x. Add ies after a consonant + y. Add ves after vowel + v

Einige der am hufigsten verwendeten Pluralformen: clothes, glasses, jeans, knickers, pants, pyjamas, scissors, shorts, sunglasses, tights, trousers. Unzhlbare Substantive Einige Substantive im Englischen sind unzhlbar. Sie haben nur eine Singularform. Auch hier knnen wir weder a/an noch eine Zahl davor setzen. We had bad weather. (NOT We had a bad weather.) Einige der am hufigsten verwendeten unzhlbaren Substantiven: advice, architecture, food, furniture, homework, information, knowledge, love, money, music, news, traffic, transport, weather, work. Mengenangaben Hiermit knnen wir Mengen beschreiben ohne eine genauere Zahl anzugeben. Bei zhlbaren Substantiven: (only) a few / (far) too many / How many ? Only a few people saw what happened. How many emails do you get every day? Bei unzhlbaren Substantiven: (only) a little / (far) too much / How much ? Theres a little wine left but no beer. How much homework do you get? Bei zhlbaren und unzhlbaren Substantiven: a lot of / lots of / not enough She has a lot of problems. He didnt give me enough information. too + much/many ((+ Substantiv) = zu viel oder mehr als notwendig I have too much work and not enough time.

Unregelmige Formen
Singular a person a child a man a woman a foot a tooth Plural two people two children two men two women two feet two teeth

! a or an? Bei Substantiven im Singular verwenden wir a vor einem

Konsonanten: a town, a university. Vor einem Vokal verwenden wir an: an airport, an office.

! Pluralformen Einige Substantive haben immer nur eine Plural- und

keine Singularform. Daher knnen wir weder a/an noch eine Zahl davor setzen. I have some pink jeans. (NICHT I have a pink jeans.)

76

Unit 3 Vergangenheit (Einfache und Verlaufsformen) (Past simple und Past continuous)
Teil 1: Einfache Vergangenheit (Past simple)
Positiv Negativ Frage I/You/He/She/ It/We/They worked. I/You/He/She/ Did It/We/They I/you/he/she/it/ didnt (did we/they work? not) work. Kurzantwort Kurzantwort Yes No Yes, I/you/he/ she/it/we/ they did. No, I/you/he/ she/it/we/ they didnt.

Wir verwenden das past simple hauptschlich, um ber vergangene Ereignisse und bereits stattgefunde Situationen zu sprechen. Es kommt in Erzhlungen und Geschichten oft vor.

! Auer bei be gibt es fr jedes Verb nur eine Form der einfachen Vergangenheit.
Positiv Negativ Frage I/He/She/It was tired. I/He/She/It Was I/he/she/it wasnt (was tired? not) tired. Kurzantwort Kurzantwort Yes No Yes, I/he/she/ it was. No, I/he/she/ it wasnt. No, you/ we/they werent.

SCHREIBWEISE: REGELMIGE VERBEN Nach den meisten Verben ed/d hinzufgen: work worked, demonstrate demonstrated Nach Konsonanten+ y das y streichen und ied hinzufgen: study studied, try tried Bei Verben, die mit einem Vokal + einem Konsonanten enden, einen Konsonanten + ed hinzufgen: stop stopped, plan planned Die zehn am hufigsten verwendeten unregelmigen Verben: 1 say said 2 get got 3 go went 4 know knew 5 think thought 6 see saw 7 make made 8 come came 9 take took 10 give gave S. vollstndige Liste der unregelmigen Verben auf Seite 159.

You/We/They You/We/They Were you/we/ Yes, you/we/ were tired. werent (were they tired? they were. not) tired.

Teil 2: Verlaufsform der Vergangenheit (Past continuous)

Positiv Negativ Frage I/He/She/It I/He/She/It Was I/he/she/it was working. wasnt (was tired? not) working. Kurzantwort Kurzantwort Yes No Yes, I/he/she/ it was. No, I/he/she/ it wasnt. No, you/ we/they werent.

You/We/They You/We/They Were you/we/ Yes, you/we/ were werent (were they tired? they were. working. not) working.

Schreibweise: ing Formen Bei Verben, die mit e enden, das e streichen und ing hinzufgen: have having; make making Bei Verben, die mit einem Vokal und einem Konsonanten enden, einen Konsonanten und ing hinzufgen: run running; stop stopping

77

Wir verwenden die Verlaufsform der Vergangenheit (past continuous), um eine lnger andauernde Handlung in der Vergangenheit zu beschreiben, die am Ablaufen war, als andere Ereignisse stattfanden. Es bildet einen Kontrast zum past simple. I saw her when I was driving home. They were playing tennis when it started raining.

Teil 2: Einfaches Prsens (Present simple) und Verlaufsform des Prsens (present continuous)
Positiv Negativ Frage I/You/We/ They work. He/She/It works. Kurzantwort Kurzantwort Yes No

Unit 4 Verbmuster Einfaches Prsens und Verlaufsform des Prsens (Present simple and Present continuous)
Teil 1: Verbmuster Verben mit zwei Objekten Manche hufig verwendete Verben knnen zwei Objekte haben. Die Reihenfolge im Satz kann variieren - es gibt zwei Mglichkeiten - aber die Bedeutung bleibt gleich. Am hufigsten ist die Reihenfolge Verb + Person + Gegenstand, insbesondere bei Objektpronomen (me, you, him, etc.)
(Indirektes Objekt) (Direktes Objekt) (Indirektes Objekt) (Direktes Objekt)

I/You/We/They Do I/you/we/they Yes, I/you/we/ No, I/you/ dont (do not) work? they do. we/they work. dont. He/She/It Does he/she/it doesnt (does work? not) work. Yes, he/she/ it does. No, he/she/ it doesnt.

Schreibweise: 3. Person singular Nach den meisten Verben s hinzufgen: : live lives, play plays, work works Nach ch, sh, s, x es hinzufgen: watch watches, finish finishes Nach einem Konsonanten + y das y streichen und ies hinzufgen: study studies

Unregelmige Formen: do does, go goes, have has Wir verwenden das present simple, um ber Dinge zu sprechen, die: immer wahr sind. He looks like his father. Ice forms at 0 degrees. regelmig oder immer wieder geschehen. He plays tennis on Friday. She never gets up before 9.00 a.m. Verlaufsform (Present continuous)

Verb + Person + Gegenstand = verb + Gegenstand + to/for + Person I He bought him lent a present. = I = He bought a present for lent some money to him. her.

her some money.

Hufig verwendete Verben nach dem Muster Verb + Gegenstand + to + personne : give, lend, offer, pass, read, send, show, teach, tell Hufig verwendete Verben nach dem Muster Verb + Gegenstand + for + Person : buy, find, get, make

Positiv Negativ Frage Im (am) working.

Kurzantwort Kurzantwort Yes No No, Im not. No, you/we/ they arent. No, he/she/ it isnt.

Im not (am Am I working? Yes, I am. not) working. Yes, you/we/ they are. Yes, he/she/ it is.

! Bei bestimmten Verben verwenden wir nicht die Reihenfolge Verb +

Person + Gegenstand: z.B. describe, explain, say or suggest. He explained the situation to me. (NICHT He explained me the situation.) She said hello to us. (NICHT She said us hello.)

You/We/ You/We/They Are you/we/they Theyre (are) arent (are not) working? working. working. He/She/Its He/She/It isnt Is he/she/it (is) working. (is not) working? working.

78

Schreibweise: ing Formen Bei Verben, die mit e enden, das e streichen und ing hinzufgen: have having, make making Bei Verben, die mit einem Vokal und einem Konsonanten enden, einen Konsonanten und ing hinzufgen: run running, stop stopping Wir verwenden die Verlaufsform (present continuous), um ber Handlungen zu sprechen, die: gerade stattfinden, whrend wir sprechen. What are you doing? Im writing an email. im Allgemeinen in dem Zeitraum stattfinden, in dem wir unsere Aussage machen. Cars are getting cheaper, but house prices are going up.

Wir verwenden die Komparativform des Adjektivs, um Personen oder Gegenstnde mit anderen Personen oder Gegenstnden zu vergleichen. David Beckham is older than Thierry Henry Wir verwenden a bit oder much, um Vergleiche zu ergnzen. Wembley Stadium is a bit bigger than the Stade de France. Cristiano Ronaldo is much better-looking than Wayne Rooney. Wir verwenden not as + Adjektiv + as, um negative Vergleiche zu bilden. Golf is not as dangerous as motor racing. Wir verwenden die Superlativform von Adjektiven, um Personen oder Gegenstnde mit allen anderen Personen oder Gegenstnden in ihrer Gruppe zu vergleichen. Mohamed Ali was the greatest sportsman of all time. Football is the most popular sport in the world. Teil 2: Verben mit Prpositionen (Phrasal verbs) Der Ausdruck phrasal verb bezieht sich normalerweise auf alle Verb + Partikel Zusammensetzungen. Diese knnen in drei Gruppen oder Basistypen aufgeteilt werden. 1 Verb + Partikel/Prposition (INTRANSITIV) Einige Zusammensetzungen sind intransitiv und haben kein direktes Objekt. Sit down and enjoy it. When are you going to grow up? 2 Verb + Objekt + Partikel/Prposition (TRANSITIV TRENNBAR) Die Verben in dieser grten Gruppe der phrasal verbs sind transitiv. Wenn das direkte Objekt ein Substantiv ist, knnen wir es entweder vor oder nach dem Partikel/der Prposition setzen. Take off your shoes. OR Take your shoes off.

Unit 5 Komparativ- und Superlativformen der Adjektive. Verben mit Prpositionen Phrasal verbs
Teil 1: Komparativ- und Superlativformen der Adjektive
Adjektive Kurze Adjektive: er/est hinzufgen Adjektive, die mit einem Konsonanten oder e enden Adjektive, die mit einem einzelnen Vokal + einem einzelnen Konsonanten enden Adjektive, die mit y enden Unregelmige Adjektive Lange Adjektive: more / the most hinzufgen new nice fit healthy good bad far exciting Komparativ newer nicer Fitter Superlativ the newest the nicest the fittest Healthier better worse further more exciting the healthiest the best the worst the furthest the most exciting

79

Wenn das direkte Objekt ein Pronomen ist, mssen wir es zwischen Verb und Partikel/Prposition setzen. Switch it off, please. (NOT Switch off it.) 3 Verb + Partikel/Prposition + Objekt (TRANSITIV NICHT TRENNBAR) In Zusammensetzungen aus dieser Gruppe der phrasal verbs, setzen wir das direkte Objekt (Substantiv oder Pronomen) immer nach dem Partikel/der Prposition. She looks after her grandmother. I ran after the bus, but it didnt stop.

Positiv Negativ Frage

Kurzantwort Kurzantwort Yes No

I/You/We/ I/You/We/They Do I/you/we/they Yes, I/you/we/ No, I/you/ They have to dont have to have to work? they do. we/they work. worked. dont. He/She/It has He/She/It to work. doesnt have to work. Does he/she/it have to work? Yes, he/she/ it does. No, he/she/ it doesnt.

Unit 6 Erlaubnis und Verpflichtung (Prsens) (Permission and obligation (present). Das Perfekt/die vollendete Gegenwart (Present perfect simple)
Teil 1: can (Erlaubnis); have to (Verpflichtung)
Positiv Negativ Frage Kurzantwort Kurzantwort Yes No

Wir verwenden have to / dont have to, um ber Notwendigkeit oder Verpflichtung zu sprechen: have to bedeutet, dass etwas notwendig ist oder zur Pflicht gehrt. dont have to bedeutet, dass etwas nicht notwendig ist oder nicht zur Pflicht gehrt. In the UK, you have to drive on the left. You dont have to wear a helmet on a bicycle. Teil 2: Das einfache Perfekt (Present perfect simple)
Positiv Negativ Frage Kurzantwort Kurzantwort Yes No

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He etc. Can I/you/he, etc. Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/ can work. cant (cannot) work? etc. can. he, etc. work. cant.

Wir knnen can und cant verwenden, um ber Erlaubnis zu sprechen: can bedeutet, dass etwas erlaubt wird: es ist OK. cant bedeutet, dass etwas nicht erlaubt wird: es ist nicht OK. In the UK, you can leave school when you are 16. You cant vote until you are 18.

I/You/We/ I/You/We/They Have I/you/we/ Yes, I/you/we/ No, I/you/ Theyve (have) havent (have they worked? they have. we/they worked. not) worked. havent. He/She/Its He/She/It hasnt Has he/she/it (has) worked. (has not) worked? worked. Yes, he/she/ it has. No, he/she/ it hasnt.

S. Liste der Unregelmigen Verben auf Seite 159. Wir verwenden das present perfect, um ber Handlungen zu sprechen, die in der Vergangenheit stattgefunden haben bzw. in einem Zeitraum vollendet worden sind, der bis in die Gegenwart gedauert hat. Der Zeitpunkt ist uns dabei nicht wichtig.

80

Der Zeitraum Vergangenheit bis in die Gegenwart (jetzt) Die Vergangenheit Jetzt

Ive done a lot of silly things in my life.

Unit 7 Dynamisch oder statisch: unterschiedliche Bedeutungen von Verben Formen der Zukunft (Futurformen) (Dynamic and stative meanings. Future forms)
Teil 1: Dynamische und statische Bedeutung Dynamische Bedeutungen: Handlungen Die meisten Verben haben eine dynamische Bedeutung. Sie beschreiben Handlungen: etwas geschieht. Wir knnen sie in ihrer einfachen Form verwenden, um ber Gewohnheiten oder Routinen zu sprechen, oder in ihrer Verlaufsform, um ber Ereignisse oder Handlungen zu sprechen, die gerade stattfinden. I recycle all paper, plastic and bottles. Were destroying the planet. The phone is ringing. Statische Bedeutungen: Zustnde Einige Verben, die Wissen, Emotionen oder Besitz beschreiben, haben eine statische Bedeutung. Sie beschreiben Zustnde: Es geschieht nichts. Sie haben deshalb keine Verlaufsform.

Hufig verwendete Ausdrcke, die den Zeitraum bis jetzt beschreiben: today, this week, recently, never, over the years. Mit diesen Zeitausdrcken verwenden wir normalerweise das present perfect. My brother has never been to a pop concert. I havent seen any good films recently.

! been been ist das Vergangenheitspartizip von be, aber wir knnen es
auch als das Vergangenheitspartizip von go verwenden. Vergleichen wir folgende Beispiele: Hes been to Rome. = He went and came back. Hes gone to Rome. = He went and is in Rome now. Vollendete Zeit Die Vergangenheit X I did a lot of silly things when I was at university. Hufig verwendete Ausdrcke, um einen Zeitpunkt oder einen Zeitraum in der Vergangenheit zu beschreiben, die damals bereits zu Ende d.h. vollendet war: yesterday, last month, when I was a student, in 1990, a few minutes ago. Mit diesen Zeitausdrcken verwenden wir die einfache Vergangenheit (past simple) . She called you a few minutes ago. I didnt go to the mountains last summer. Jetzt

I want a fairer system. I dont feel strongly about politics. Hufig verwendete Verben mit einer statischen Bedeutung: Gefhle: hate, like, love, prefer, want. Gedanken: believe, feel, know, think, understand. Besitz: belong, have, own. Sinnen: feel, hear, see, smell, sound, taste. Aussehen: appear, look (like), seem.

! Einige Verben knnen sowohl eine dynamische als auch eine statische
Bedeutung haben.: Rosie is having a great time at university. (have = dynamische Bedeutung) Brian has a beautiful house. (have = statische Bedeutung)

81

Teil 2: Formen der Zukunft (Future forms): (be) going to und Present continuous
Positiv Negativ Frage Im (am) going to work. You/We/ Theyre (are) going to work. Im not (am not) going to work. Kurzantwort Kurzantwort Yes No No, Im not. No, you/ we/they arent. No, he/she/ it isnt.

Are you doing anything on Thursday? Were meeting the President this afternoon at 2.00 p.m. Zur Bildung des present continuous siehe Seite 132.

Am I going to Yes, I am. work?

You/We/ Are you/we/they Yes, you/we/ Theyre not going to work? they are. (are not) going to work. Is he/she/it going Yes, he/she/ to work? it is.

Unit 8 Erlaubnis und Verpflichtung (Gegenwart und Vergangenheit) Permission and obligation (Present and past) Rat geben
Teil 1: can/could (Erlaubnis); have to / had to (Verpflichtung)
Positiv Negativ Frage Kurzantwort Kurzantwort Yes No

He/She/Its He/She/It isnt (is) going to (is not) going work. to work.

Wir knnen (be) going to verwenden, um ber unsere Absichten fr die Zukunft zu sprechen. Wir haben bereits eine Entscheidung getroffen und darber sprechen wir Entscheiden. Handeln

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He, etc. Could I/you/he, Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/ could work. couldnt (could etc. work? etc. could. he, etc. not) work. couldnt. Positiv Negativ Frage Kurzantwort Kurzantwort Yes No

Y
Vergangenheit Gegenwart

Y
Zukunft

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He, etc. Did I/you/he, Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/ had to work. didnt have to etc. have to etc. did. he, etc. work. work? didnt. Erlaubnis: can/could; cant/couldnt Verpflichtung: have to / had to; had to / didnt have to Nicht notwendig You dont have to do it. You didnt have to do it.

One of these days Im going to get fit. Hes going to tell me all about his holidays. Wir knnen die Verlaufsform des Prsens (present continuous), um ber Vereinbarungen fr die Zukunft zu sprechen. Wir haben eine Vereinbarung getroffen und wir sprechen jetzt darber. Entscheiden Vereinbaren Handeln

Erlaubt Nicht erlaubt Notwendig Present You can do it. You cant do it. You have to do it. Past You could do it. You couldnt do it. You had to do it.

Y
Vergangenheit

Y
Gegenwart

Y
Zukunft

82

Wir knnen can/could verwenden, um ber Erlaubnis zu sprechen. could ist die Vergangenheitsform von can. When I was fourteen I could stay out as long as I wanted. Swiss women couldnt vote in elections until 1971. Wir knnen have to / had to verwenden, um ber Notwendigkeiten oder Verpflichtungen zu sprechen. had to ist die Vergangenheitsform von have to. I had to wear a uniform at school. In the 1960s you didnt have to wear a helmet on a motorbike. Part 2: must und should (Rat geben)
Positiv Negativ Frage Kurzantwort Kurzantwort Yes No

for + Zeitraum und since + Zeitpunkt bilden zwei Mglichkeiten, den gleichen Gedanken auszudrcken. Wir verwenden for, wenn wir die Zeitdauer angeben: for a few days / for three years / for ages. Wir verwenden since, wenn wir den Zeitpunkt (den Anfangspunkt) angeben: since Monday / since I left school / since 1997. Das Perfekt: einfache und Verlaufsform
Positiv Negativ Frage Kurzantwort Kurzantwort Yes No

I/You/We/ I/You/We/They Have I/you/we/ Yes, I/you/we/ No, I/you/ Theyve (have) havent (have they worked? they have. we/they worked. not) worked. havent. He/She/Its He/She/It hasnt Has he/she/it (has) worked. (has not) worked? worked. Yes, he/she/ it has. No, he/she/ it hasnt.

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He, etc. Must I/you/he, etc. Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/ must work. mustnt (must work? etc. must. he, etc. not) work. mustnt. I/You/He, etc. should work. I/You/He, etc. Should I/you/he, Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/ shouldnt etc. work? etc. should. he, etc. (should not) shouldnt. work.

S. auch die Liste Unregelmige Verben auf Seite 159.

Positiv Negativ Frage Kurzantwort Kurzantwort Yes No

Wir knnen must und should verwenden, um jemandem einen Rat zu geben. Must ist starker als should. You must lose weight (oder Sie werden sterben)! You should lose weight (weil Sie sich dann besser fhlen).

I/You/We/ I/You/We/They Have I/you/we/ Yes, I/you/we/ No, I/you/ Theyve (have) havent (have they worked? they have. we/they been working. not) been havent. working. He/She/Its (has) been working. He/She/It hasnt Has he/she/it (has not) been been working? working. Yes, he/she/ it has. No, he/she/ it hasnt.

Unit 9 for und since. Das Perfekt: einfache Form und Verlaufsform (Present perfect simple and continuous)
for und since for + Zeitraum und since + Zeitpunkt bilden zwei Mglichkeiten, den gleichen Gedanken auszudrcken.

Die Verlaufsform (present perfect continuous) verwenden wir normalerweise, um die Dauer einer fortlaufenden oder wiederholten Handlung zu beschreiben, die in der Vergangehiet angefangen hat und bis in die Gegenwart noch andauert. Weve been studying Greek for ten years. Shes been going to the same hairdresser since the 1990s.

83

! Statische Bedeutungen: Bei Verben, die eine statische Bedeutung

haben, knnen wir das present perfect continuous nicht verwenden. Wir verwenden die einfache Form stattdessen. Shes known Tom since they were at school. (NOT Shes been knowing ) Theyve had the same computer since 2003. (NOT Theyve been having ) S. Liste der am hufigsten verwendeten Verben mit statischer Bedeutung auf Seite 138. brigens: Wir knnen die einfache Form verwenden, um unvernderbare, permanente Situationen zu beschreiben. Vergleiche: Ive been living here since the summer. Ive lived here all my life.

Zukunftsform des Verbs im Hauptsatz, aber eine Form des Prsens im Nebensatz nach when, if, as soon as, before, after, etc. Zwei verschiedene Satzbaumuster sind dabei mglich.
Konjunktion When If Nebensatz he gets home it rains tomorrow Hauptsatz hes going to have a bath. well play at the weekend.

OR
Hauptsatz Hes going to have a bath Well play at the weekend Konjunktion when if Nebensatz he gets home. it rains tomorrow.

Unit 10 Zukunft mit will (Future). Temporalstze mit Futur (Future time clauses). used to
Teil 1: Zukunft mit will (future). Temporalstze mit Futur (Future time clauses)
Positiv Negativ Frage Kurzantwort Kurzantwort Yes No

Part 2: used to
Positiv Negativ Frage Kurzantwort Kurzantwort Yes No

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He, etc. Will I/you/he, etc. Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/ ll (will) work. wont (will not) work? etc. will. he, etc. work. wont.

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He, etc. Did I/you/he, etc. Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/ used to work. didnt use to use to work? etc. did. he, etc. work. didnt.

will ist ein modales Hilfsverb. Wir knnen will verwenden, um ber die Zukunft zu sprechen, wenn es im Augenblick keinen Plan, keine Absicht oder Vereinbarung gibt. Zum Vergleich: What are you doing / going to do this weekend? (= Ich glaube, Sie haben Plne, Absichten oder etwas vereinbart.) What will you do this weekend? (= Ich glaube nicht, dass Sie es im Moment wissen.) Temporalstze mit Futur (Formen der Zukunft) Wenn wir ber zuknftige Dinge sprechen, verwenden wir eine

Wir knnen used to + Infinitiv verwenden, um ber vergangene Gewohnheiten (wiederholte Handlungen in der Vergangenheit) oder vergangene Zustnde zu sprechen. Damit beschreiben wir Dinge, die in der Vergangenheit stattgefunden haben, aber jetzt wahrscheinlich nicht mehr stattfinden. I used to go to school by bus. I didnt use to enjoy English lessons. What sort of car did you use to have?

! Es ist nicht mglich, used to + Infinitiv zu verwenden, um eine einzelne

Handlung in der Vergangenheit zu beschreiben. (NICHT One weekend we used to go to Paris.)

84

Unit 11 Bestimmende Relativstze (Defining relative clauses). Konditionalstze II (Unreal conditionals)

Teil 1: Bestimmende Relativstze Ein Relativsatz definiert oder identifiziert den Gegenstand oder die Person, der oder die im Hauptsatz erwhnt wurde. Er folgt unmittelbar nach der Person oder dem Gegenstand, die oder den er beschreibt. . A cheetah is an animal that can run at 100 kilometres an hour. The woman who does my hair is called Muriel. Das Relativpronomen (that, which, who) wird zum Subjekt des Verbs im Relativsatz. Wir verwenden that (oder which) fr Gegenstnde und who (oder that) fr Personen.
Subjekt Verb

*Anmerkung: If I/he/she/it were ist formeller als If I/he/she/it was. Wir verwenden immer were in der festen Redewendung If I were you Hauptsatz Normalerweise verwenden wir would + Infinitiv im Hauptsatz.
I/You/He, etc. d (would) work. I/You/He, etc. Would I/you/he, Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/ wouldnt etc. work? etc. would. he, etc. (would not) wouldnt. work. Hauptsatz Id travel round the world. Id choose somewhere hot.

if-Nebensatz If I had $1million, If I could live anywhere

People

who

come from Manchester are called Mancunians.

Subjekt Verb

A butchers is a shop that

sells meat.

Unit 12 Plusquamperfekt/Vorvergangenheit (Past perfect). Formen des Passivs (Passives)

Teil 1: Vorvergangenheit (Past perfect)
Positiv Negativ Frage Kurzantwort Kurzantwort Yes No

Teil 2: Konditionalstze II (Unreal conditionals) Wir knnen einen Konditionalsatz (Bedingungssatz) verwenden, um ber eine gegenwrtige (oder zuknftige) Situation zu sprechen, die nicht wirklich oder unwahrscheinlich ist. Diese Stze nennen wir normalerweise unwirkliche Konditionalstze. Sie enthalten einen Hauptsatz und einen Nebensatz den if-clause. if -clause (Nebensatz) Um zu zeigen, dass eine gegenwrtige (oder zuknftige) Situation imaginr ist, verwenden wir eine Vergangenheitsform des Verbs.
Wirkliche Situation I am not an animal. I live in an apartment Imaginre Situation If I was/were an animal, * If I lived in an igloo,

I/You/He, etc. I/You/He, etc. Had I/you/he, etc. Yes, I/you/he, No, I/you/ d (had) hadnt (had worked? etc. had. he, etc. worked. not) worked. hadnt.

S. auch die Liste Unregelmige Verben auf Seite 159. Wir verwenden die Vorvergangenheitssform des Verbs (past perfect), wenn wir ber die Vergangenheit sprechen und auf eine noch frhere Zeit hinweisen mchten. Das past perfect zeigt uns deutlich, dass eine Handlung in der Vergangenheit frher als andere stattgefunden hat.

85

Id had breakfast when I got to work this morning. Earlier past

Past

Now

Teil 2: Formen des Passivs (Passives) In passiven Stzen wird das Objekt des aktiven Verbs zum Subjekt des passiven Verbs. Aktiv
Subjekt Verb Objekt

Passiv
Subjekt Verb

Somebody built the first Ice Hotel in 1990.

The first Ice Hotel was built in 1990.

Wir knnen passive Verbformen verwenden, um Handlungen zu beschreiben, bei denen es unwichtig ist, wer sie ausgefhrt hat oder wenn man den Tter nicht kennt. My shoes were designed in Italy. All the furniture is made of ice.
Positiv Negativ Frage Kurzantwort Kurzantwort Yes No

Theyre made They arent Are they made in Yes, they are. No, they in China. made in China. China? arent. It was built in 1963. It wasnt built Was it built in Yes, it was. in 1963. 1963? No, it wasnt.

86