FOREWORD

This publication entitled Updated Production Costs and Returns

of Selected Agricultural Commodities is the 10th edition released every
other year by the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS). It is being
published in two parts, namely: Part I presents the Updated Costs and
Returns of Palay and Corn Production and Part II refers to Updated
Costs and Returns of Production of Other Commodities. For this years
publication, the reference period only cover two (2) years, 2009 and
2010.
As before, data are disaggregated at the national and regional
levels. For palay, data are presented by ecosystem, that is, irrigated and
non-irrigated and by season, dry and wet seasons. Data for corn are
presented by croptype, i.e, yellow and white and for only one cropping
season. The summary of findings contained in this report focuses only
on 2010 data.
The assumptions used in updating the costs of production are
based on current levels of production/yield and prices of inputs and
outputs. Gross returns are derived using the current yield level and average
price of output per kilogram. The results of the 2009 Survey of Costs and
Returns of Palay and Corn Production were used in updating the input
structure for the year 2010.
The BAS welcomes comments and suggestions from clients and
researchers for further improvement of the BAS updating system.

ROMEO S. RECIDE
Director

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title

Page

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ii

List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

iii

Assumptions/Bases Used in
Updating the Cost of Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

viii

Summary of Findings
A. Palay
All Palay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Irrigated Palay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Non-Irrigated Palay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1
2
4

B. Corn
All Corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White Corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
Yellow Corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.

5
5
6

Summary Tables . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Statistical Tables .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15

A.

Palay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16

B.

Corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

68

ii

LIST OF TABLES
Table No.

Table 1.1
Table 1.2
Table 1.3
Table 1.4
Table 1.5
Table 1.6
Table 1A
Table 1B
Table 1C
Table 2A
Table 2B
Table 2C
Table 3A
Table 3B
Table 3C
Table 4A
Table 4B
Table 4C
Table 5A
Table 5B
Table 5C
Table 6A
Table 6B
Table 6C

Title
PALAY
All Palay: Summary of Updated Average Production Costs
and Returns, By Season, By Region, Philippines 2010
Irrigated Palay: Summary of Updated Average Production Costs
and Returns, By Season, By Region, Philippines 2010
Non-Irrigated Palay: Summary of Updated Average Production
Costs and Returns, By Season, By Region, Philippines 2010
All Corn: Summary of Updated Average Production Costs
and Returns, By Season, By Region, Philippines 2010
White Corn: Summary of Updated Average Production Costs
and Returns, By Season, By Region, Philippines 2010
Yellow Corn: Summary of Updated Average Production Costs
and Returns, By Season, By Region, Philippines 2010
All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Philippines, 2009 - 2010
Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Philippines, 2009 - 2010
Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, by season, Philippines, 2009 - 2010
All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, CAR, 2009 - 2010
Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, CAR, 2009 - 2010
Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, by season, CAR, 2009 - 2010
All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Ilocos Region, 2009 - 2010
Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Ilocos Region, 2009 - 2010
Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, by season, Ilocos Region, 2009 - 2010
All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Cagayan Valley, 2009 - 2010
Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Cagayan Valley, 2009 - 2010
Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, by season, Cagayan Valley, 2009 - 2010
All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Central Luzon, 2009 - 2010
Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Central Luzon, 2009 - 2010
Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, by season, Central Luzon, 2009 - 2010
All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, CALABARZON, 2009 - 2010
Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, CALABARZON, 2009 - 2010
Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, by season, CALABARZON, 2009 - 2010

iii

Page

9
10
11
12
13
14
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34

List of Tables (continued)

Table No.
Table 7A
Table 7B
Table 7C
Table 8A
Table 8B
Table 8C
Table 9A
Table 9B
Table 9C
Table 10A
Table 10B
Table 10C
Table 11A
Table 11B
Table 11C
Table 12A
Table 12B
Table 12C
Table 13A
Table 13B
Table 13C
Table 14A
Table 14B
Table 14C

Title
All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, MIMAROPA, 2009 - 2010
Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, MIMAROPA, 2009 - 2010
Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, by season, MIMAROPA, 2009 - 2010
All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Bicol Region, 2009 - 2010
Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Bicol Region, 2009 - 2010
Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, by season, Bicol Region, 2009 - 2010
All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Western Visayas, 2009 - 2010
Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Western Visayas, 2009 - 2010
Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, by season, Western Visayas, 2009 - 2010
All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Central Visayas, 2009 - 2010
Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Central Visayas, 2009 - 2010
Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, by season, Central Visayas, 2009 - 2010
All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Eastern Visayas, 2009 - 2010
Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Eastern Visayas, 2009 - 2010
Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, by season, Eastern Visayas, 2009 - 2010
All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2009 - 2010
Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2009 - 2010
Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, by season, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2009 - 2010
All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Northern Mindanao, 2009 - 2010
Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Northern Mindanao, 2009 - 2010
Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, by season, Northern Mindanao, 2009 - 2010
All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Davao Region, 2009 - 2010
Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Davao Region, 2009 - 2010
Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, by season, Davao Region, 2009 - 2010

iv

Page
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58

List of Tables (continued)

Table No.
Table 15A
Table 15B
Table 15C
Table 16A
Table 16B
Table 16C
Table 17A
Table 17B
Table 17C

Title
All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2009 - 2010
Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2009 - 2010
Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, by season, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2009 - 2010
All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Caraga, 2009 - 2010
Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, Caraga, 2009 - 2010
Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, by season, Caraga, 2009 - 2010
All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, ARMM, 2009 - 2010
Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
by season, ARMM, 2009 - 2010
Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, by season, ARMM, 2009 - 2010

Page
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67

CORN
Table 18A
Table 18B
Table 18C
Table 19
Table 20A
Table 20B
Table 20C
Table 21A
Table 21B
Table 21C
Table 22
Table 23A
Table 23B
Table 23C

All Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,

Philippines, 2009 - 2010
White Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Philippines, 2009 - 2010
Yellow Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, Philippines, 2009 - 2010
Yellow Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, CAR, 2009 - 2010
All Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Ilocos Region, 2009 - 2010
White Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Ilocos Region, 2009 - 2010
Yellow Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, Ilocos Region, 2009 - 2010
All Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Cagayan Valley, 2009 - 2010
White Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Cagayan Valley, 2009 - 2010
Yellow Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, Cagayan Valley, 2009 - 2010
Yellow Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, Central Luzon, 2009 - 2010
All Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
CALABARZON, 2009 - 2010
White Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
CALABARZON, 2009 - 2010
Yellow Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, CALABARZON, 2009 - 2010

69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82

List of Tables (continued)

Table No.
Table 24A
Table 24B
Table 24C
Table 25A
Table 25B
Table 25C
Table 26A
Table 26B
Table 26C
Table 27A
Table 27B
Table 27C
Table 28
Table 29A
Table 29B
Table 29C
Table 30A
Table 30B
Table 30C
Table 31A
Table 31B
Table 31C
Table 32A
Table 32B
Table 32C

Title
All Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
MIMAROPA, 2009 - 2010
White Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
MIMAROPA, 2009 - 2010
Yellow Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, MIMAROPA, 2009 - 2010
All Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Bicol Region, 2009 - 2010
White Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Bicol Region, 2009 - 2010
Yellow Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, Bicol Region, 2009 - 2010
All Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Western Visayas, 2009 - 2010
White Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Western Visayas, 2009 - 2010
Yellow Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, Western Visayas, 2009 - 2010
All Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Central Visayas, 2009 - 2010
White Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Central Visayas, 2009 - 2010
Yellow Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, Central Visayas, 2009 - 2010
White Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Eastern Visayas, 2009 - 2010
All Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Zamboanga Peninsula, 2009 - 2010
White Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Zamboanga Peninsula, 2009 - 2010
Yellow Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Zamboanga Peninsula, 2009 - 2010
All Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Northern Mindanano, 2009 - 2010
White Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Northern Mindanao, 2009 - 2010
Yellow Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, Northern Mindanao, 2009 - 2010
All Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Davao Region, 2009 - 2010
White Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Davao Region, 2009 - 2010
Yellow Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, Davao Region, 2009 - 2010
All Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
SOCCSKSARGEN, 2009 - 2010
White Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
SOCCSKSARGEN, 2009 - 2010
Yellow Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2009 - 2010

vi

Page
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107

List of Tables (continued)

Table No.
Table 33A
Table 33B
Table 33C
Table 34A
Table 34B
Table 34C

Title
All Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Caraga, 2009 - 2010
White Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Caraga, 2009 - 2010
Yellow Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
Caraga, 2009 - 2010
All Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
ARMM, 2009 - 2010
White Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and Returns,
ARMM, 2009 - 2010
Yellow Corn: Updated Average Production Costs and
Returns, ARMM, 2009 - 2010

vii

Page
108
109
110
111
112
113

ASSUMPTIONS AND PROCEDURES USED IN UPDATING

THE COST OF PRODUCTION FOR PALAY AND CORN
ITEM
1. Cost of seeds/planting materials
(cash and non-cash)
2. Irrigation fee
3. Lease rental
4. Rental value of owned land
5. Landlord's share
6. Harvester/thresher/sheller's share
7. Cost of fertilizer

8. Cost of pesticide
Solid
Liquid

9. Soil ameliorants and other inputs

10. Cost of mulching materials
11. Labor costs (hired, unpaid operator
and family and exchange labor)
12. Rentals (tools, equipment, machine
and animals)
13. Food cost
14. Transport cost
15. Fuel and oil
16. Repair cost
17. Interest on crop loans
18. Other production costs
19. Depreciation cost
20. Interest on operating capital

21. Land tax

BASIS/PROCEDURE
)
)
) movement of the farmgate price
)
)
)
- movement of the gross value of production
per hectare
-quantity used from the results of 2009 survey of Costs
and Returns of Palay and Corn multiplied by the retail price
of urea from Weekly Price Monitoring Survey (AMSAD)
- movement of the retail price for selected pesticides
quantity used from the results of 2009 survey of Costs
and Returns of Palay and Corn multiplied by the retail price
of selected pesticides from the Monthly Farm Price Survey
- movement of the retail price of fertilizer
- movement of the retail price of fertilizer
- number of mandays from the results of the 2009 Survey
of Costs and Returns of Palay and Corn multiplied by the
nominal wage rate from the Agricultural Labor Survey (ALS)
- movement of agricultural wage rates
- movement of CPI for food
- movement of CPI for transport
- movement of CPI for fuel and oil
- movement of CPI for minor repairs
- increase of 10 percent per annum based on the average
5-year interest rate for agricultural loans
- movement of CPI for all items
- increase of 10 percent per annum based on the FAO
normal rate of obsolescence for tangible fixed assets
- 16 percent of total cash costs of seeds, fertilizer,
chemicals and paid labor based on the average BSP
investment rates like savings, time deposits, etc.
- increase of one (1) percent per annum

viii

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

ALL PALAY

In 2010, the average costs of palay production was P39,300 per hectare.
It was higher in the dry season cropping at P40,264. Production in the
wet season entailed P38,228 per hectare.

Palay farmers in the Philippines grossed an average of P53,859 per

hectare. The dry season cropping recorded gross receipts of P55,546;
this was P3,288 higher than gross returns of P52,258 in the wet season
cropping.

Net returns averaged P14,559 per hectare for all palay.

This
corresponded to P15,282 for the dry season cropping and P14,030 for the
wet season cropping.

On the average, palay producers earned P0.37 for every peso of

investment in production during the year. Net profit-cost ratio was 0.37
in the wet season production. It was 0.38 in the dry season.

Per kilogram, the average farmgate price was P14.87 and the cost of
production was P10.85. Palay was sold at a higher price during the dry
season at P15.26 and cost was P11.06. During the wet season, the
average price received was P14.48 per kilogram and cost was P10.59.

Among the regions, CAR recorded the highest cost of production at

P49,807 per hectare while it was lowest in Eastern Visayas at P28,498.
The average cost of production during the dry season was also highest in
CAR at P54,083 per hectare. It was relatively lower in Bicol Region,
Central Visayas and Eastern Visayas. Wet season cropping entailed the
highest cost in Davao Region at P48,001 per hectare.

Across regions, palay farmers in Central Luzon grossed the highest at

P67,152 hectare. The lowest gross returns were recorded in Eastern
Visayas at P43,170 per hectare. Dry season production in Central Luzon
indicated the highest gross returns at P81,658 while the least at P39,883
was noted in Central Visayas.

Net returns realized were biggest in Northern Mindanao at P23,670 while

Cagayan Valley and ARMM palay farmers realized net returns below
P10,000 per hectare each. CAR registered a net loss of P237 per hectare
during the period. Central Luzon farmers earned the biggest at P29,331
per hectare during the dry season while CAR farmers got the least at

P1,382 hectare. In the wet season cropping, Northern Mindanao netted

P25,803 per hectare. CAR and Cagayan Valley netted P3,893 per hectare
and P3,997 per hectare, respectively.

In terms of net profit-cost ratio, Eastern Visayas was on top at 0.71 and
Cagayan Valley was at the bottom at 0.13. During the dry season,
Zamboanga Peninsula had the highest net profit-cost ratio at 0.73 while
CAR had the lowest at 0.03. Eastern Visayas topped during the wet
season at 0.75 while CAR and Cagayan Valley recorded the lowest at 0.09.

On the average, cost per kilogram of palay farmers in CAR was highest at
P14.56 while price was lower at P14.49 per kilogram. Eastern Visayas had
the least cost at P8.15 per kilogram while average price received was
P13.95.

During the dry season, it was still CAR that recorded the highest cost of
P14.35 per kilogram while palay was priced P14.72. The least cost was
noted in Eastern Visayas at P8.45 per kilogram while palay was sold at
P14.35. In the wet season cropping, Cagayan Valley incurred the highest
cost at P13.24 per kilogram while price received was P14.43.

IRRIGATED PALAY

Costs incurred in irrigated palay production averaged P42,704 per

hectare. Dry season cropping entailed higher costs at P44,253. Palay
production in wet season incurred lower cost at P41,201.

Irrigated palay farms grossed an average of P59,272 per hectare. It was

higher in dry season cropping at P61,498 compared with wet season
cropping which recorded P57,196.

Average net profit from irrigated palay production amounted to P16,568

per hectare. Palay farmers realized higher net returns in dry season
cropping at P17,245.
Wet season cropping generated net returns of
P15,995.

Net profit-cost ratio was 0.39 in both seasons.

Per kilogram, average cost of production was P10.71. By season, it was

P10.98 in the dry season and P10.43 in the wet season. Farmgate price in
2010 averaged P14.87 per kilogram. It was higher in the dry season at
P15.26 than in the wet season which recorded P14.48.

On the average, production cost for irrigated palay farms was highest in
CAR at P52,873 per hectare. It was lowest in Central Visayas at P32,627.
CAR registered the highest cost for the dry season cropping at P56,514
while Central Visayas had the lowest at P31,241.

For wet season cropping, Davao Region posted the highest cost at
P48,832 per hectare and Eastern Visayas the least at P31,340.

Among regions, gross value of palay production was highest in Central

Luzon at P70,047 per hectare. The least grosser was Caraga at P46,760
per hectare. For dry season cropping, Central Luzon was the top grosser
with P81,722. Caraga was the least with P46,830. For wet season
cropping, Northern Mindanao recorded the highest gross receipts at
P66,603 and Caraga had the lowest at P46,670.

Net returns were highest in Zamboanga Peninsula at P27,196 per hectare.

Central Luzon palay farmers earned highest during the dry season
cropping at P29,342 per hectare. A net loss was recorded in CAR.

In wet season cropping, net returns were higher in Eastern Visayas and
Northern Mindanao earning more than P26,000 per hectare each. CAR
and Cagayan Valley had net returns of less than P6,000 each per hectare.

In terms of net profit-cost ratio, the highest was noted in Zamboanga

Peninsula at 0.76 and the lowest was in CAR at 0.01. For dry season, net
profit-cost ratio was highest in Zamboanga Peninsula at 0.83. CAR had
net-loss ratio of 0.01. In the wet season cropping, Eastern Visayas was on
top with net profit-cost ratio of 0.85 while CAR and Cagayan Valley had
the lowest at 0.12, respectively.

Average cost per kilogram was highest in CAR at P14.39. In Eastern

Visayas and Zamboanga Peninsula production entailed costs of less than
P9.00. CAR recorded its highest cost in the dry season cropping at
P14.84. It was lowest in Zamboanga Peninsula at P8.56.

Palay was priced highest in Central Visayas across all seasons at an

average of P16.26 per kilogram. Bicol recorded the lowest farmgate price
at P13.65 per kilogram. The dry season price was P13.78 per kilogram.
Meanwhile, it was in CALABARZON where the lowest farmgate price was
quoted in the wet season at P13.21 per kilogram.

NON-IRRIGATED PALAY

The average cost of production in non-irrigated farms was P31,823 per

hectare. Production cost was higher in wet season cropping at P33,742.
The dry season cropping cost P29,994.

Non-irrigated palay farms grossed an average of P39,019 per hectare.

Gross receipts were highest during the wet season at P43,295. Dry
season cropping grossed P37,234.

Net returns from non-irrigated farms averaged P7,196 per hectare. Wet
season cropping netted P9,553 and dry season cropping recorded net
returns of P7,240.

On the average, net profit-cost ratio was 0.23 and this was higher in the
wet season cropping at 0.28. In dry season cropping, net profit-cost ratio
stood at 0.24.

The cost of producing non-irrigated palay was P12.13 per kilogram. It

was lower in the wet season cropping at P11.28 per kilogram. Dry season
cropping cost P12.29 per kilogram. Farmgate price of palay in 2010
averaged P14.87 per kilogram. It was higher in dry season at P15.26 per
kilogram. During wet season, palay was priced P14.48 per kilogram.

Ilocos Region posted the biggest production cost at an average of P45,089

per hectare. Eastern Visayas had the lowest cost at P24,876 per hectare.
This situation was true for both dry and wet seasons.

Among regions, Ilocos Region grossed the highest at P52,043 per hectare.
The lowest was recorded in Cagayan Valley at P25,720 per hectare. Ilocos
Region grossed the highest for both dry and wet season croppings.
Cagayan Valley came down with the least gross returns.

Zamboanga Peninsula recorded the highest net returns at P14,402 per

hectare. Its wet season cropping cost P13,722. Central Luzon farmers
recorded the highest net returns in dry season cropping at P18,175 per
hectare.

The highest net profit-cost ratio was registered

0.54. This held true for both cropping seasons.

Cagayan Valley farmers had an average production cost of P19.83 per

kilogram. The same region had the highest cost for both seasons. The
cost of producing palay was lowest in Eastern Visayas at an average of
P9.07 per kilogram.
4

in Eastern Visayas at

In 2010, the average farmgate price was highest in Central Visayas at

P16.26 per kilogram. This region also had the highest prices at P16.46 in
the dry season and P16.07 in the wet season.

ALL CORN

The average cost of corn production amounted to P23,665 per hectare in

2010. Gross returns averaged P28,506.

Net returns realized were P4,841 per hectare. On the average, a farmer
earned P0.20 for every peso of investment in corn production.

Per kilogram, the average cost incurred was P9.27 while farmgate price
was P11.17.

Among the regions, Ilocos Region had the highest cost of production at
P44,663 per hectare while Central Visayas incurred the least at P12,989.

Ilocos Region recorded the highest gross receipts at P58,048 per hectare.
The lowest was noted in Central Visayas at P11,068.

Ilocos was still on top in terms of net returns at P13,385 per hectare
while Central Visayas recorded a net loss of P1,921.

CALABARZON, meanwhile, posted the highest net profit-cost ratio at

0.70. Central Visayas had a net loss-cost ratio of 0.15.

Per kilogram, Central Visayas incurred the highest cost at P15.73 and
CALABARZON, the lowest at P6.48. On the average, farmgate price of
corn was highest in Central Visayas at P13.40 per kilogram and the
lowest was in ARMM at P9.67.

WHITE CORN

White corn production in the Philippines entailed an average cost of

P17,272 per hectare. It generated gross earnings of P17,820.

Net returns realized averaged P548 per hectare. White corn production
had a net profit-cost ratio of 0.03.

Per kilogram, average production cost was P10.66 while farmgate price
stood at P11.00.
5

Ilocos Region incurred the highest cost at P35,943 per hectare and the
lowest was recorded in Eastern Visayas at P6,719.

Across regions, white corn farmers in Ilocos Region grossed the highest
at P48,236 per hectare while Bicol had the lowest at P8,232.

In Ilocos Region, net returns was highest recorded at P12,293 per hectare.
White corn farmers in Cagayan Valley, Bicol, Central Visayas and Davao
Region incurred net losses during the period.

In terms of net profit-cost ratio, CALABARZON got the highest at 0.72

while Cagayan Valley, Bicol, Central Visayas and Davao Region registered
net loss-cost ratios of 0.03 to 0.21.

Average cost of production per kilogram was highest in Central Visayas

at P15.87 and the lowest in Eastern Visayas at P4.97.

White corn was priced highest in Ilocos Region at P16.10 per kilogram
and the lowest was quoted in Cagayan Valley at P8.88.

YELLOW CORN

The average cost of yellow corn production was P32,587 per hectare.
Average gross earnings amounted to P40,840.

Net returns averaged P8,253 per hectare. Farmers in the country earned
P0.25 for every peso invested in producing yellow corn.

On a per kilogram basis, average cost was P8.98 and farmgate price was
P11.26.

Production cost was highest in Ilocos Region at P44,570 per hectare.

Central Visayas registered the lowest at P8,361.

Across regions, average gross earnings were highest in Central Luzon at

P61,659 per hectare while the lowest was recorded in Central Visayas at
P20,433.

Corn farmers in Central Luzon posted the biggest net returns at P23,262
per hectare. Western Visayas had the lowest at P4,831.

Farmers in Central Visayas netted an average of P1.44 for every peso of

investment in yellow corn production while those in Western Visayas
netted P0.17.

Per kilogram, yellow corn production entailed higher cost in Western

Visayas at P9.90. In Central Visayas, it was P3.74. Farmgate price in
Western Visayas was P11.61 per kilogram. It was lowest in Central
Visayas at P9.13.

SUMMARY
TABLES

TABLE 1.1. ALL PALAY: SUMMARY OF UPDATED AVERAGE PRODUCTION COSTS AND RETURNS, BY SEASON, BY REGION, PHILIPPINES, 2010

REGION
PHILIPPINES

GROSS RETURNS
DRY
WET
AVERAGE

DRY

55,546

40,264

52,258

53,859

TOTAL COSTS
WET
AVERAGE
38,228

39,300

DRY

NET RETURNS
WET
AVERAGE

15,282

14,030

CAR

55,465

45,781

49,570

54,083

41,888

49,807

1,382

3,893

ILOCOS

65,095

58,212

60,971

50,659

45,982

48,289

14,436

12,230

14,559
(237)
12,682

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

DRY
WET
AVERAGE
0.38

COST PER KILOGRAM

DRY
WET
AVERAGE
11.06

10.59

10.85

FARMGATE PRICE
DRY
WET
AVERAGE

0.37

0.37

15.26

14.48

14.87

0.03

0.09

(0.00)

14.35

12.99

14.56

14.72

14.20

14.49

0.28

0.27

0.26

12.44

11.73

12.21

15.99

14.85

15.42

CAGAYAN VALLEY

53,343

48,586

50,996

46,071

44,589

45,212

7,272

3,997

5,784

0.16

0.09

0.13

13.08

13.24

13.11

15.15

14.43

14.79

CENTRAL LUZON

81,658

56,609

67,152

52,327

42,606

48,287

29,331

14,003

18,865

0.56

0.33

0.39

10.24

11.27

11.13

15.98

14.98

15.48
14.02

CALABARZON

52,759

51,519

52,533

42,465

39,027

40,757

10,294

12,492

11,776

0.24

0.32

0.29

11.93

10.01

10.88

14.82

13.21

MIMAROPA

47,232

52,785

50,981

38,230

37,498

37,714

9,002

15,287

13,267

0.24

0.41

0.35

12.95

10.79

11.54

16.00

15.19

15.60

BICOL

45,736

47,190

46,574

29,334

34,279

31,581

16,402

12,911

14,993

0.56

0.38

0.47

8.84

9.81

9.26

13.78

13.51

13.65

WESTERN VISAYAS

45,547

46,298

47,621

31,288

32,644

32,536

14,259

13,654

15,085

0.46

0.42

0.46

10.61

9.41

9.84

15.45

13.35

14.40

CENTRAL VISAYAS

39,883

46,089

43,170

29,346

31,316

30,159

10,537

14,773

13,011

0.36

0.47

0.43

12.11

10.92

11.36

16.46

16.07

16.26

EASTERN VISAYAS

49,665

47,989

48,783

29,259

27,444

28,498

20,406

20,545

20,285

0.70

0.75

0.71

8.45

7.75

8.15

14.35

13.56

13.95

ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA

57,650

55,376

57,074

33,317

36,419

34,883

24,333

18,957

22,191

0.73

0.52

0.64

9.07

9.37

9.16

15.70

14.25

14.98

NORTHERN MINDANAO

58,920

63,578

61,789

38,395

37,775

38,119

20,525

25,803

23,670

0.53

0.68

0.62

9.97

8.85

9.32

15.30

14.90

15.10

DAVAO REGION

60,567

59,416

59,976

44,604

48,001

46,213

15,963

11,415

13,763

0.36

0.24

0.30

10.73

11.31

11.00

14.57

14.00

14.28

SOCCSKSARGEN

52,372

56,359

55,260

37,318

35,719

36,840

15,054

20,640

18,420

0.40

0.58

0.50

11.32

9.44

10.25

15.88

14.89

15.38

CARAGA

43,502

43,712

43,662

32,211

34,752

33,152

11,291

8,960

10,510

0.35

0.26

0.32

10.23

11.42

10.69

13.81

14.36

14.08

ARMM

44,194

47,671

45,991

34,312

39,765

36,785

9,882

7,906

9,206

0.29

0.20

0.25

11.34

13.38

12.25

14.60

16.04

15.32

TABLE 1.2. IRRIGATED PALAY: SUMMARY OF UPDATED AVERAGE PRODUCTION COSTS AND RETURNS, BY SEASON, BY REGION, PHILIPPINES, 2010

REGION

GROSS RETURNS
DRY
WET
AVERAGE
57,196

59,272

DRY
44,253

TOTAL COSTS
WET
AVERAGE
41,201

42,704

DRY

NET RETURNS
WET
AVERAGE

PHILIPPINES

61,498

17,245

CAR

56,054

50,651

53,236

56,514

45,394

52,873

ILOCOS

65,143

64,464

65,535

50,707

47,060

49,290

14,436

CAGAYAN VALLEY

58,752

50,750

54,693

48,006

45,320

46,648

10,746

CENTRAL LUZON

81,722

59,740

70,047

52,380

42,657

48,820

29,342

CALABARZON

56,998

55,482

56,543

45,142

42,234

43,698

11,856

MIMAROPA

52,816

57,768

55,864

41,461

40,684

40,799

BICOL

49,525

50,379

49,986

31,627

35,256

WESTERN VISAYAS

50,444

52,225

53,021

35,768

CENTRAL VISAYAS

46,121

52,758

49,739

31,241

EASTERN VISAYAS

63,456

57,901

60,724

ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA

62,392

62,786

63,126

NORTHERN MINDANAO

59,731

66,603

DAVAO REGION

63,103

SOCCSKSARGEN

(460)

15,995

16,568

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

DRY
WET
AVERAGE
0.39

0.39

0.39

COST PER KILOGRAM

DRY
WET
AVERAGE
10.98

10.43

10.71

FARMGATE PRICE
DRY
WET
AVERAGE
15.26

14.48

14.87

10

5,257

363

(0.01)

0.12

0.01

14.84

12.73

14.39

14.72

14.20

14.49

17,404

16,245

0.28

0.37

0.33

12.45

10.84

11.60

15.99

14.85

15.42

5,430

8,045

0.22

0.12

0.17

12.38

12.89

12.61

15.15

14.43

14.79

17,083

21,227

0.56

0.40

0.43

10.24

10.70

10.79

15.98

14.98

15.48

13,248

12,845

0.26

0.31

0.29

11.74

10.06

10.84

14.82

13.21

14.02

11,355

17,084

15,065

0.27

0.42

0.37

12.56

10.70

11.39

16.00

15.19

15.60

33,191

17,898

15,123

16,795

0.57

0.43

0.51

8.80

9.45

9.06

13.78

13.51

13.65

36,706

36,576

14,676

15,519

16,445

0.41

0.42

0.45

10.95

9.38

9.93

15.45

13.35

14.40

34,806

32,627

14,880

17,952

17,112

0.48

0.52

0.52

11.15

10.60

10.67

16.46

16.07

16.26

38,246

31,340

36,112

25,210

26,561

24,612

0.66

0.85

0.68

8.65

7.34

8.30

14.35

13.56

13.95

34,003

38,451

35,930

28,389

24,335

27,196

0.83

0.63

0.76

8.56

8.73

8.53

15.70

14.25

14.98

63,692

39,585

39,835

39,760

20,146

26,768

23,932

0.51

0.67

0.60

10.14

8.91

9.43

15.30

14.90

15.10

61,320

62,204

45,261

48,832

46,948

17,842

12,488

15,256

0.39

0.26

0.32

10.45

11.15

10.78

14.57

14.00

14.28

54,865

60,989

58,736

38,386

36,624

37,849

16,479

24,365

20,887

0.43

0.67

0.55

11.11

8.94

9.91

15.88

14.89

15.38

CARAGA

46,830

46,670

46,760

32,882

35,943

34,064

13,948

10,727

12,696

0.42

0.30

0.37

9.70

11.06

10.26

13.81

14.36

14.08

ARMM

60,327

65,235

62,950

37,318

39,936

38,543

23,009

25,299

24,407

0.62

0.63

0.63

9.03

9.82

9.38

14.60

16.04

15.32

TABLE 1.3. NON-IRRIGATED PALAY: SUMMARY OF UPDATED AVERAGE PRODUCTION COSTS AND RETURNS, BY SEASON, BY REGION, PHILIPPINES, 2010

REGION

GROSS RETURNS
DRY
WET
AVERAGE

PHILIPPINES

37,234

CAR

41,555

ILOCOS

54,462

CAGAYAN VALLEY

25,422

CENTRAL LUZON
CALABARZON

43,295

DRY

TOTAL COSTS
WET
AVERAGE

DRY

NET RETURNS
WET
AVERAGE

7,240

9,553

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

DRY
WET
AVERAGE

39,019

29,994

33,742

31,823

35,528

36,558

37,909

28,670

33,632

3,646

50,119

52,043

47,120

44,487

45,089

7,342

26,825

25,720

34,366

36,199

34,489

(8,944)

58,822

44,580

46,177

40,647

41,914

42,738

35,553

40,700

39,621

32,258

28,543

30,414

MIMAROPA

33,632

45,813

42,572

28,851

33,098

31,477

BICOL

35,608

41,422

39,244

25,661

33,010

29,289

9,947

8,412

9,955

0.39

0.25

WESTERN VISAYAS

38,733

40,998

42,091

27,470

30,356

29,880

11,263

10,642

12,211

0.41

0.35

CENTRAL VISAYAS

32,295

36,929

34,650

27,567

27,419

27,708

4,728

9,510

6,942

0.17

0.35

EASTERN VISAYAS

37,367

39,365

38,251

24,376

25,661

24,876

12,991

13,704

13,375

0.53

0.53

COST PER KILOGRAM

DRY
WET
AVERAGE

FARMGATE PRICE
DRY
WET AVERAGE

7,196

0.24

0.28

0.23

12.29

11.28

12.13

15.26

14.48

14.87

6,858

2,926

0.10

0.24

0.09

13.43

11.46

13.33

14.72

14.20

14.49

5,632

6,954

0.16

0.13

0.15

13.83

13.18

13.36

15.99

14.85

15.42

(9,374)

(8,769)

(0.26)

(0.26)

(0.25)

20.48

19.47

19.83

15.15

14.43

14.79

18,175

2,666

3,439

0.45

0.06

0.08

11.04

14.08

14.33

15.98

14.98

15.48

3,295

12,157

9,207

0.10

0.43

0.30

13.45

9.26

10.76

14.82

13.21

14.02

4,781

12,715

11,095

0.17

0.38

0.35

13.73

10.97

11.53

16.00

15.19

15.60

0.34

9.93

10.77

10.19

13.78

13.51

13.65

0.41

10.96

9.88

10.22

15.45

13.35

14.40

0.25

14.05

11.93

13.00

16.46

16.07

16.26

0.54

9.36

8.84

9.07

14.35

13.56

13.95

ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA

42,155

46,911

47,337

31,234

33,189

32,935

10,921

13,722

14,402

0.35

0.41

0.44

11.63

10.08

10.42

15.70

14.25

14.98

NORTHERN MINDANAO

46,436

46,667

46,961

34,141

34,525

34,370

12,295

12,142

12,591

0.36

0.35

0.37

11.25

11.02

11.05

15.30

14.90

15.10

11

DAVAO REGION

42,486

45,262

43,854

35,519

31,862

33,857

6,967

13,400

9,997

0.20

0.42

0.30

12.18

9.86

11.02

14.57

14.00

14.28

SOCCSKSARGEN

37,127

43,732

42,818

31,006

32,513

32,158

6,121

11,219

10,660

0.20

0.35

0.33

13.26

11.07

11.55

15.88

14.89

15.38

CARAGA

38,419

36,690

37,932

31,393

31,633

31,613

7,026

5,057

6,319

0.22

0.16

0.20

11.28

12.38

11.73

13.81

14.36

14.08

ARMM

37,902

43,629

40,690

32,633

39,683

36,103

5,269

3,946

4,587

0.16

0.10

0.13

12.57

14.59

13.59

14.60

16.04

15.32

TABLE 1.4. ALL CORN: SUMMARY OF UPDATED AVERAGE PRODUCTION COSTS AND RETURNS,
BY REGION, PHILIPPINES, 2010

REGION
PHILIPPINES

12

CAR
ILOCOS REGION
CAGAYAN VALLEY
CENTRAL LUZON
CALABARZON
MIMAROPA
BICOL REGION
WESTERN VISAYAS
CENTRAL VISAYAS
EASTERN VISAYAS
ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA
NORTHERN MINDANAO
DAVAO REGION
SOCCSKSARGEN
CARAGA
ARMM

GROSS
RETURNS

TOTAL
COSTS

NET
RETURNS

NET PROFITCOST/
COST RATIO KILOGRAM

FARMGATE
PRICE

28,506

23,665

4,841

0.20

9.27

11.17

58,048
39,293

44,663
33,090

13,385
6,203

0.30
0.19

9.39
9.55

12.20
11.34

22,308
32,848
18,905
26,316
11,068

13,135
21,173
13,866
22,108
12,989

9,173
11,675
5,039
4,208
(1,921)

0.70
0.55
0.36
0.19
(0.15)

6.48
7.19
8.09
10.03
15.73

11.00
11.15
11.03
11.94
13.40

15,659

14,596

1,063

0.07

10.65

11.43

33,842
14,401
29,704
25,026
26,496

23,064
14,116
24,977
21,314
23,194

10,778
285
4,727
3,712
3,302

0.47
0.02
0.19
0.17
0.14

7.32
10.69
9.52
8.93
8.46

10.74
10.91
11.32
10.48
9.67

TABLE 1.5. WHITE CORN: SUMMARY OF UPDATED AVERAGE PRODUCTION COSTS AND RETURNS,
BY REGION, PHILIPPINES, 2010

REGION
PHILIPPINES

13

CAR
ILOCOS REGION
CAGAYAN VALLEY
CENTRAL LUZON
CALABARZON
MIMAROPA
BICOL REGION
WESTERN VISAYAS
CENTRAL VISAYAS
EASTERN VISAYAS
ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA
NORTHERN MINDANAO
DAVAO REGION
SOCCSKSARGEN
CARAGA
ARMM

GROSS
RETURNS

TOTAL
COSTS

17,820

17,272

48,236
18,497

35,943
21,900

20,878
18,227
8,232
16,189
11,039
15,726
14,368
20,197
13,207
20,656
18,849
23,378

12,133
16,010
10,400
13,715
13,043
6,719
14,331
19,277
13,597
18,068
16,812
22,526

NET
RETURNS
548

NET PROFITCOST/
COST RATIO KILOGRAM

FARMGATE
PRICE

0.03

10.66

11.00

12,293
(3,403)

0.34
(0.16)

12.00
10.51

16.10
8.88

8,745
2,217
(2,168)
2,474
(2,004)
9,007
37
920
(390)
2,588
2,037
852

0.72
0.14
(0.21)
0.18
(0.15)
1.34
0.003
0.05
(0.03)
0.14
0.12
0.04

6.39
9.66
12.76
11.12
15.87
4.97
11.52
9.73
11.41
10.30
9.94
9.00

11.00
11.00
10.10
13.13
13.43
11.64
11.55
10.19
11.08
11.77
11.14
9.34

TABLE 1.6. YELLOW CORN: SUMMARY OF UPDATED AVERAGE PRODUCTION COSTS AND RETURNS,
BY REGION, PHILIPPINES, 2010
REGION

GROSS
RETURNS

TOTAL
COSTS

NET
RETURNS

NET PROFITCOST/
COST RATIO KILOGRAM

FARMGATE
PRICE

14

PHILIPPINES

40,840

32,587

8,253

0.25

8.98

11.26

CAR
ILOCOS REGION
CAGAYAN VALLEY
CENTRAL LUZON
CALABARZON
MIMAROPA
BICOL REGION
WESTERN VISAYAS
CENTRAL VISAYAS
EASTERN VISAYAS
ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA
NORTHERN MINDANAO
DAVAO REGION
SOCCSKSARGEN
CARAGA
ARMM

40,358
60,622
40,772
61,569
24,795
38,537
31,876
32,833
20,433

33,213
44,570
33,940
38,307
14,825
21,992
15,912
28,002
8,361

7,145
16,052
6,832
23,262
9,970
16,545
15,964
4,831
12,072

0.22
0.36
0.20
0.61
0.67
0.75
1.00
0.17
1.44

8.62
8.53
9.52
7.07
6.58
6.38
5.67
9.90
3.74

10.48
11.60
11.44
11.37
11.01
11.18
11.36
11.61
9.13

31,410
48,312
26,640
34,521
41,698
39,708

17,889
32,546
19,894
29,043
27,236
26,752

13,521
15,766
6,746
5,478
14,462
12,956

0.76
0.48
0.34
0.19
0.53
0.48

6.15
7.42
7.55
9.41
6.38
7.14

10.79
11.01
10.11
11.19
9.77
10.60

STATISTICAL
TABLES

PALAY

Table 1A. ALL PALAY: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Philippines, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

16,610
837
4,769
1,274
5,152
149
267
854
376
361
642
1,387
544

16,392
831
4,075
1,356
5,264
150
274
1,028
414
359
664
1,410
567

14,846
765
3,831
1,763
4,880
197
208
514
197
267
653
1,010
560

15,192
800
3,646
1,901
5,101
199
221
550
217
280
670
1,028
579

15,881
807
4,380
1,476
5,039
169
243
713
302
322
646
1,231
551

15,859
813
3,879
1,592
5,199
170
252
808
332
325
666
1,252
571

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

13,882
675
34
b/
662
3,470
3,162
3,152
786
192
416
1,330

14,175
670
28
b/
698
3,584
3,266
3,131
785
212
414
1,387

11,872
888
29
3
590
2,920
2,477
2,821
630
57
83
1,373

12,981
929
27
3
637
3,358
2,849
2,949
660
63
87
1,419

13,051
763
32
1
632
3,242
2,879
3,015
722
137
278
1,348

13,621
769
27
1
675
3,470
3,081
3,038
730
150
281
1,399

8,815
363
163
33
1,813
1,610
180
612
1,925
2,079
39

9,697
361
147
34
2,234
2,079
220
673
1,844
2,065
40

8,743
314
32
6
1,761
1,700
173
629
1,801
2,289
37

10,055
328
30
7
2,232
2,283
218
692
1,832
2,394
39

8,785
343
109
22
1,792
1,647
177
619
1,874
2,166
38

9,820
345
96
23
2,234
2,164
219
680
1,837
2,182
40

TOTAL COSTS

39,307

40,264

35,460

38,228

37,716

39,300

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

53,773
37,162

55,546
39,154

45,434
30,588

52,258
37,066

50,324
34,444

53,859
38,000

23,280
14,465

24,979
15,282

18,717
9,974

24,085
14,030

21,393
12,608

24,379
14,559

0.37

0.38

0.28

0.37

0.33

0.37

11.23
3,500
15.36

11.06
3,640
15.26

10.81
3,280
13.85

10.59
3,609
14.48

11.06
3,409
14.76

10.85
3,622
14.87

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

17

Table 1B. IRRIGATED PALAY: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Philippines, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

18,819
981
5,473
1,406
5,765
150
256
1,036
473
490
672
1,527
588

18,773
959
4,732
1,485
6,077
151
260
1,248
520
479
696
1,553
613

17,064
920
4,296
1,961
5,849
120
231
676
274
453
696
1,022
565

17,246
953
4,141
2,047
5,907
122
243
724
301
470
714
1,040
584

18,185
958
5,048
1,606
5,795
139
247
906
401
477
681
1,345
580

17,955
948
4,488
1,700
5,814
141
253
1,027
441
471
702
1,368
602

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

15,499
599
37
732
3,894
3,641
3,312
827
1
216
565
1,675

15,555
585
30
772
3,918
3,663
3,237
812
2
238
552
1,746

13,688
664
38
3
723
3,157
2,922
3,197
629
75
141
2,140

14,617
688
35
3
781
3,481
3,221
3,313
655
82
146
2,212

14,845
622
37
1
729
3,628
3,381
3,270
755
c/
165
412
1,843

15,101
615
31
1
778
3,722
3,468
3,233
751
c/
182
407
1,913

9,233
402
196
39
1,671
1,463
176
666
2,180
2,401
39

9,925
393
177
38
2,038
1,817
222
732
2,120
2,348
40

8,505
381
29
10
1,510
1,204
106
653
2,089
2,475
45

9,338
395
28
12
1,852
1,513
120
718
2,088
2,565
47

8,970
395
136
29
1,613
1,370
151
661
2,147
2,428
41

9,648
390
121
29
1,973
1,709
185
727
2,072
2,400
42

TOTAL COSTS

43,551

44,253

39,257

41,201

42,001

42,704

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

61,117
42,298

61,498
42,725

51,878
34,814

57,196
39,950

57,782
39,597

59,272
41,317

26,799
17,566

27,170
17,245

21,126
12,621

25,333
15,995

24,751
15,781

26,216
16,568

0.40

0.39

0.32

0.39

0.38

0.39

11.12
3,916
15.61

10.98
4,030
15.26

10.57
3,713
13.97

10.43
3,950
14.48

10.93
3,842
15.04

10.71
3,986
14.87

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified
c/Less than P1.00

18

Table 1C. NON-IRRIGATED PALAY: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Philippines, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

10,431
434
2,798
902
3,437
145
295
342
106
556
994
420

10,597
465
2,235
993
3,890
147
314
412
117
576
1,011
437

11,651
543
3,159
1,479
3,484
308
176
280
86
591
993
552

12,217
578
2,927
1,691
3,940
311
189
299
95
607
1,010
570

11,069
491
2,987
1,204
3,461
230
233
310
96
574
994
489

11,467
526
2,610
1,367
3,916
233
249
351
105
592
1,011
507

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Others b/

9,357
887
26
2
469
2,282
1,822
2,705
673
126
368

10,214
952
20
2
494
2,558
2,042
2,902
722
139
383

9,255
1,212
19
2
399
2,577
1,836
2,280
631
32
269

10,438
1,290
18
2
431
3,086
2,199
2,427
672
35
278

9,305
1,057
22
2
432
2,436
1,829
2,482
651
77
316

10,171
1,132
19
2
461
2,735
2,054
2,659
697
84
328

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

7,645
253
69
16
2,211
2,021
188
461
1,211
1,177
39

9,183
271
58
22
2,781
2,812
216
507
1,213
1,263
40

9,084
216
34
2,123
2,413
269
594
1,386
2,022
27

11,087
230
31
2,778
3,393
359
654
1,462
2,153
27

8,398
234
51
8
2,165
2,226
230
530
1,303
1,619
32

10,185
250
43
11
2,779
3,114
290
584
1,347
1,734
33

TOTAL COSTS

27,433

29,994

29,991

33,742

28,773

31,823

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

33,223
22,792

37,234
26,637

36,152
24,501

43,295
31,078

34,756
23,686

39,019
27,552

13,434
5,789

16,423
7,240

15,246
6,161

20,640
9,553

14,381
5,983

17,381
7,196

0.21

0.24

0.21

0.28

0.21

0.23

11.74
2,336
14.22

12.29
2,440
15.26

11.29
2,657
13.60

11.28
2,990
14.48

11.49
2,504
13.88

12.13
2,624
14.87

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

19

Table 2A. All Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, CAR, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

18,864
864
6,516
1,068
3,585
131
864
1,428
384
557
912
1,616
940

19,768
827
5,862
1,110
4,656
132
845
1,765
423
533
949
1,669
997

14,461
897
2,968
1,249
4,026
63
225
1,165
440
474
840
1,178
935

15,092
906
3,020
1,364
4,247
64
232
1,253
484
478
862
1,215
967

17,647
873
5,535
1,118
3,707
112
687
1,355
400
534
892
1,495
939

18,247
839
4,996
1,185
4,480
113
680
1,560
440
513
921
1,542
978

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

15,361
353
54
477
4,141
4,000
2,152
156
28
1,238
2,761

13,963
338
58
660
3,333
3,219
2,060
150
31
1,185
2,929

10,070
551
36
210
3,300
2,778
1,980
46
130
168
872

9,499
556
36
261
2,925
2,462
1,998
46
143
170
902

13,898
408
49
403
3,909
3,662
2,105
125
56
942
2,239

12,276
392
50
538
3,020
2,830
2,024
121
62
906
2,333

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

17,483
596
131
4
2,732
2,869
580
1,214
1,925
7,251
179

20,352
571
120
5
3,984
4,222
992
1,335
1,993
6,940
190

15,800
519
82
10
2,482
2,423
813
1,568
1,462
6,259
182

17,297
524
74
9
2,956
2,793
1,186
1,724
1,526
6,317
188

17,017
575
117
6
2,663
2,746
645
1,312
1,797
6,977
180

19,284
553
111
7
3,640
3,761
1,034
1,443
1,840
6,708
187

TOTAL COSTS

51,708

54,083

40,330

41,888

48,562

49,807

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

68,924
50,060

55,465
35,697

51,658
37,197

45,781
30,689

64,149
46,503

49,570
31,323

34,698
17,215

21,734
1,382

27,127
11,328

21,190
3,893

32,605
15,587

19,047
(237)

0.33

0.03

0.28

0.09

0.32

(0.00)

11.54
4,482
15.38

14.35
3,768
14.72

10.99
3,671
14.07

12.99
3,224
14.20

11.41
4,258
15.07

14.56
3,421
14.49

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

20

Table 2B. Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, CAR, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

18,850
850
6,633
1,043
3,579
138
716
1,465
417
604
954
1,535
916

19,858
813
5,970
1,099
4,736
140
703
1,811
458
578
992
1,586
972

15,981
1,043
3,205
1,418
4,749
56
267
1,273
521
561
983
912
993

16,657
1,043
3,262
1,531
5,011
57
275
1,368
573
561
1,008
941
1,027

18,106
900
5,743
1,140
3,882
117
600
1,415
444
593
961
1,374
936

18,789
862
5,184
1,214
4,744
118
595
1,629
488
568
993
1,418
976

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

16,075
382
58
518
4,151
4,099
2,336
160
31
1,344
2,996

14,613
365
63
716
3,313
3,271
2,234
154
34
1,285
3,178

11,170
417
42
243
3,618
3,092
2,344
29
154
199
1,032

10,838
418
42
302
3,379
2,887
2,346
29
169
199
1,067

14,803
391
55
446
4,013
3,838
2,338
126
63
1,047
2,487

13,376
375
56
596
3,232
3,091
2,240
122
69
1,003
2,592

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

17,929
633
142
5
2,789
2,834
630
1,263
1,937
7,503
193

22,043
605
131
6
4,099
4,205
1,076
1,389
3,150
7,177
205

15,802
615
97
12
2,624
2,074
493
1,412
1,666
6,629
180

17,899
615
87
11
3,137
2,463
711
1,553
2,502
6,634
186

17,377
628
130
7
2,746
2,637
594
1,301
1,867
7,277
190

20,708
602
124
7
3,785
3,680
963
1,432
2,944
6,973
198

TOTAL COSTS

52,854

56,514

42,952

45,394

50,285

52,873

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

70,240
51,389

56,054
36,196

54,233
38,252

50,651
33,994

66,087
47,981

53,236
34,447

35,314
17,385

21,583
(460)

27,082
11,281

23,156
5,257

33,178
15,801

21,071
363

0.33

(0.01)

0.26

0.12

0.31

0.01

11.58
4,564
15.39

14.84
3,808
14.72

11.24
3,823
14.19

12.73
3,567
14.20

11.50
4,372
15.12

14.39
3674
14.49

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

21

Table 2C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, CAR, 2009-2010

ITEM

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

19,030
1,026
5,144
1,369
3,656
45
2,601
993
419
2,558
1,220

18,692
992
4,580
1,236
3,713
45
2,528
1,227
436
2,642
1,293

6,971
11

5,443
11

4,028
2,832
100

3,131
2,201
100

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

12,241
163
2
2,064
3,284

13,774
158
2
2,640
4,431

634
1,791
4,292
10

TOTAL COSTS
GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Rentals

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

626
63
2,708
642

13,499
629
3,651
919
2,121
69
1,480
816
265
2,587
961

13,371
631
3,288
919
2,092
70
1,486
939
274
2,670
1,002

4,085
1,277
28
1,573
1,073
135

4,045
1,370
34
1,484
1,012
145

5,727
557
12
2,970
2,074
115

4,642
558
15
2,328
1,625
116

15,789

18,126

698
1,683
4,151
11

1,709
4,322
2,552
2,417
352
4,245
191

1,975
4,589
3,772
2,659
377
4,556
198

13,770
93
1
1,911
3,731
1,100
1,402
1,171
4,272
88

15,619
93
1
2,336
4,487
1,677
1,543
1,109
4,281
92

38,242

37,909

26,067

28,670

32,996

33,632

53,460
34,430

41,555
22,863

37,651
31,457

35,528
29,029

46,648
33,149

36,558
23,187

27,459
15,218

17,420
3,646

27,372
11,584

24,984
6,858

27,422
13,652

18,545
2,926

0.40

0.10

0.44

0.24

0.41

0.09

10.89
3,513
15.22

13.43
2,823
14.72

9.16
2,845
13.23

11.46
2,502
14.20

10.23
3,225
14.46

13.33
2,523
14.49

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

22

6,193
106
1,678
325
93
101

6,499
114
1,690
459
95
102

582
62
2,624
620

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

Table 3A. All Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Ilocos Region, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

23,989
1,407
7,330
1,406
9,059
71
120
969
77
390
1,152
1,187
823

22,816
1,425
6,133
1,495
8,641
71
124
1,209
84
394
1,177
1,214
849

19,911
1,449
5,521
1,056
7,182
213
253
721
66
223
1,337
597
1,292

21,073
1,515
5,263
1,165
8,297
215
265
775
73
233
1,348
607
1,317

22,037
1,427
6,464
1,239
8,160
139
184
850
72
310
1,240
905
1,048

21,959
1,458
5,709
1,345
8,486
140
189
983
79
316
1,258
922
1,074

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

17,368
252
650
2,211
4,080
9,470
9
64
272
359

17,147
255
393
2,173
4,011
9,590
9
70
276
370

12,621
298
501
2,269
2,543
6,080
393
6

13,542
311
497
2,554
2,863
6,359
411
6

531

541

15,097
274
579
2,239
3,345
7,848
193
36
142
441

15,320
280
443
2,303
3,440
8,020
197
40
145
452

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

10,056
137
202
9
2,873
1,811
179
1,037
3,072
643
93

10,696
139
194
11
3,104
2,317
212
1,141
2,831
651
96

9,420
121
2

11,367
126
2

1,895
1,486
238
1,947
2,433
1,216
82

2,579
2,190
374
2,142
2,598
1,272
84

9,752
129
107
5
2,405
1,656
207
1,473
2,766
917
88

11,010
132
99
6
2,859
2,259
288
1,620
2,720
937
90

TOTAL COSTS

51,413

50,659

41,952

45,982

46,886

48,289

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

66,223
42,234

65,095
42,279

51,712
31,802

58,212
37,139

59,280
37,243

60,971
39,012

24,867
14,810

25,132
14,436

19,180
9,760

23,597
12,230

22,146
12,394

23,692
12,682

0.29

0.28

0.23

0.27

0.26

0.26

12.26
4,195
15.79

12.44
4,071
15.99

11.52
3,640
14.20

11.73
3,920
14.85

11.93
3,930
15.09

12.21
3,954
15.42

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

23

Table 3B. Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Ilocos Region, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

24,053
1,414
7,342
1,405
9,101
71
123
961
78
397
1,147
1,187
827

22,875
1,432
6,137
1,495
8,686
72
126
1,199
86
402
1,172
1,214
854

20,400
1,135
5,854
1,072
7,066
133
234
970
93
355
1,249
724
1,515

21,463
1,191
5,749
1,140
7,948
134
245
1,043
102
372
1,259
736
1,544

22,703
1,311
6,792
1,282
8,349
94
164
964
83
381
1,185
1,016
1,081

22,314
1,326
5,959
1,378
8,452
95
167
1,114
92
386
1,202
1,035
1,108

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

17,435
253
659
2,217
4,095
9,494
9
65
277
366

17,190
256
398
2,171
4,011
9,615
10
71
281
377

12,714
268
685
2,425
2,398
6,001
82
9

14,310
281
611
3,098
3,063
6,298
86
10

847

863

15,690
258
668
2,294
3,468
8,203
36
44
175
543

16,091
262
477
2,481
3,751
8,300
37
49
177
557

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

10,050
129
206
9
2,893
1,773
176
1,047
3,082
642
93

10,642
131
197
11
3,115
2,246
204
1,152
2,840
650
96

9,568
153

11,287
161

2,228
1,300
134
1,895
2,420
1,356
81

2,933
1,846
192
2,085
2,564
1,423
83

9,872
138
130
6
2,647
1,598
160
1,361
2,837
906
89

10,885
140
123
7
3,061
2,110
201
1,497
2,738
917
91

TOTAL COSTS

51,537

50,707

42,684

47,060

48,265

49,290

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

66,511
42,459

65,143
42,268

50,470
30,069

64,464
43,001

60,583
37,880

65,535
43,221

25,024
14,974

25,078
14,436

17,355
7,786

28,691
17,404

22,190
12,318

27,130
16,245

0.29

0.28

0.18

0.37

0.26

0.33

12.23
4,214
15.79

12.45
4,074
15.99

11.97
3,567
14.15

10.84
4,341
14.85

12.14
3,974
15.24

11.60
4,250
15.42

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

24

Table 3C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Ilocos Region, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

20,484
1,049
6,634
1,467
6,718
38

19,524
1,053
5,769
1,462
6,200
38

1,402

1,749

1,398
1,179
599

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

1,429
1,206
618

19,086
1,978
4,959
1,029
7,376
349
286
301
21
1,485
384
917

20,436
2,055
4,471
1,207
8,884
353
298
324
23
1,497
389
935

19,155
1,931
5,043
1,051
7,343
334
272
356
20
1,481
423
902

20,466
2,074
4,641
1,201
8,632
337
290
412
22
1,502
431
924

13,695
220
167
1,910
3,250
8,149
-

14,103
220
132
2,062
3,509
8,180
-

12,464
347
192
2,005
2,788
6,214
918

12,544
361
306
1,868
2,597
6,458
954

12,526
341
191
2,000
2,811
6,311
872

13,039
366
293
1,941
2,727
6,777
935

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

10,421
571

13,493
573

1,782
3,938
378
481
2,539
674
57

2,514
6,169
654
530
2,317
677
59

9,170
66
5
1,333
1,799
412
2,034
2,455
982
84

11,507
68
6
1,982
2,769
679
2,238
2,659
1,020
86

9,232
91
5
1,355
1,905
411
1,957
2,459
966
83

11,584
98
5
1,983
2,905
669
2,153
2,648
1,038
85

TOTAL COSTS

44,600

47,120

40,720

44,487

40,913

45,089

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

50,444
29,960

54,462
34,938

53,806
34,720

50,119
29,683

53,638
34,483

52,043
31,577

16,265
5,844

20,835
7,342

22,256
13,086

17,139
5,632

21,957
12,725

18,538
6,954

0.13

0.16

0.32

0.13

0.31

0.15

14.08
3,166
15.93

13.83
3,406
15.99

10.82
3,765
14.29

13.18
3,375
14.85

10.95
3,735
14.36

13.36
3,375
15.42

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

25

Table 4A. All Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Cagayan Valley, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

21,396
893
6,071
1,405
6,615
122
293
1,703
512
417
810
2,029
527

21,605
875
4,749
1,497
7,571
123
291
2,050
563
409
847
2,080
550

17,593
1,081
4,140
1,674
6,246
100
334
1,410
316
294
867
818
313

18,476
1,119
4,023
1,846
6,814
101
345
1,520
348
304
897
837
322

20,131
955
5,428
1,494
6,492
115
307
1,605
447
376
829
1,626
456

20,431
944
4,503
1,604
7,269
116
305
1,826
492
372
862
1,666
472

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

14,065
476
31
674
2,926
3,747
3,873
619
32
259
1,428

12,925
467
28
630
2,463
3,154
3,798
608
35
254
1,488

13,464
452
43
1,090
1,527
2,979
4,053
611
13
212
2,483

13,086
468
45
1,002
1,339
2,612
4,196
632
14
220
2,558

13,865
468
35
812
2,461
3,492
3,933
616
26
243
1,779

12,856
463
33
753
2,066
2,932
3,888
610
28
241
1,842

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

10,429
355
306
51
2,200
1,147
94
559
2,398
3,245
73

11,541
348
229
57
3,029
1,574
80
615
2,351
3,182
76

12,188
396
34

13,027
410
29

2,331
1,397
41
744
2,103
5,066
76

2,744
1,428
66
818
2,208
5,245
79

11,014
369
216
34
2,244
1,230
76
621
2,299
3,851
74

11,925
364
163
37
2,914
1,515
74
683
2,291
3,807
77

TOTAL COSTS

45,890

46,071

43,246

44,589

45,010

45,212

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

63,372
41,975

53,343
31,738

55,408
37,815

48,586
30,110

60,722
40,591

50,996
30,565

27,910
17,482

18,813
7,272

24,350
12,162

17,024
3,997

26,726
15,711

17,709
5,784

0.38

0.16

0.28

0.09

0.35

0.13

11.19
4,102
15.45

13.08
3,521
15.15

10.88
3,974
13.94

13.24
3,367
14.43

11.09
4,059
14.96

13.11
3,448
14.79

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

26

Table 4B. Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Cagayan Valley, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

22,339
948
6,318
1,465
6,781
127
336
1,825
546
481
812
2,163
535

22,481
931
4,971
1,560
7,663
128
333
2,198
600
472
849
2,218
558

17,737
1,099
4,252
1,483
6,368
105
349
1,467
306
320
843
828
317

18,497
1,137
4,125
1,666
6,806
106
361
1,581
337
331
872
848
327

20,745
1,000
5,603
1,471
6,638
119
341
1,701
463
425
823
1,701
459

20,968
990
4,673
1,589
7,319
121
338
1,935
509
420
855
1,743
476

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

14,672
435
34
712
3,056
3,937
3,944
635
37
299
1,581

13,829
427
31
682
2,715
3,498
3,870
624
41
293
1,648

13,879
439
47
1,155
1,580
3,022
4,056
639
14
231
2,696

13,559
454
48
1,066
1,407
2,692
4,198
662
16
239
2,777

14,397
436
39
865
2,545
3,620
3,983
637
29
275
1,967

13,552
432
36
814
2,210
3,145
3,943
630
32
273
2,037

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

10,575
349
348
58
2,150
1,139
69
585
2,482
3,314
79

11,696
343
259
65
2,996
1,554
81
643
2,420
3,252
83

12,546
425
27

13,264
440
24

2,324
1,392
29
760
2,112
5,393
83

2,714
1,347
38
836
2,197
5,583
85

11,257
375
237
38
2,211
1,227
55
645
2,354
4,034
81

12,128
372
178
42
2,880
1,473
65
710
2,331
3,994
83

TOTAL COSTS

47,585

48,006

44,162

45,320

46,400

46,648

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

66,134
43,795

58,752
36,271

56,984
39,247

50,750
32,253

62,965
42,220

54,693
33,725

29,123
18,549

22,442
10,746

25,368
12,822

18,694
5,430

27,823
16,565

20,173
8,045

0.39

0.22

0.29

0.12

0.36

0.17

11.11
4,282
15.44

12.38
3,878
15.15

10.80
4,089
13.94

12.89
3,517
14.43

11.01
4,215
14.94

12.61
3,698
14.79

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

27

Table 4C.5 Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Cagayan Valley, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

15,312
532
4,473
1,021
5,544
89
15
911
294
798
1,158
477

15,925
521
3,305
1,083
6,972
90
15
1,097
323
834
1,187
498

15,936
880
2,852
3,871
4,836
44
162
759
430
1,135
703
263

18,165
901
2,784
3,917
6,899
45
163
818
473
1,174
720
271

15,455
612
4,102
1,674
5,381
79
49
876
325
875
1,054
428

16,298
596
3,179
1,720
6,886
80
49
997
357
910
1,080
444

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Others b/

10,146
739
12
429
2,086
2,518
3,413
512
436

7,891
723
11
292
1,165
1,406
3,339
500
455

8,692
608

7,786
623

339
917
2,482
4,021
290
35

263
660
1,787
4,121
296
36

9,813
709
10
409
1,818
2,510
3,553
461
344

7,797
690
9
283
1,072
1,479
3,459
449
356

9,486
391
35
4
2,524
1,199
253
396
1,851
2,798
35

10,550
383
33
5
3,246
1,702
73
435
1,901
2,736
36

8,071
64
107

10,248
66
82

2,412
1,455
179
553
1,990
1,310

3,088
2,354
386
609
2,320
1,343

9,161
316
52
3
2,498
1,257
236
432
1,883
2,457
27

10,394
308
46
4
3,177
1,838
145
475
1,981
2,392
28

TOTAL COSTS

34,944

34,366

32,699

36,199

34,429

34,489

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

45,535
30,223

25,422
9,497

37,263
21,328

26,825
8,660

43,639
28,184

25,720
9,422

20,076
10,591

1,606
(8,944)

12,636
4,564

874
(9,374)

18,371
9,209

1,625
(8,769)

0.30

(0.26)

0.14

(0.26)

0.27

(0.25)

11.88
2,940
15.49

20.48
1,678
15.15

12.35
2,647
14.08

19.47
1,859
14.43

11.98
2,873
15.19

19.83
1,739
14.79

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

28

Table 5A. All Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Central Luzon, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

22,424
1,598
6,591
1,299
5,851
255
210
1,496
788
653
653
2,272
757

22,765
1,606
5,605
1,024
6,886
258
221
1,854
867
656
674
2,328
786

22,370
1,641
5,105
1,418
7,458
267
289
902
367
196
1,078
2,161
1,486

23,537
1,651
4,804
1,318
8,832
270
292
963
403
197
1,096
2,191
1,520

22,412
1,608
6,255
1,326
6,215
258
228
1,362
693
550
749
2,247
922

22,647
1,586
5,331
1,136
7,225
261
232
1,563
762
542
767
2,291
951

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

19,029
493
26
1,388
5,943
5,031
838
1,661
6
367
998
2,277

20,049
495
23
1,049
6,601
5,587
842
1,672
7
403
1,003
2,367

10,362
386

10,485
389

582
2,938
3,496
1,387
1,048

650
2,949
3,508
1,395
1,055

54
90
381

59
90
390

17,068
469
20
1,206
5,264
4,684
962
1,523
4
296
793
1,848

16,481
462
19
938
5,075
4,515
949
1,504
5
326
782
1,906

8,758
344
200
40
1,181
1,592
240
862
2,454
1,835
9

9,513
346
174
22
1,506
1,938
306
948
2,419
1,844
10

7,627
527
25
39
1,057
811
30
1,117
2,500
1,488
32

8,584
530
26
30
1,442
1,090
50
1,229
2,657
1,497
33

8,502
385
160
40
1,153
1,415
193
920
2,465
1,756
15

9,159
380
138
24
1,466
1,707
241
1,012
2,444
1,732
15

TOTAL COSTS

50,211

52,327

40,358

42,606

47,983

48,287

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

73,527
51,102

81,658
58,893

56,406
34,036

56,609
33,072

69,654
47,242

67,152
44,505

32,073
23,315

38,844
29,331

23,674
16,047

22,587
14,003

30,173
21,671

28,024
18,865

0.46

0.56

0.40

0.33

0.45

0.39

10.85
4,626
15.90

10.24
5,110
15.98

10.66
3,788
14.89

11.27
3,779
14.98

10.82
4,436
15.70

11.13
4,338
15.48

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fetilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

29

Table 5B. Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Central Luzon, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

22,432
1,601
6,608
1,297
5,848
255
204
1,501
769
656
655
2,279
759

22,763
1,609
5,619
1,023
6,876
257
214
1,859
846
660
676
2,335
789

22,912
1,602
5,444
1,463
7,852
227
348
900
388
242
1,109
2,365
972

24,106
1,614
5,040
1,333
9,386
230
351
961
427
244
1,128
2,398
994

22,525
1,601
6,384
1,329
6,233
250
232
1,385
696
577
742
2,296
800

22,691
1,575
5,409
1,129
7,243
252
236
1,590
765
567
760
2,340
825

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

19,097
494
26
1,395
5,974
5,040
842
1,660
6
369
1,004
2,288

20,103
496
25
1,055
6,623
5,588
846
1,670
7
405
1,009
2,379

9,970
416

10,488
419

537
2,511
3,391
1,471
1,060

611
2,683
3,623
1,481
1,069

66
111
407

73
112
417

17,342
479
21
1,230
5,308
4,722
963
1,544
5
310
832
1,927

17,054
471
20
946
5,290
4,707
947
1,521
5
342
818
1,987

8,763
344
201
40
1,177
1,596
241
864
2,457
1,834
9

9,514
345
176
22
1,499
1,942
307
950
2,420
1,843
10

7,078
524
30
48
1,105
771
37
742
2,618
1,165
38

8,063
528
32
38
1,536
1,059
62
816
2,780
1,174
38

8,439
378
168
42
1,163
1,438
202
840
2,488
1,705
15

9,075
372
144
25
1,478
1,729
253
925
2,457
1,677
15

TOTAL COSTS

50,292

52,380

39,960

42,657

48,305

48,820

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

73,700
51,267

81,722
58,959

55,903
32,991

59,740
35,634

70,277
47,753

70,047
47,356

32,170
23,408

38,856
29,342

23,021
15,943

25,146
17,083

30,411
21,972

30,302
21,227

0.47

0.56

0.40

0.40

0.45

0.43

10.85
4,635
15.90

10.24
5,114
15.98

10.63
3,760
14.87

10.70
3,988
14.98

10.82
4,466
15.74

10.79
4,525
15.48

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

30

Table 5C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Central Luzon, 2009-2010

ITEM

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

20,825
1,014
3,220
1,651
6,615
373
1,352
623
4,570
208
906
292

23,015
1,195
2,606
1,265
8,876
377
1,451
771
5,027
215
929
303

20,052
1,808
3,658
1,229
5,774
439
38
912
275
946
1,290
3,684

21,108
1,806
3,788
1,255
6,461
443
40
974
303
962
1,308
3,768

20,116
1,742
3,621
1,265
5,844
433
148
888
632
884
1,258
3,401

21,701
1,809
3,777
1,271
6,840
437
156
1,019
696
906
1,282
3,508

5,621
275

7,689
324

3,332

4,991

2,014

2,374

12,036
260
774
4,765
3,943
1,030
995
269

10,003
259
814
3,628
3,002
1,030
995
275

11,502
261
710
4,369
3,892
945
1,080
247

10,097
271
771
3,542
3,156
981
1,122
254

7,844
451

9,943
531

9,973
542
2

10,803
542
2

141
1,976
718
473
2,000
2,063
23

143
2,917
1,146
520
2,231
2,432
23

856
982
2,723
1,995
2,865
9

1,041
1,221
2,995
2,130
2,863
9

9,796
534
2
13
949
960
2,535
1,995
2,798
10

10,940
555
2
14
1,222
1,249
2,789
2,192
2,907
10

TOTAL COSTS

34,290

40,647

42,061

41,914

41,415

42,738

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

39,275
18,450

58,822
35,807

58,553
38,501

44,580
23,472

56,948
36,832

46,177
24,476

12,828
4,985

28,118
18,175

26,465
16,491

13,469
2,666

25,330
15,534

14,379
3,439

0.15

0.45

0.39

0.06

0.38

0.08

11.84
2,896
13.56

11.04
3,681
15.98

10.77
3,906
14.99

14.08
2,976
14.98

10.84
3,822
14.90

14.33
2,983
15.48

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals: Land
Others b/
IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

31

Table 6A. All Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, CALABARZON, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

17,141
619
4,414
1,525
6,920
89
498
533
63
267
398
1,374
442

16,542
630
3,428
1,609
7,044
90
516
644
69
271
416
1,361
464

17,032
344
4,491
2,353
7,544
69
107
458
85
262
231
894
193

17,570
338
4,127
2,262
8,498
70
111
487
93
257
240
886
201

17,086
480
4,453
1,945
7,237
79
299
495
74
264
313
1,130
315

17,087
479
3,791
1,935
7,811
80
310
560
81
264
326
1,120
330

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

16,952
489
74
10
1,459
4,321
3,655
4,812
1,565
6
339
223

17,468
497
49
12
1,205
4,679
3,958
4,891
1,591
6
345
235

11,910
323
49

13,920
317
50

637
3,650
2,949
2,832
805

715
4,746
3,834
2,779
791

52
613

51
637

14,390
405
61
5
1,041
3,980
3,296
3,806
1,178
3
193
422

15,687
404
48
5
951
4,741
3,927
3,798
1,177
3
193
440

7,831
505
355
96
2,470
974
334
626
2,157
300
13

8,455
513
218
81
2,923
1,284
394
689
2,034
305
14

6,596
618

7,537
607

7
1,697
1,298
193
357
2,357
68
1

5
2,103
1,613
313
392
2,436
67
1

7,203
562
175
50
2,077
1,139
262
489
2,258
182
7

7,983
561
105
39
2,498
1,457
352
538
2,243
182
8

TOTAL COSTS

41,924

42,465

35,537

39,027

38,678

40,757

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

48,720
31,579

52,759
36,217

39,623
22,591

51,519
33,949

44,097
27,011

52,533
35,446

14,626
6,796

18,749
10,294

10,681
4,085

20,029
12,492

12,621
5,418

19,759
11,776

0.16

0.24

0.11

0.32

0.14

0.29

12.55
3,341
14.58

11.93
3,560
14.82

12.07
2,944
13.46

10.01
3,900
13.21

12.32
3,139
14.05

10.88
3,747
14.02

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

32

Table 6B. Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, CALABARZON, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

18,908
737
5,218
1,727
7,198
96
620
557
79
339
394
1,535
407

18,078
742
4,064
1,812
7,263
97
638
674
87
341
412
1,520
428

18,942
406
4,998
2,555
8,319
69
136
546
113
348
219
1,053
180

19,484
397
4,678
2,259
9,437
70
140
581
124
341
226
1,044
187

18,925
573
5,109
2,138
7,755
83
380
552
96
343
307
1,296
294

18,799
568
4,375
2,025
8,376
83
390
625
106
340
319
1,284
308

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Irrigation fee
Others b/

18,972
423
53
13
1,694
4,979
4,289
4,861
1,958
430
273

19,387
425
63
14
1,371
5,336
4,597
4,891
1,970
433
287

14,468
248
16

16,371
243
20

693
4,557
3,607
3,428
1,069
69
780

728
5,638
4,462
3,354
1,048
68
810

16,736
336
35
6
1,197
4,769
3,951
4,150
1,517
251
525

17,875
333
22
7
1,043
5,499
4,555
4,114
1,505
249
548

7,408
572
435
117
1,838
776
219
672
2,381
380
17

7,677
575
257
95
2,132
985
272
739
2,221
383
18

6,100
690

6,379
675

9
1,387
898
71
348
2,605
91
2

6
1,549
901
92
382
2,683
89
2

6,759
631
219
64
1,614
837
146
511
2,492
237
9

7,024
625
129
49
1,835
943
181
562
2,455
235
10

TOTAL COSTS

45,288

45,142

39,510

42,234

42,419

43,698

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

53,181
34,273

56,998
38,920

44,847
25,905

55,482
35,998

49,043
30,119

56,543
37,744

15,301
7,893

19,533
11,856

11,438
5,338

19,627
13,248

13,383
6,624

19,869
12,845

0.17

0.26

0.14

0.31

0.16

0.29

12.54
3,611
14.73

11.74
3,846
14.82

11.89
3,323
13.50

10.06
4,200
13.21

12.23
3,468
14.14

10.84
4,033
14.02

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

33

Table 6C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, CALABARZON, 2009-2010

ITEM

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals:
Fuel & Oil
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

10,549
179
1,414
770
5,883
64
43
440
410
774
571

10,759
193
1,054
848
6,226
64
46
533
429
766
600

11,222
157
2,948
1,737
5,186
69
19
191
270
410
234

11,819
157
2,525
2,271
5,641
70
21
204
280
407
243

10,917
167
2,254
1,299
5,501
67
30
304
334
575
386

11,371
173
1,879
1,637
5,917
67
33
345
347
570
403

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Others b/

9,412
735
152
583
1,864
1,288
4,628
98
27
37

10,170
792
134
587
2,066
1,428
4,989
105
30
39

4,132
553
148
466
891
947
1,020

5,660
552
149
678
1,528
1,624
1,018

107

111

6,521
635
150
519
1,331
1,101
2,653
44
12
76

7,831
660
134
640
1,917
1,586
2,755
46
14
79

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital

9,408
256
57
17
4,827
1,714
761
457
1,319

11,329
276
70
24
5,875
2,400
850
503
1,331

8,102
399

11,064
398

2,638
2,514
563
384
1,604

3,788
3,777
983
423
1,695

8,693
334
26
8
3,628
2,152
653
417
1,475

11,212
347
29
10
4,720
3,183
927
459
1,537

TOTAL COSTS

29,368

32,258

23,456

28,543

26,131

30,414

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

32,071
21,522

35,553
24,794

23,734
12,511

40,700
28,881

27,506
16,588

39,621
28,250

12,110
2,702

14,624
3,295

8,380
277

23,221
12,157

10,067
1,375

20,419
9,207

0.09

0.10

0.01

0.43

0.05

0.30

12.59
2,332
13.75

13.45
2,399
14.82

13.08
1,793
13.24

9.26
3,081
13.21

12.83
2,037
13.50

10.76
2,826
14.02

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

34

Table 7A. All Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, MIMAROPA, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

16,214
696
4,914
1,602
4,578
133
181
1,022
683
198
478
1,059
672

17,420
715
4,191
1,961
5,794
134
195
1,185
751
204
496
1,092
702

13,279
506
3,687
1,796
3,400
83
309
304
241
248
430
1,331
944

13,585
552
3,324
2,191
3,406
84
333
328
265
270
444
1,410
978

15,065
621
4,434
1,677
4,117
113
231
741
509
218
459
1,166
778

15,774
648
3,824
2,058
4,766
114
245
829
560
227
476
1,218
809

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

11,561
959
10

11,426
985
9

12,732
1,122
9

246
2,185
2,585
2,560
1,015
274
380
1,187

14,793
1,371
10
3
488
4,428
2,880
4,104
546

12,255
1,075
10

207
2,482
2,937
2,492
718
249
370
1,136

13,333
1,255
10
2
679
3,781
2,459
3,758
462
55
872

60
903

392
2,991
2,750
2,988
618
151
247
1,033

344
3,031
2,788
3,118
822
167
257
1,074

8,508
510
46
3
2,492
1,362
140
600
1,886
1,420
49

9,384
524
33
2
2,853
1,603
173
660
2,026
1,459
51

8,367
241
8

9,120
263
7

2,439
1,651
169
509
1,502
1,750
95

2,513
2,037
214
560
1,516
1,911
99

8,453
405
31
1
2,471
1,475
151
564
1,736
1,549
67

9,208
422
22
2
2,691
1,768
188
621
1,807
1,617
70

TOTAL COSTS

36,283

38,230

34,978

37,498

35,772

37,714

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

53,663
37,449

47,232
29,812

45,072
31,793

52,785
39,200

50,299
35,234

50,981
35,207

25,888
17,380

18,386
9,002

18,461
10,094

24,407
15,287

22,980
14,527

22,475
13,267

0.48

0.24

0.29

0.41

0.41

0.35

10.54
3,443
15.58

12.95
2,952
16.00

10.79
3,241
13.91

10.79
3,475
15.19

10.63
3,364
14.95

11.54
3,268
15.60

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

35

Table 7B. Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, MIMAROPA, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

18,463
764
5,346
1,728
5,301
107
202
1,326
877
270
537
1,221
784

20,277
757
4,786
2,069
6,937
108
214
1,538
965
267
558
1,259
819

15,996
580
4,579
2,270
3,774
82
462
453
343
430
496
1,223
1,305

16,513
628
4,180
2,598
4,039
82
495
489
377
466
512
1,296
1,351

17,636
703
5,089
1,910
4,789
99
289
1,033
698
323
523
1,222
958

18,798
709
4,546
2,252
5,825
100
301
1,155
768
327
542
1,277
996

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

12,503
905
10
138
2,506
3,158
2,592
851
325
503
1,515

11,804
897
9
116
2,175
2,741
2,568
859
357
499
1,583

14,739
1,219

15,770
1,321

783
4,266
2,652
3,597
627

423
4,806
2,988
3,898
678

95
1,499

103
1,553

13,252
1,010
7
354
3,096
2,988
2,929
776
216
367
1,510

13,069
1,020
6
222
3,001
2,896
2,957
790
237
370
1,570

8,503
579
15
4
2,313
1,174
168
668
2,102
1,429
50

9,380
574
18
2
2,682
1,362
210
735
2,328
1,416
53

7,795
285

8,401
309

2
1,850
1,426
35
551
1,792
1,733
120

2
1,909
1,706
36
606
1,831
1,878
124

8,266
480
10
2
2,158
1,258
123
629
1,998
1,531
74

8,932
485
12
2
2,374
1,465
146
692
2,133
1,546
77

TOTAL COSTS

39,470

41,461

38,529

40,684

39,154

40,799

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

60,845
42,382

52,816
32,539

51,281
35,285

57,768
41,255

57,639
40,003

55,864
37,066

29,879
21,375

20,735
11,355

20,546
12,752

25,485
17,084

26,751
18,485

23,997
15,065

0.54

0.27

0.33

0.42

0.47

0.37

10.48
3,768
16.15

12.56
3,301
16.00

10.53
3,658
14.02

10.70
3,803
15.19

10.49
3,731
15.45

11.39
3,581
15.60

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

36

Table 7C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, MIMAROPA, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

9,965
505
3,715
1,250
2,569
204
121
178
141
312
610
360

9,451
609
2,535
1,660
2,617
206
134
206
155
324
629
376

9,588
405
2,476
1,151
2,893
85
102
102
102
341
1,477
454

9,598
448
2,164
1,636
2,546
86
109
110
112
352
1,565
470

9,773
454
3,087
1,199
2,733
143
112
139
121
327
1,050
408

9,527
525
2,342
1,657
2,587
145
121
156
133
339
1,098
424

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals: Land
Interest payment on crop loan
Others b/

8,943
1,107
8

9,907
1,336
7

401
2,415
2,325
2,215
350
39
82

610
2,410
2,320
2,673
423
42
86

11,422
1,304
24
4
538
3,122
2,197
3,976
237

13,393
1,445
24
7
576
3,904
2,748
4,405
263

20

21

10,202
1,207
16
2
470
2,774
2,260
3,109
293
19
51

12,106
1,396
16
3
593
3,356
2,734
3,595
339
21
53

8,522
319
130

9,493
385
74

2,988
1,884
63
409
1,286
1,394
46

3,328
2,271
68
450
1,187
1,682
48

9,145
181
20
2
3,239
1,957
351
452
1,108
1,774
61

10,107
200
15
1
3,335
2,487
456
497
1,087
1,965
64

8,838
249
74
c/
3,116
1,922
210
431
1,196
1,587
54

9,844
288
43
c/
3,342
2,393
275
474
1,138
1,835
56

TOTAL COSTS

27,429

28,851

30,154

33,098

28,813

31,477

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

33,706
23,742

33,632
24,181

36,637
27,050

45,813
36,215

35,194
25,421

42,572
33,045

14,799
6,277

14,274
4,781

15,628
6,483

22,822
12,715

15,220
6,382

20,939
11,095

0.23

0.17

0.21

0.38

0.22

0.35

10.79
2,542
13.26

13.73
2,102
16.00

11.28
2,673
13.71

10.97
3,016
15.19

11.05
2,609
13.49

11.53
2,729
15.60

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

37

Table 8A. All Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Bicol Region, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

13,271
545
3,291
969
5,463
96
208
479
47
141
628
930
474

12,587
567
2,791
1,091
4,956
97
215
557
52
147
659
959
496

14,592
548
3,908
1,602
5,435
138
367
264
4
131
612
1,204
378

15,086
559
3,512
2,405
5,403
139
381
279
5
134
635
1,244
390

13,856
546
3,564
1,250
5,451
114
279
384
28
137
621
1,052
431

13,727
563
3,110
1,723
5,150
115
288
425
31
141
648
1,085
448

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

7,646
604
1

8,618
629
1

413
2,673
959
2,323
211
36
119
307

388
3,295
1,183
2,418
219
40
124
321

8,588
1,353
142
4
553
2,451
1,283
2,141
191
64
110
296

9,405
1,381
109
13
543
2,947
1,542
2,186
195
71
112
306

8,063
936
63
2
475
2,575
1,103
2,242
202
49
115
302

8,984
965
49
6
457
3,151
1,349
2,312
208
54
119
314

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

7,335
286
65
7
1,530
2,221
22
446
1,643
1,087
28

8,129
297
58
5
1,819
2,808
25
451
1,505
1,131
30

8,704
247
64
2
1,943
2,805
23
492
1,839
1,231
57

9,788
252
60
6
2,348
3,378
30
497
1,901
1,257
59

7,941
268
64
5
1,713
2,480
23
467
1,730
1,150
41

8,870
277
59
6
2,054
3,060
27
471
1,687
1,186
43

TOTAL COSTS

28,252

29,334

31,883

34,279

29,860

31,581

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

37,100
23,829

45,736
33,149

39,255
24,663

47,190
32,104

38,054
24,198

46,574
32,847

16,183
8,848

24,531
16,402

16,075
7,371

22,699
12,911

16,135
8,194

23,863
14,993

0.31

0.56

0.23

0.38

0.27

0.47

10.09
2,801
13.24

8.84
3,319
13.78

10.75
2,967
13.23

9.81
3,493
13.51

10.39
2,875
13.24

9.26
3,412
13.65

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

38

Table 8B. Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Bicol Region, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

15,533
469
3,715
1,106
6,843
93
188
608
76
239
776
827
595

14,411
484
3,244
1,206
5,862
94
193
707
84
247
815
853
622

17,335
675
4,608
1,676
6,703
126
368
352
3
242
805
1,342
433

17,047
684
4,194
2,112
6,256
127
382
372
4
246
836
1,386
448

16,292
555
4,091
1,346
6,784
107
264
500
46
240
788
1,044
526

15,547
568
3,640
1,643
6,020
108
271
554
50
246
823
1,077
547

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

8,539
618
2

9,371
638
2

412
3,276
814
2,498
231
58
202
429

376
3,857
958
2,580
238
64
209
449

8,683
1,100
241
7
767
2,435
828
2,152
316
103
203
531

9,277
1,115
185
23
706
2,894
984
2,181
321
113
206
549

8,599
821
103
3
562
2,922
819
2,352
266
77
202
472

9,340
840
80
10
516
3,461
971
2,407
273
84
207
491

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

7,211
303
65
12
1,105
1,908
14
505
1,941
1,352
7

7,845
313
59
8
1,307
2,454
17
556
1,727
1,397
7

8,100
272
106
1
1,560
1,938
36
516
2,186
1,462
23

8,932
276
99
1
1,784
2,533
47
568
2,119
1,481
24

7,586
290
82
7
1,297
1,921
23
510
2,044
1,398
13

8,304
297
75
5
1,508
2,484
30
561
1,899
1,431
14

TOTAL COSTS

31,283

31,627

34,118

35,256

32,477

33,191

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

42,068
26,535

49,525
35,114

42,388
25,053

50,379
33,332

42,203
25,911

49,986
34,439

17,996
10,785

25,743
17,898

16,370
8,270

24,055
15,123

17,312
9,726

25,099
16,795

0.34

0.57

0.24

0.43

0.30

0.51

9.92
3,154
13.34

8.80
3,594
13.78

10.73
3,180
13.33

9.45
3,729
13.51

10.26
3,165
13.34

9.06
3,662
13.65

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

39

Table 8C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Bicol Region, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

10,008
655
2,680
773
3,472
99
238
293
5
414
1,078
300

9,953
691
2,134
924
3,648
100
248
341
6
435
1,112
314

11,364
398
3,083
1,514
3,944
151
366
161
6
386
1,043
313

12,770
410
2,703
2,749
4,399
153
380
170
6
400
1,077
323

10,647
534
2,870
1,122
3,694
124
298
231
5
400
1,061
306

11,324
557
2,407
1,828
4,004
125
310
256
6
418
1,095
318

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Others b/

6,359
585

7,076
617

413
1,803
1,170
2,070
182
6
131

404
2,144
1,392
2,184
192
6
137

8,476
1,650
24
301
2,471
1,818
2,128
44
20
20

9,352
1,701
22
351
2,878
2,117
2,195
45
22
21

7,357
1,087
12
360
2,118
1,475
2,098
117
12
79

8,256
1,134
11
379
2,550
1,777
2,189
121
13
82

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

7,513
260
65

8,632
274
57

2,142
2,673
35
362
1,213
704
60

2,557
3,319
37
398
1,184
743
63

9,414
217
14
5
2,394
3,826
8
463
1,430
959
97

10,888
223
14
14
3,012
4,373
10
510
1,642
989
101

8,409
240
41
2
2,261
3,217
22
410
1,315
824
78

9,709
250
38
6
2,772
3,820
24
451
1,407
860
81

TOTAL COSTS

23,880

25,661

29,254

33,010

26,413

29,289

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

29,934
19,926

35,608
25,655

35,568
24,204

41,422
28,652

32,590
21,943

39,244
27,920

13,567
6,054

18,579
9,947

15,728
6,314

19,300
8,412

14,586
6,177

19,664
9,955

0.25

0.39

0.22

0.25

0.23

0.34

10.42
2,293
13.06

9.93
2,584
13.78

10.77
2,716
13.10

10.77
3,066
13.51

10.60
2,492
13.08

10.19
2,875
13.65

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

40

Table 9A. All Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Western Visayas, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

13,076
837
4,552
1,245
3,583
204
204
564
46
138
594
711
398

11,785
918
3,259
1,003
3,567
206
222
659
51
152
606
732
410

14,150
738
4,207
2,476
3,681
183
146
558
83
104
614
1,047
314

13,265
791
3,753
2,264
3,276
185
156
613
91
111
631
1,071
323

13,691
780
4,354
1,949
3,639
192
171
561
67
119
605
903
350

12,721
860
3,565
1,753
3,417
194
186
634
74
131
620
927
360

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

10,812
1,323
10
4
887
3,200
1,847
1,551
1,384
118
67
420

12,906
1,451
10
4
621
4,416
2,549
1,702
1,517
130
73
433

10,868
1,299
44
11
428
3,597
2,176
1,125
1,120

12,554
1,392
41
9
378
4,506
2,726
1,205
1,200

31
1,035

33
1,064

10,844
1,309
30
8
625
3,427
2,035
1,307
1,233
51
46
772

13,031
1,443
27
7
480
4,627
2,748
1,440
1,358
56
51
794

5,590
258
104
1
802
1,225
26
445
1,635
1,084
10

6,597
283
93
1
1,195
1,899
36
490
1,400
1,190
10

6,066
333
50

6,825
357
48

5,862
301
73

6,784
332
66

893
1,149
30
543
1,776
1,254
37

1,145
1,640
43
597
1,613
1,344
38

854
1,181
28
501
1,716
1,182
25

1,173
1,758
41
551
1,535
1,302
26

TOTAL COSTS

29,479

31,288

31,085

32,644

30,397

32,536

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

33,002
19,926

45,547
33,762

36,965
22,815

46,298
33,033

35,269
21,579

47,621
34,900

9,114
3,524

20,856
14,259

11,946
5,881

20,479
13,654

10,734
4,872

21,869
15,085

0.12

0.46

0.19

0.42

0.16

0.46

12.58
2,344
14.08

10.61
2,948
15.45

10.48
2,966
12.46

9.41
3,468
13.35

11.26
2,699
13.07

9.84
3,307
14.40

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

41

Table 9B. Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Western Visayas, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

16,976
1,323
5,754
1,481
4,822
227
328
830
65
326
575
873
373

14,785
1,425
4,150
1,139
4,227
230
353
968
71
351
588
899
384

17,340
1,163
4,732
3,315
4,480
197
326
882
104
326
635
815
367

15,627
1,230
4,321
2,653
3,591
199
342
969
115
345
652
833
377

17,158
1,243
5,242
2,399
4,651
212
327
856
84
326
605
844
370

15,263
1,336
4,242
1,942
3,902
214
350
968
93
350
620
866
380

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

12,562
1,224
7

14,152
1,318
6

895
4,145
2,458
2,040
779
248
157
611

731
5,018
2,975
2,196
838
272
169
629

12,769
1,164
99
25
666
3,810
2,407
1,302
702

14,076
1,231
96
21
684
4,446
2,809
1,378
742

97
2,497

102
2,567

12,666
1,194
53
12
781
3,977
2,432
1,670
740
124
127
1,555

14,378
1,283
52
9
707
4,880
2,985
1,795
795
136
136
1,600

6,183
300
162
3
792
785
14
540
2,141
1,427
19

6,831
323
152
3
1,147
1,285
20
594
1,751
1,536
20

6,590
463
25

7,003
490
26

672
666
33
863
2,190
1,603
76

913
929
36
949
1,887
1,695
78

6,387
382
93
2
732
725
24
701
2,166
1,515
48

6,935
410
89
2
1,027
1,102
28
772
1,828
1,628
49

TOTAL COSTS

35,722

35,768

36,698

36,706

36,211

36,576

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

41,667
24,691

50,444
35,659

44,747
27,407

52,225
36,598

43,210
26,051

53,021
37,758

12,129
5,946

21,507
14,676

14,638
8,048

22,522
15,519

13,386
6,999

23,380
16,445

0.17

0.41

0.22

0.42

0.19

0.45

12.31
2,903
14.35

10.95
3,265
15.45

10.35
3,546
12.62

9.38
3,912
13.35

11.23
3,225
13.40

9.93
3,682
14.40

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

42

Table 9C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Western Visayas, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

10,199
478
3,665
1,071
2,669
187
113
369
33
607
591
417

9,552
536
2,600
901
3,080
189
123
430
36
620
608
429

12,659
539
3,961
2,084
3,308
176
62
406
73
604
1,155
290

12,143
582
3,479
2,082
3,128
178
67
446
80
621
1,182
298

11,707
516
3,847
1,692
3,060
180
82
392
57
605
937
339

11,247
580
3,173
1,645
3,140
182
90
443
63
620
962
349

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Others b/

9,521
1,395
13
7
894
2,502
1,396
1,191
1,831
23
280

11,497
1,564
12
8
539
3,642
2,032
1,335
2,051
25
289

9,980
1,363
18
6
317
3,498
2,069
1,042
1,316

11,476
1,471
15
4
234
4,303
2,545
1,124
1,419

352

361

9,807
1,375
16
6
540
3,113
1,808
1,100
1,515
9
324

11,938
1,546
14
6
351
4,264
2,477
1,236
1,701
10
333

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

5,153
227
61
809
1,550
34
376
1,261
832
2

6,421
255
47
1,231
2,353
48
413
1,139
933
2

5,821
273
62
997
1,375
29
393
1,583
1,092
19

6,737
294
59
1,253
1,972
47
432
1,483
1,178
19

5,562
255
61
924
1,443
31
386
1,458
991
12

6,695
287
52
1,257
2,133
48
425
1,366
1,114
13

TOTAL COSTS

24,872

27,470

28,460

30,356

27,076

29,880

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

26,609
16,410

38,733
29,181

33,327
20,668

40,998
28,855

30,727
19,020

42,091
30,844

6,889
1,737

17,684
11,263

10,688
4,867

17,379
10,642

9,213
3,651

18,906
12,211

0.07

0.41

0.17

0.35

0.13

0.41

12.88
1,931
13.78

10.96
2,507
15.45

10.56
2,694
12.37

9.88
3,071
13.35

11.29
2,399
12.81

10.22
2,923
14.40

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

43

Table 10A. All Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Central Visayas, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

10,501
235
3,774
345
3,761
126
100
5
5
437
670
793
248

9,382
229
3,024
514
3,194
128
107
6
5
427
691
800
257

11,512
942
4,222
192
4,266
76
69
6
110
222
699
563
145

11,082
942
3,904
123
4,174
77
73
6
121
222
720
570
150

10,839
471
3,924
294
3,930
110
90
5
40
365
680
716
214

9,930
462
3,302
371
3,534
111
96
6
44
358
701
724
221

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Irrigation fee
Others b/

11,231
463
1,038

10,293
451
689

1,199
2,935
1,851
3,286
325
113
21

925
2,792
1,760
3,206
338
110
22

11,193
357
205
10
1,092
2,830
1,627
4,613
374
85

11,427
357
252
2
841
3,099
1,781
4,613
397
85

11,218
427
760
3
1,163
2,900
1,776
3,729
341
104
14

10,800
419
540
1
903
2,982
1,826
3,655
357
102
15

9,985
285
195
4,310
2,979
183
390
1,299
339
5

9,671
278
159
3,732
3,433
190
429
1,114
331
5

8,998
159
454
3,471
2,529
252
326
1,540
268

8,807
159
377
3,197
2,707
278
358
1,463
268

9,656
243
282
4,030
2,829
206
369
1,379
315
3

9,429
238
235
3,577
3,213
220
406
1,227
309
4

TOTAL COSTS

31,718

29,346

31,703

31,316

31,713

30,159

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

41,924
31,423

39,883
30,501

42,094
30,581

46,089
35,007

41,981
31,142

43,170
33,240

20,191
10,206

20,208
10,537

19,389
10,391

23,580
14,773

19,923
10,268

22,440
13,011

0.32

0.36

0.33

0.47

0.32

0.43

12.76
2,485
16.87

12.11
2,423
16.46

12.10
2,620
16.07

10.92
2,868
16.07

12.53
2,530
16.59

11.36
2,655
16.26

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

44

Table 10B. Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Central Visayas, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

12,746
486
4,668
446
4,503
130
39
12

11,557
468
3,800
833
3,810
132
41
13

980
625
570
287

944
645
574
297

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Irrigation fee
Others b/

12,552
318
1,544
1,500
3,153
2,611
3,052
73
253
47

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

13,418
1,466
4,421
156
5,145
109
20
12
219
443
738
538
151

12,925
1,425
3,921
79
5,223
110
22
12
241
431
761
544
156

12,988
838
4,579
342
4,734
123
32
12
79
787
666
558
238

12,007
808
3,818
539
4,328
124
34
13
87
758
687
564
247

11,365
306
1,011
1,178
3,046
2,523
2,938
70
244
49

13,355
141
110
1,281
4,206
2,271
4,786
391
169

12,799
137
163
851
4,188
2,262
4,653
380
165

12,841
254
1,028
1,421
3,532
2,489
3,676
187
223
30

12,010
245
695
1,068
3,540
2,495
3,541
180
215
31

8,856
403
372
3,049
2,389
16
332
1,616
679

8,319
388
300
2,562
2,601
24
365
1,426
653

9,051
294
908
2,676
2,556

9,082
286
749
2,516
2,986

291
1,790
536

320
1,704
521

8,926
364
565
2,915
2,449
11
317
1,679
627

8,610
351
465
2,558
2,749
15
349
1,519
604

TOTAL COSTS

34,154

31,241

35,825

34,806

34,755

32,627

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

47,742
34,996

46,121
34,564

52,977
39,558

52,758
39,833

49,624
36,637

49,739
37,732

22,444
13,588

23,199
14,880

26,203
17,152

27,034
17,952

23,796
14,870

25,722
17,112

0.40

0.48

0.48

0.52

0.43

0.52

12.24
2,791
17.10

11.15
2,802
16.46

11.18
3,205
16.53

10.60
3,283
16.07

11.82
2,940
16.88

10.67
3,059
16.26

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

45

Table 10C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Central Visayas, 2009-2010

ITEM

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

8,692
33
3,055
264
3,163
123
150
9
706
973
217

7,613
32
2,401
256
2,697
124
160
10
728
981
224

9,605
419
4,023
229
3,386
44
117

9,220
439
3,903
167
3,124
44
124

659
589
139

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals

10,167
579
630

9,180
573
428

957
2,760
1,238
3,475
529

721
2,394
1,073
3,439
552

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

10,895
189
53
5,326
3,455
318
437
1,042
66
9

10,774
187
65
4,676
4,103
325
481
862
65
10

TOTAL COSTS

29,755

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO
COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

679
596
144

8,977
153
3,356
253
3,233
98
140
6
692
854
192

8,114
153
2,862
225
2,845
99
149
7
713
862
199

9,028
573
301
20
904
1,454
982
4,440
357

9,694
600
344
5
831
1,720
1,162
4,654
378

9,813
577
528
6
940
2,353
1,158
3,775
475

9,459
577
406
2
760
2,306
1,135
3,775
498

8,945
23

8,505
24

4,267
2,501
504
361
1,289

3,878
2,428
557
397
1,221

10,288
137
36
4,996
3,158
376
414
1,119
45
7

10,135
137
44
4,460
3,615
398
455
974
45
7

27,567

27,579

27,419

29,077

27,708

37,235
28,543

32,295
24,682

31,203
21,598

36,929
27,709

35,357
26,380

34,650
26,536

18,376
7,481

15,502
4,728

12,569
3,624

18,015
9,510

16,568
6,280

17,077
6,942

0.25

14.05

0.13

11.93

0.22

13.00

13.29
2,239
16.63

14.05
1,962
16.46

13.55
2,035
15.33

11.93
2,298
16.07

13.37
2,175
16.26

13.00
2,131
16.26

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

46

Table 11A. All Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Eastern Visayas, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

10,493
173
1,743
450
5,147
113
267
294
48
56
765
1,200
237

10,278
174
1,486
550
4,988
114
278
338
53
56
788
1,208
245

10,555
178
1,232
351
6,066
88
275
213
100
18
1,106
786
143

10,152
197
1,155
392
5,591
89
292
226
110
20
1,137
797
146

10,516
175
1,553
413
5,488
103
270
264
67
41
892
1,046
202

10,205
180
1,352
481
5,215
104
281
291
74
43
918
1,058
208

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

10,964
469
2
436
3,054
1,756
3,649
260
204
177
957

13,635
470
2
396
4,730
2,719
3,662
264
224
178
990

7,706
588
15
405
2,553
1,290
2,544
165

11,078
651
14
394
4,559
2,304
2,816
182

105
40

117
41

9,754
513
7
424
2,868
1,583
3,239
225
128
150
616

12,629
528
6
395
4,642
2,562
3,334
232
141
155
634

5,060
172
16

5,346
172
15

5,664
137
12

1,476
1,862
69
514
1,152
50
36

6,214
74
10
2
1,895
2,604
70
365
1,174
20

5,227
133
13

1,404
1,644
70
467
1,202
50
35

5,509
67
9
1
1,710
2,063
57
332
1,252
18

1,517
1,799
66
417
1,221
38
22

1,632
2,138
69
459
1,156
39
22

TOTAL COSTS

26,517

29,259

23,770

27,444

25,497

28,498

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

32,069
21,576

49,665
39,387

26,879
16,324

47,989
37,837

30,141
19,626

48,783
38,578

10,612
5,552

25,752
20,406

8,618
3,109

26,759
20,545

9,871
4,645

25,949
20,285

0.21

0.70

0.13

0.75

0.18

0.71

11.83
2,242
14.30

8.45
3,461
14.35

10.84
2,193
12.25

7.75
3,539
13.56

11.46
2,224
13.55

8.15
3,497
13.95

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

47

Table 11B. Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Eastern Visayas, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

15,038
267
3,977
777
6,845
49
86
148
157
181
1,137
1,031
381

13,222
260
3,358
1,029
5,312
49
90
171
173
176
1,172
1,038
394

13,221
272
3,469
715
5,972
78
428
233
503
91
669
496
294

12,127
298
3,294
958
4,639
79
466
247
553
100
688
503
302

14,545
269
3,839
760
6,608
57
179
171
251
157
1,010
886
357

12,862
266
3,312
987
5,135
57
181
189
276
155
1,040
896
368

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

17,891
440
7
733
4,095
2,901
6,433
378
641
577
1,685

19,575
428
6
503
5,265
3,731
6,263
368
706
562
1,743

9,922
453

12,313
497

601
2,804
2,188
2,750
412

434
4,016
3,133
3,012
451

545
169

597
173

15,729
444
5
697
3,745
2,708
5,434
387
467
568
1,274

17,420
439
5
485
4,845
3,504
5,372
383
514
562
1,311

5,612
257
53

5,449
251
50

1,702
1,168
159
342
1,899

1,817
1,186
142
377
1,593

6,494
185
48
7
2,080
2,060
121
232
1,668
94

6,900
203
54
8
2,254
2,393
160
255
1,470
103

32

33

5,851
238
51
2
1,804
1,410
148
312
1,836
25
23

5,830
235
50
2
1,937
1,514
147
344
1,552
25
24

TOTAL COSTS

38,541

38,246

29,637

31,340

36,125

36,112

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

49,353
34,315

63,456
50,234

40,430
27,209

57,901
45,774

46,932
32,387

60,724
47,862

16,423
10,812

30,659
25,210

17,287
10,793

33,461
26,561

16,658
10,807

30,442
24,612

0.28

0.66

0.36

0.85

0.30

0.68

11.51
3,347
14.74

8.65
4,422
14.35

9.08
3,266
12.38

7.34
4,270
13.56

10.86
3,325
14.11

8.30
4,353
13.95

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

48

Table 11C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Eastern Visayas, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

8,480
132
753
306
4,395
141
347
358

8,974
136
657
339
4,845
142
362
412

600
1,275
173

618
1,284
179

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Others b/

7,898
481
b/
304
2,594
1,249
2,417
208
10
634

10,097
496

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

4,815
134
1,271
1,855
31
522
894
73
36

TOTAL COSTS
GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO
COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

9,916
155
696
263
6,088
90
239
208
3
1,211
855
107

9,676
173
642
256
5,819
91
250
221
3
1,245
867
109

9,065
141
730
289
5,085
120
303
297
1
849
1,104
146

9,243
150
645
299
5,243
121
316
328
1
874
1,116
150

7,175
621
19
358
2,493
1,075
2,494
105

9,937
690
18
385
4,154
1,791
2,772
117

10

10

7,603
538
8
326
2,553
1,178
2,448
166
6
380

10,025
570
7
363
4,052
1,870
2,591
174
7
391

5,305
138
1,325
2,162
37
575
956
75
37

5,273
38
1,621
2,063
42
356
1,152

6,048
43
1,808
2,655
49
391
1,102

5,002
95
1,414
1,940
36
454
999
43
21

5,608
100
1,522
2,363
41
500
1,014
46
22

21,193

24,376

22,363

25,661

21,670

24,876

24,417
15,936

37,367
28,393

23,629
13,713

39,365
29,689

24,096
15,031

38,251
29,008

8,039
3,223

18,296
12,991

6,539
1,266

19,752
13,704

7,428
2,426

18,983
13,375

0.15

0.53

0.06

0.53

0.11

0.54

12.09
1,753
13.93

9.36
2,604
14.35

11.55
1,936
12.20

8.84
2,903
13.56

11.86
1,828
13.18

9.07
2,742
13.95

348
3,969
1,911
2,490
216
11
656

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

49

Table 12A. All Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

15,233
431
3,169
1,493
6,509
146
428
381
104
320
390
1,550
312

14,330
441
2,415
1,486
6,208
147
447
459
114
327
402
1,560
324

14,798
528
3,145
2,346
5,450
112
173
332
323
198
406
1,406
379

14,535
513
2,742
2,913
4,948
113
176
360
355
192
419
1,415
389

15,018
479
3,157
1,915
5,985
129
302
356
212
260
398
1,479
345

14,417
478
2,580
2,200
5,565
130
310
407
233
259
410
1,488
357

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

10,088
627
66
275
1,582
777
4,397
271
14
85
1,994

10,882
642
58
236
2,007
986
4,501
279
15
87
2,071

13,727
919
43
740
1,536
1,326
2,521
389
172
168
5,912

13,988
893
44
335
1,854
1,600
2,449
380
189
163
6,081

11,889
772
55
505
1,559
1,049
3,469
329
92
126
3,933

12,458
771
52
288
1,949
1,311
3,464
330
101
126
4,066

7,343
225
43
18
848
786
17
390
1,856
3,159

8,105
230
25
34
1,274
1,163
29
429
1,688
3,233

7,023
327
79
45
1,159
759
37
398
1,835
2,384

7,896
318
68
64
1,668
1,181
65
437
1,779
2,316

7,185
275
61
32
1,002
772
27
394
1,846
2,776

8,008
275
45
49
1,480
1,174
48
433
1,732
2,772

TOTAL COSTS

32,664

33,317

35,548

36,419

34,092

34,883

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

45,442
30,209

57,650
43,320

45,883
31,085

55,376
40,841

45,660
30,643

57,074
42,657

20,121
12,778

32,438
24,333

17,358
10,335

26,853
18,957

18,753
11,569

30,199
22,191

0.39

0.73

0.29

0.52

0.34

0.64

11.02
2,963
15.34

9.07
3,672
15.70

11.37
3,127
14.67

9.37
3,886
14.25

11.20
3,045
15.00

9.16
3,810
14.98

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

50

Table 12B. Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

16,176
352
3,314
1,580
7,257
161
466
385
63
428
293
1,547
331

15,014
343
2,624
1,515
6,743
162
476
464
69
417
301
1,556
344

15,058
421
3,038
2,045
6,367
104
119
331
318
325
304
1,315
372

14,185
392
2,709
2,367
5,460
105
121
359
350
303
314
1,323
382

15,680
383
3,191
1,786
6,862
136
312
361
176
382
298
1,444
349

14,618
364
2,664
1,921
6,127
137
314
412
194
364
307
1,453
361

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

10,420
682
60
284
1,243
651
4,948
253
18
113
2,168

10,781
664
53
250
1,553
813
4,819
247
20
110
2,252

17,169
842
71
689
1,293
1,342
3,300
267
254
276
8,837

17,391
784
72
363
1,582
1,641
3,074
250
279
257
9,089

13,417
753
65
463
1,265
958
4,216
259
123
186
5,129

13,732
717
62
302
1,580
1,196
4,013
248
135
177
5,302

7,737
220
26
3
666
826
7
426
2,000
3,561

8,208
214
19
8
1,029
1,195
10
468
1,796
3,469

6,428
401
56
75
834
514

6,875
373
62
103
1,230
818

440
1,899
2,208

484
1,748
2,057

7,155
300
39
35
740
687
4
432
1,956
2,961

7,580
286
38
49
1,120
1,016
6
475
1,772
2,818

TOTAL COSTS

34,333

34,003

38,655

38,451

36,252

35,930

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

49,948
33,772

62,392
47,378

51,318
36,259

62,786
48,601

50,556
34,877

63,126
48,508

23,352
15,615

36,597
28,389

19,090
12,662

31,210
24,335

21,459
14,304

34,776
27,196

0.45

0.83

0.33

0.63

0.39

0.76

11.08
3,099
16.12

8.56
3,974
15.70

11.53
3,354
15.30

8.73
4,406
14.25

11.29
3,212
15.74

8.53
4,214
14.98

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

51

Table 12C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

12,446
665
2,744
1,236
4,300
101
314
369
224
678
1,560
256

12,317
832
1,798
1,391
4,628
102
341
445
246
698
1,570
266

14,394
695
3,313
2,815
4,021
125
259
333
331
565
1,547
389

15,060
734
2,801
3,714
4,152
126
267
362
364
583
1,557
400

13,620
683
3,087
2,188
4,132
115
281
347
288
610
1,552
336

13,988
779
2,406
2,758
4,379
116
297
397
317
629
1,562
348

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Others b/

9,106
465
83
249
2,584
1,151
2,770
326
1,478

11,143
582
73
197
3,391
1,510
3,468
386
1,536

8,367
1,040
820
1,914
1,301
1,308
579
45
1,359

8,568
1,099
-

8,661
812
33
593
2,180
1,241
1,889
478
27
1,406

9,978
926
31
259
2,922
1,664
2,156
536
30
1,454

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land

6,181
238
98
60
1,386
668
47
284
1,431
1,969

7,774
298
52
111
1,995
1,070
85
313
1,384
2,466

7,950
213
115

9,561
225
77

1,665
1,139
93
331
1,734
2,658

2,349
1,748
165
365
1,824
2,808

7,247
223
108
24
1,554
952
75
313
1,614
2,384

8,969
254
66
47
2,241
1,509
136
344
1,652
2,720

TOTAL COSTS

27,733

31,234

30,711

33,189

29,527

32,935

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

32,127
19,681

42,155
29,838

37,422
23,029

46,911
31,851

35,318
21,698

47,337
33,349

10,575
4,394

18,695
10,921

14,661
6,711

23,283
13,722

13,037
5,790

23,371
14,402

0.16

0.35

0.22

0.41

0.20

0.44

10.82
2,562
12.54

11.63
2,685
15.70

11.07
2,775
13.49

10.08
3,292
14.25

10.98
2,690
13.13

10.42
3,160
14.98

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

52

2,399
1,631
1,382
609
50
1,398

Table 13A. All Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Northern Mindanao, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

14,152
478
4,771
935
4,976
188
49
74
56
466
332
1,287
541

13,936
453
4,213
1,363
4,900
190
49
86
61
441
339
1,283
558

11,916
651
4,523
1,100
3,540
238
29
212
14
410
248
357
594

12,981
616
4,110
1,563
4,569
241
29
220
16
388
256
360
613

13,015
566
4,645
1,019
4,245
214
39
144
35
437
289
814
568

13,426
536
4,163
1,433
4,732
216
38
158
38
414
297
815
586

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

11,647
799
282
2,919
2,196
3,329
275
16
248
1,582

12,966
758
297
3,770
2,836
3,156
263
18
235
1,633

7,672
782
367
2,329
2,148
709
505

9,194
740
217
3,235
2,983
671
491

29
802

28
829

9,625
791
325
2,619
2,171
1,997
392
8
137
1,185

11,118
749
257
3,541
2,936
1,891
381
9
130
1,224

9,926
365
139
30
1,449
2,174
454
544
1,786
2,954
32

11,493
346
169
43
1,998
3,112
645
598
1,749
2,800
33

13,874
569
13

15,600
538
16

2,517
1,801
538
625
1,622
6,173
15

3,469
2,832
469
687
1,737
5,836
16

11,934
469
75
15
1,992
1,984
496
585
1,702
4,591
23

13,575
444
88
21
2,741
2,970
556
644
1,738
4,349
24

TOTAL COSTS

35,725

38,395

33,463

37,775

34,574

38,119

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

45,617
31,465

58,920
44,984

45,778
33,862

63,578
50,597

45,699
32,684

61,789
48,363

19,818
9,892

32,018
20,525

26,190
12,316

41,403
25,803

23,059
11,125

37,245
23,670

0.28

0.53

0.37

0.68

0.32

0.62

12.64
2,827
16.14

9.97
3,851
15.30

11.52
2,905
15.76

8.85
4,267
14.90

12.06
2,867
15.94

9.32
4,092
15.10

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

53

Table 13B. Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Northern Mindanao, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

15,363
558
4,615
1,225
5,627
91
65
105
65
659
376
1,391
586

15,016
537
4,033
1,782
5,304
92
64
122
72
634
384
1,387
605

14,902
705
4,417
2,081
4,607
151
62
460
13
892
437
310
765

16,393
670
4,388
2,871
5,353
153
63
478
14
847
453
312
791

15,177
617
4,535
1,570
5,216
115
64
248
44
753
401
956
658

15,524
590
4,163
2,171
5,331
116
63
272
49
719
412
958
680

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

14,252
716
353
3,517
2,291
4,457
389
23
351
2,154

15,091
689
361
4,138
2,695
4,289
378
25
362
2,154

12,335
595
770
4,031
3,214
1,414
1,098

13,341
565
438
4,846
3,863
1,343
1,070

64
1,150

66
1,150

13,480
667
521
3,724
2,662
3,232
674
13
235
1,750

14,511
637
393
4,506
3,222
3,087
658
15
243
1,750

8,547
488
195
43
1,134
1,979
248
551
1,924
1,947
39

9,478
469
222
61
1,391
2,590
360
606
1,865
1,874
40

10,018
667
28
2
1,496
1,115
792
461
2,002
3,451
4

10,101
633
35
2
1,691
1,271
555
507
2,125
3,277
5

9,139
560
127
26
1,280
1,631
467
514
1,956
2,553
25

9,725
535
145
37
1,513
2,066
438
566
1,961
2,438
26

TOTAL COSTS

38,162

39,585

37,254

39,835

37,797

39,760

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

50,764
35,401

59,731
44,715

55,405
40,504

66,603
50,210

52,633
37,455

63,692
48,168

21,149
12,602

29,624
20,146

28,168
18,151

36,869
26,768

23,975
14,836

33,657
23,932

0.33

0.51

0.49

0.67

0.39

0.60

11.95
3,194
15.90

10.14
3,904
15.30

10.55
3,531
15.69

8.91
4,470
14.90

11.35
3,329
15.81

9.43
4,218
15.10

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

54

Table 13C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Northern Mindanao, 2009-2010

ITEM

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

11,234
283
5,148
235
3,407
423
11
33
225
1,035
433

11,392
254
4,672
357
3,925
428
12
36
229
1,032
447

9,372
605
4,613
264
2,631
313

10,090
569
3,889
447
3,901
316

15
86
397
447

5,369
1,000
111
1,479
1,967
610
203

6,612
896
143
2,068
2,750
546
209

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

13,249
70
6
2,208
2,643
949
527
1,452
5,379
16

TOTAL COSTS
GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

17
89
400
462

10,013
494
4,797
254
2,898
351
4
21
134
617
443

10,545
460
4,182
408
3,902
354
4
23
137
618
457

3,698
942
23
879
1,240
109
505

4,171
886
29
1,091
1,540
103
522

4,273
962
53
1,085
1,490
281
401

4,992
896
68
1,413
1,939
262
414

16,137
62
24
3,462
4,369
1,332
580
1,473
4,818
17

17,160
485

20,264
457

3,388
2,386
321
765
1,298
8,493
24

4,983
4,162
397
842
1,409
7,989
25

15,814
342
2
2,982
2,474
537
683
1,351
7,421
22

18,833
319
7
4,447
4,226
720
752
1,432
6,908
22

29,851

34,141

30,231

34,525

30,100

34,370

33,214
21,980

46,436
35,044

37,573
28,201

46,667
36,577

36,073
26,060

46,961
36,416

16,611
3,362

28,432
12,295

24,503
7,342

32,406
12,142

21,787
5,973

31,424
12,591

0.11

0.36

0.24

0.35

0.20

0.37

15.36
1,944
17.08

11.25
3,035
15.30

12.75
2,372
15.84

11.02
3,132
14.90

13.53
2,225
16.22

11.05
3,110
15.10

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

55

Table 14A. All Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Davao Region, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

16,663
1,019
5,398
1,965
4,620
117
100
416
563
990
624
472
378

16,146
898
4,049
2,212
5,258
118
91
491
619
872
650
493
395

18,439
967
4,416
2,060
7,544
85
13
337
400
1,007
799
531
282

17,804
984
3,930
2,535
6,750
86
14
359
440
1,024
835
554
293

17,524
994
4,922
2,011
6,038
102
58
377
484
998
709
501
331

16,917
941
3,994
2,342
5,972
103
57
423
532
945
740
523
345

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

18,240
398
152
229
4,866
4,443
4,314
716
210
248
2,665

16,711
350
138
235
4,336
3,959
3,800
662
231
219
2,781

17,976
404

17,016
411

611
4,881
4,804
4,158
585
110
181
2,243

530
4,336
4,268
4,230
607
121
184
2,329

18,112
401
78
414
4,873
4,618
4,238
653
161
216
2,460

16,865
379
74
376
4,334
4,107
4,013
641
177
204
2,560

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

11,839
596
14

11,747
525
14

12,360
470

13,181
478

12,092
535
7

12,431
507
7

1,344
965
36
381
2,080
6,410
13

1,740
1,343
59
419
1,987
5,647
13

1,278
813
21
482
2,398
6,899

1,712
1,152
18
530
2,272
7,019

1,312
891
28
430
2,234
6,647
7

1,729
1,254
40
473
2,120
6,294
7

TOTAL COSTS

46,743

44,604

48,776

48,001

47,728

46,213

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

67,963
51,300

60,567
44,421

66,874
48,435

59,416
41,612

67,435
49,911

59,976
43,059

33,060
21,220

27,710
15,963

30,458
18,098

24,596
11,415

31,798
19,706

26,194
13,763

0.45

0.36

0.37

0.24

0.41

0.30

11.37
4,110
16.54

10.73
4,157
14.57

10.04
4,859
13.76

11.31
4,244
14.00

10.67
4,473
15.08

11.00
4,200
14.28

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

56

Table 14B. Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Davao Region, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

16,892
1,012
5,514
1,958
4,700
118
104
420
585
1,029
621
461
371

16,405
893
4,138
2,210
5,389
119
94
495
644
908
647
481
387

18,677
972
4,488
2,040
7,704
83
14
343
413
1,045
796
502
277

18,045
991
3,994
2,523
6,911
84
14
366
454
1,065
832
524
287

17,759
993
5,016
1,998
6,158
101
60
383
502
1,037
706
481
325

17,166
942
4,070
2,335
6,118
102
58
428
552
984
737
502
338

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

18,388
406
153
238
4,885
4,446
4,336
739
159
258
2,766

17,139
358
139
245
4,500
4,096
3,827
684
175
228
2,887

18,279
419

17,515
427

634
4,920
4,825
4,252
598
114
188
2,328

550
4,467
4,382
4,333
620
125
192
2,419

18,335
412
79
431
4,902
4,630
4,295
671
137
224
2,554

17,328
391
75
390
4,482
4,234
4,075
659
151
213
2,658

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

11,768
572
14
1,228
978
37
383
2,109
6,432
13

11,717
505
15
1,637
1,365
62
422
2,021
5,676
14

12,415
472

13,272
481

1,168
821
22
483
2,433
7,015

1,621
1,164
19
532
2,307
7,148

12,082
524
7
1,199
901
30
432
2,266
6,715
7

12,454
497
7
1,631
1,271
41
475
2,154
6,371
7

TOTAL COSTS

47,048

45,261

49,371

48,832

48,176

46,948

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

68,503
51,610

63,103
46,698

67,536
48,859

61,320
43,275

68,034
50,275

62,204
45,038

33,222
21,454

29,559
17,842

30,580
18,165

25,760
12,488

31,940
19,858

27,710
15,256

0.46

0.39

0.37

0.26

0.41

0.32

11.34
4,149
16.51

10.45
4,331
14.57

10.05
4,915
13.74

11.15
4,380
14.00

10.66
4,521
15.05

10.78
4,356
14.28

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

57

Table 14C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Davao Region, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

10,956
1,207
2,509
2,152
2,641
97
9
313

9,651
1,008
1,806
2,237
2,007
98
9
369

712
753
565

742
786
589

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Others b/

14,575
189
116
4,393
4,353
3,769
146
1,462
146

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)
12,210
827
2,525
2,571
3,351
125

11,479
791
2,234
2,856
2,537
126

168
58
882
1,288
415

179
58
922
1,345
431

12,168
158
133
3,422
3,391
3,149
154
1,608
153

10,042

9,284

3,860
4,234
1,689
258

3,527
3,868
1,615
274

13,612
1,190
8
4,227
637
327
1,361
5,862

13,700
994
24
4,309
800
327
1,129
6,117

10,940
404

11,099
386

4,149
620
437
1,484
3,846

TOTAL COSTS

39,142

35,519

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

54,537
43,581

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

11,549
1,027
2,516
2,350
2,976
110
5
244
27
792
1,006
494

10,494
913
2,008
2,508
2,256
111
5
274
28
827
1,050
514

12,432
100
61
4,141
4,297
2,786
199
771
77

10,868
89
70
3,481
3,612
2,477
211
848
80

4,084
850
437
1,347
3,995

12,349
818
4
4,190
629
379
1,419
4,909

12,495
728
13
4,212
824
379
1,230
5,109

33,192

31,862

36,329

33,857

42,486
32,835

49,542
37,332

45,262
33,783

52,176
40,627

43,854
33,360

29,007
15,395

20,667
6,967

27,290
16,350

24,499
13,400

28,195
15,846

22,492
9,997

0.39

0.20

0.49

0.42

0.44

0.30

12.52
3,127
17.44

12.18
2,916
14.57

9.81
3,384
14.64

9.86
3,233
14.00

11.18
3,248
16.06

11.02
3,071
14.28

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

58

Table 15A. All Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

11,786
554
3,404
1,377
3,006
132
144
281
397
415
600
1,047
431

11,499
549
2,790
1,753
2,828
133
148
323
436
411
630
1,047
451

12,675
884
3,162
2,111
3,469
115
69
325
430
519
571
702
316

12,801
967
2,891
2,596
3,127
116
75
347
473
567
602
711
329

12,208
711
3,289
1,726
3,226
124
108
302
412
464
586
883
376

12,159
737
2,841
2,195
2,980
125
114
334
454
481
616
889
393

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

16,543
934
2
410
4,193
3,885
3,576
521
126
544
2,352

16,614
927
2
272
4,103
3,801
3,547
822
139
540
2,461

14,733
659
3
928
3,783
3,430
2,835
714
85
50
2,245

16,045
721
3
457
4,409
3,996
3,100
875
93
54
2,337

15,682
804
3
656
3,998
3,668
3,224
613
106
309
2,301

16,513
833
3
357
4,326
3,970
3,341
845
117
320
2,401

8,608
465
487
213
1,274
1,324
75
388
1,335
3,046

9,205
462
405
251
1,547
1,740
85
427
1,267
3,021

5,757
174
5
1
969
1,197
105
444
1,540
1,321

6,873
190
8
1
1,322
1,740
147
488
1,533
1,444

7,253
327
258
113
1,129
1,264
89
414
1,432
2,226

8,168
339
212
136
1,455
1,750
113
456
1,400
2,307

TOTAL COSTS

36,936

37,318

33,164

35,719

35,143

36,840

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

53,516
41,730

52,372
40,873

48,369
35,694

56,359
43,558

51,069
38,861

55,260
43,101

25,187
16,579

24,259
15,054

20,962
15,205

27,513
20,640

23,179
15,926

26,588
18,420

0.45

0.40

0.46

0.58

0.45

0.50

11.05
3,342
16.01

11.32
3,298
15.88

9.34
3,551
13.62

9.44
3,785
14.89

10.21
3,441
14.84

10.25
3,593
15.38

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

59

Table 15B. Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

12,454
630
3,801
1,405
3,316
131
72
298
449
525
574
985
269

11,971
617
3,083
1,759
3,087
132
73
342
494
514
603
986
281

13,206
961
3,354
2,070
3,910
119
26
329
525
655
541
528
188

13,087
1,053
3,051
2,525
3,363
120
28
351
578
717
570
535
196

12,812
788
3,588
1,721
3,599
125
50
313
485
586
558
768
231

12,541
811
3,071
2,165
3,230
126
53
346
534
604
587
773
241

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

17,638
913
3
405
4,625
4,267
3,755
429
94
689
2,459

16,959
894
2
300
4,324
3,989
3,678
420
103
675
2,574

15,847
580
2
911
4,015
3,649
3,140
605
51
63
2,832

17,432
636
2
516
4,769
4,334
3,440
663
56
69
2,947

16,786
754
2
646
4,335
3,973
3,462
513
73
391
2,636

17,349
777
2
399
4,613
4,228
3,566
529
81
402
2,752

9,063
485
543
208
1,197
1,314
49
428
1,464
3,374

9,456
475
449
237
1,409
1,696
47
471
1,367
3,305

5,348
161

6,105
176

2
850
1,051
101
434
1,647
1,102

2
1,127
1,387
130
477
1,599
1,207

7,294
331
285
110
1,032
1,189
74
431
1,551
2,292

7,959
341
228
129
1,290
1,567
85
474
1,484
2,361

TOTAL COSTS

39,155

38,386

34,402

36,624

36,892

37,849

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

58,686
46,233

54,865
42,894

51,352
38,146

60,989
47,902

55,195
42,383

58,736
46,195

28,594
19,532

25,935
16,479

22,298
16,950

30,470
24,365

25,597
18,303

28,846
20,887

0.50

0.43

0.49

0.67

0.50

0.55

10.81
3,621
16.21

11.11
3,455
15.88

9.10
3,779
13.59

8.94
4,096
14.89

9.98
3,696
14.93

9.91
3,819
15.38

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

60

Table 15C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

9,269
267
1,907
1,275
1,837
136
415
218
199
696
1,278
1,041

9,708
285
1,689
1,733
1,851
137
445
250
219
731
1,279
1,089

10,641
590
2,431
2,268
1,782
102
233
310
65
687
1,368
805

11,698
636
2,269
2,867
2,222
103
252
331
71
724
1,385
838

9,917
419
2,154
1,744
1,811
120
329
262
135
692
1,321
929

10,693
450
1,965
2,308
2,029
121
355
289
149
728
1,329
970

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Others b/

12,413
1,016

13,057
1,085

427
2,563
2,443
2,899
871
248
1,947

169
2,796
2,665
3,098
934
272
2,038

10,469
962
10
992
2,898
2,590
1,671
1,132
214

11,031
1,038
10
230
3,429
3,065
1,803
1,221
235

11,495
990
5
694
2,721
2,512
2,319
994
232
1,027

12,482
1,064
5
197
3,290
3,038
2,491
1,070
255
1,072

6,894
391
276
232
1,565
1,361
174
238
846
1,811

8,241
418
241
300
2,068
1,904
224
261
889
1,936

7,320
223
25

9,784
241
39

1,425
1,757
118
481
1,131
2,160

2,069
3,087
209
529
1,279
2,331

7,095
312
158
123
1,498
1,548
147
353
981
1,976

8,983
335
149
163
2,082
2,445
219
388
1,080
2,122

TOTAL COSTS

28,576

31,006

28,430

32,513

28,507

32,158

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

34,031
24,762

37,127
27,419

36,959
26,318

43,732
32,034

35,414
25,497

42,818
32,125

12,349
5,455

14,362
6,121

15,849
8,529

21,003
11,219

14,002
6,907

19,643
10,660

0.19

0.20

0.30

0.35

0.24

0.33

12.48
2,290
14.86

13.26
2,338
15.88

10.61
2,679
13.80

11.07
2,937
14.89

11.52
2,474
14.32

11.55
2,784
15.38

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

61

Table 16A. All Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Caraga, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010
2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

14,257
712
2,794
1,667
5,746
97
59
453
100
235
909
1,070
415

13,755
631
2,294
1,673
5,722
98
64
528
110
208
942
1,054
431

15,211
958
2,778
2,532
5,176
69
84
482
48
394
957
1,358
374

15,990
949
2,416
2,603
6,143
70
90
520
53
390
996
1,371
389

14,582
796
2,789
1,962
5,552
87
67
463
82
289
925
1,168
401

14,534
736
2,321
2,012
5,885
88
73
519
90
267
961
1,165
417

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

12,696
366
9
577
2,323
3,640
3,325
1,021
1,055
215
165

11,773
324
7
338
2,223
3,483
2,946
930
1,160
191
171

12,000
589

12,641
584

374
2,106
3,267
2,465
1,043
553
115
1,489

368
2,329
3,612
2,442
1,037
608
114
1,547

12,458
442
6
508
2,249
3,513
3,032
1,029
883
181
616

12,101
409
5
349
2,260
3,530
2,803
966
972
167
640

5,941
533
188
1,567
1,074
161
484
1,747
181
5

6,683
473
201
1,944
1,494
222
533
1,651
160
5

5,297
116
46
1,434
896
37
529
1,831
409

6,121
115
36
1,808
1,183
54
582
1,938
405

5,721
391
139
1,522
1,013
118
499
1,776
259
3

6,517
362
146
1,905
1,394
166
549
1,753
239
3

TOTAL COSTS

32,893

32,211

32,507

34,752

32,762

33,152

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

45,461
31,205

43,502
29,747

39,529
24,318

43,712
27,722

43,439
28,857

43,662
29,128

18,509
12,568

17,974
11,291

12,318
7,021

15,081
8,960

16,399
10,677

17,027
10,510

0.38

0.35

0.22

0.26

0.33

0.32

11.28
2,916
15.59

10.23
3,150
13.81

11.92
2,727
14.49

11.42
3,044
14.36

11.49
2,851
15.23

10.69
3,101
14.08

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

62

Table 16B. Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Caraga, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

15,369
767
3,466
1,667
6,191
77
31
379
139
389
830
1,041
392

14,733
671
2,875
1,706
6,146
78
30
441
153
341
860
1,026
406

15,867
998
3,002
2,297
5,649
64
33
421
60
540
912
1,520
371

16,884
991
2,666
2,424
6,778
64
35
454
66
536
949
1,535
386

15,560
856
3,287
1,910
5,983
72
32
395
108
447
861
1,225
384

15,563
788
2,776
2,002
6,403
73
33
442
119
412
894
1,222
399

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Others b/

12,788
327
3
541
2,246
3,825
3,250
996
970
356
273

11,931
286
3
416
2,152
3,664
2,845
903
1,067
312
283

13,214
522

13,709
519

277
2,315
3,697
2,880
946
487
157
1,931

243
2,481
3,962
2,861
945
536
156
2,006

12,951
402
2
439
2,273
3,776
3,108
977
784
280
911

12,610
370
2
351
2,269
3,769
2,864
918
863
258
946

5,521
487
215
2
1,328
931
195
420
1,935

6,218
426
257
6
1,645
1,317
274
462
1,824

4,692
81
31

5,350
81
29

5,203
331
144

5,891
305
163

1,260
765
29
329
1,911
287

1,519
975
42
362
2,057
285

1,302
867
131
385
1,926
110
4

1,602
1,190
186
424
1,915
102
4

TOTAL COSTS

33,678

32,882

33,773

35,943

33,714

34,064

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

48,894
33,525

46,830
32,097

43,551
27,684

46,670
29,786

46,839
31,279

46,760
31,197

20,738
15,216

20,166
13,948

14,471
9,778

16,077
10,727

18,328
13,125

18,587
12,696

0.45

0.42

0.29

0.30

0.39

0.37

10.87
3,098
15.78

9.70
3,391
13.81

11.21
3,012
14.46

11.06
3,250
14.36

11.00
3,065
15.28

10.26
3,321
14.08

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

63

Table 16C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, Caraga, 2009-2010

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

12,563
629
1,772
1,666
5,068
126
101
567
41
1,029
1,113
451

12,262
570
1,417
1,621
5,076
128
115
660
45
1,067
1,096
467

13,442
850
2,174
3,166
3,900
83
223
647
15
1,081
920
382

13,579
834
1,741
3,085
4,432
84
239
697
17
1,124
929
397

12,792
687
1,877
2,057
4,763
115
133
588
34
1,042
1,063
433

12,648
640
1,491
2,030
4,937
116
147
658
38
1,082
1,060
449

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Others b/

12,555
425
17
634
2,440
3,357
3,440
1,059
1,184
-

11,712
385
15
219
2,330
3,206
3,115
1,140
1,302
-

8,728
769

9,839
755

635
1,543
2,107
1,344
1,305
728
298

706
1,973
2,694
1,319
1,281
801
310

11,556
515
13
634
2,206
3,031
2,893
1,123
1,065
78

11,299
480
11
346
2,248
3,089
2,694
1,179
1,171
81

6,580
604
146
1,931
1,291
107
581
1,462
456
2

7,419
547
124
2,399
1,763
142
640
1,389
413
2

6,927
210
86
1,903
1,249
57
1,068
1,615
739

8,215
206
75
2,588
1,745
86
1,175
1,615
725

6,671
501
130
1,924
1,280
94
709
1,502
530
2

7,666
467
113
2,460
1,768
128
779
1,456
493
2

TOTAL COSTS

31,699

31,393

29,096

31,633

31,019

31,613

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

40,232
27,669

38,419
26,157

28,688
15,246

36,690
23,111

37,218
24,426

37,932
25,284

15,113
8,533

14,445
7,026

6,518
(408)

13,272
5,057

12,869
6,199

13,985
6,319

0.27

0.22

(0.01)

0.16

0.20

0.20

12.02
2,638
15.25

11.28
2,782
13.81

14.84
1,961
14.63

12.38
2,555
14.36

12.60
2,461
15.12

11.73
2,694
14.08

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

64

Table 17A. All Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, ARMM, 2009-2010

ITEM

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

9,449
333
2,600
545
2,640
59
699
171
488
30
346
1,072
466

9,445
347
3,245
826
1,462
59
735
217
537
31
370
1,118
498

7,172
113
2,553
222
894
1,284
464
56
126
47
179
217
1,018

8,269
112
3,247
327
1,058
1,296
482
67
138
46
189
234
1,073

8,461
238
2,580
405
1,882
590
597
121
331
37
274
701
706

8,920
244
3,237
575
1,312
596
624
149
364
38
290
743
748

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Irrigation fee
Others b/

12,039
1,088
142
1,490
1,642
7,298
51
210
118

12,417
1,132
144
1,498
1,652
7,594
53
218
126

11,968
2,124
238
1,319
931
7,187

11,919
2,098
241
1,350
952
7,099

170

179

12,006
1,537
184
1,415
1,334
7,250
27
119
140

12,300
1,576
185
1,444
1,361
7,434
29
122
149

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

11,260
106
9
1
4,374
3,987
602
604
979
492
107

12,450
110
13
1
5,192
4,297
607
664
941
511
114

16,921

19,577

13,716
60
5

15,565
61
7

4,734
7,105
1,127
301
605
3,044
5

5,744
8,442
1,289
331
759
3,007
5

4,530
5,340
830
472
817
1,599
63

5,474
6,046
893
519
859
1,639
67

TOTAL COSTS

32,748

34,312

36,060

39,765

34,183

36,785

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

43,929
34,480

44,194
34,749

46,580
39,408

47,671
39,402

45,079
36,618

45,991
37,071

22,441
11,181

22,332
9,882

27,440
10,519

27,483
7,906

24,612
10,896

24,771
9,206

0.34

0.29

0.29

0.20

0.32

0.25

10.46
3,130
14.03

11.34
3,027
14.60

12.57
2,868
16.24

13.38
2,972
16.04

11.33
3,016
14.94

12.25
3,002
15.32

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

65

ARMM IRR

ITEM

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

11,416
353
3,038
749
3,759
72
364
271
822
73
416
1,106
394

10,867
378
3,664
889
2,135
73
384
344
904
78
444
1,154
420

8,754
362
2,895
237
3,521
64
236
220
133
211
201
195
479

10,037
350
3,252
382
4,201
64
248
263
147
204
212
210
504

10,637
355
2,996
599
3,689
69
326
256
620
113
353
840
419

10,594
377
3,497
717
2,764
70
344
315
682
120
374
890
444

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Irrigation fee
Others b/

13,354
894
229
1,509
1,448
8,460
14
513
287

15,154
957
236
2,060
1,975
9,055
15
549
307

14,577
1,076
140
860
897
11,533

14,836
1,041
280
1,114
1,162
11,164

71

75

13,712
947
203
1,319
1,287
9,359
10
363
224

15,374
1,004
255
1,805
1,760
9,916
11
385
238

9,841
227
3,647
3,793
549
362
1,264

11,297
243
4,750
4,039
594
398
1,273

12,392

15,063

4,596
5,657
718
294
1,122
4

5,754
6,866
745
323
1,371
4

10,588
160
3,925
4,338
598
342
1,222
1

12,575
170
5,155
4,930
651
376
1,292
1

TOTAL COSTS

34,611

37,318

35,723

39,936

34,937

38,543

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

44,208
32,792

60,327
49,460

50,369
41,615

65,235
55,198

46,011
35,374

62,950
51,639

19,438
9,596

34,306
23,009

27,038
14,646

40,362
25,299

21,662
11,074

36,265
23,690

0.28

0.62

0.41

0.63

0.32

0.60

10.68
3,241
13.64

9.03
4,132
14.60

11.75
3,039
16.57

9.82
4,067
16.04

10.98
3,182
14.46

9.55
4,109
15.32

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

66

Table 17C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated average production costs and returns, by season, ARMM, 2009-2010

ITEM

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

DRY SEASON
2009 a/
2010P

WET SEASON
2009 a/
2010
(in pesos per hectare)

AVERAGE
2009 a/
2010P

8,087
320
2,297
404
1,865
50
931
101
256
298
1,049
516

8,453
326
2,954
782
996
50
971
129
282
318
1,094
551

6,723
42
2,456
217
148
1,630
528
10
124
173
223
1,171

7,739
42
3,221
310
167
1,646
549
12
136
182
240
1,234

7,401
180
2,377
310
1,002
844
729
55
190
235
634
845

8,092
182
3,095
506
605
852
757
68
209
250
672
896

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Others b/

11,128
1,222
82
1,476
1,777
6,494
77

10,844
1,246
79
1,279
1,540
6,621
79

11,228
2,421
266
1,449
940
5,954

11,052
2,406
230
1,389
901
5,917

198

209

11,176
1,825
174
1,462
1,357
6,223
35
99

10,973
1,839
151
1,333
1,237
6,272
36
105

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

12,243
22
15
2
4,878
4,122
638
771
782
832
181

13,336
23
22
2
5,498
4,476
616
848
809
848
194

18,205

20,892

4,773
7,516
1,243
303
458
3,908
5

5,741
8,889
1,443
333
598
3,883
5

15,239
11
7
1
4,825
5,828
942
535
619
2,378
93

17,038
11
11
1
5,630
6,589
1,011
589
702
2,396
98

TOTAL COSTS

31,458

32,633

36,156

39,683

33,816

36,103

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH
AND NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

43,736
35,649

37,902
29,449

45,505
38,782

43,629
35,890

44,625
37,224

40,690
32,598

24,521
12,278

27,058
13,722

27,554
9,349

32,577
11,685

26,048
10,809

29,717
12,679

0.39

0.42

0.26

0.29

0.32

0.35

10.30
3,053
14.32

12.57
2,596
14.60

12.82
2,820
16.14

14.59
2,720
16.04

11.52
2,936
15.20

13.59
2,656
15.32

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

COST PER KILOGRAM
YIELD PER HECTARE (KG)
FARMGATE PRICE (PESO/KG)

P- Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

67

CORN

Table 18A. ALL CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Philippines, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

12,361
1,545
3,910
415
3,513
107
476
200
367
8
534
775
512

12,459
1,581
3,493
713
3,569
108
486
227
404
8
551
788
531

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Shellers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Others b/

2,009
156
5
172
795
174
599
40
2
65

2,104
160
5
203
831
182
613
41
2
67

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

8,160
113
129
29
2,002
1,883
459
298
1,501
1,700
46

9,102
115
101
208
2,215
2,366
485
328
1,497
1,740
47

TOTAL COSTS

22,530

23,665

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

27,278
14,916

28,506
16,047

12,907
4,748

13,943
4,841

0.21

0.20

9.01
2,501
10.91

9.27
2,552
11.17

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

69

Table 18B. WHITE CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Philippines, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009a/

2010P

(in pesos per hectare)

6,082
92
2,315
163
1,638
82
462
9
134
6
352
510
319

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

6,302
87
2,138
336
1,836
82
447
10
147
6
363
519
331

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Shellers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Others b/

2,111
238
10
231
685
183
666
49
3
48

2,097
226
9
297
658
176
632
46
3
50

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

7,709
39
16
1
2,611
2,385
540
212
673
1,189
43

8,873
37
18
7
3,025
3,084
592
233
704
1,129
44

TOTAL COSTS

15,902

17,272

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

18,547
12,465

17,820
11,518

10,354
2,645

9,421
548

0.17

0.03

9.94
1,600
11.59

10.66
1,620
11.00

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

70

Table 18C. YELLOW CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Philippines, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

20,758
3,488
6,042
753
6,019
140
495
456
679
10
777
1,129
770

21,048
3,737
5,294
1,216
6,115
141
522
517
747
11
801
1,148
799

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Shellers' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Others b/

1,872
47
93
943
162
508
30
88

1,972
51
94
989
170
545
32
91

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Fuel & Oil
Others b/

8,763
212
282
66
1,187
1,212
351
412
2,608
2,383
1
50

9,567
227
216
478
1,206
1,406
357
453
2,618
2,553
1
52

TOTAL COSTS

31,393

32,587

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

38,952
18,194

40,840
19,792

16,322
7,559

17,820
8,253

0.24

0.25

8.47
3,705
10.51

8.98
3,627
11.26

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

71

Table 19. YELLOW CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
CAR, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2010P
2009 a/
(in pesos per hectare)
24,540
24,756
3,726
3,805
7,077
5,252
1,398
2,283
5,823
6,586
121
122
503
522
176
203
1,035
1,139
1,359
1,403
2,127
2,195
1,195
1,246

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/
NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Sheller's share

224
20
2
202

213
21
1
191

7,439
1,374
1,370
1,140
672
2,884

8,244
1,307
1,749
1,580
740
2,868

TOTAL COSTS

32,203

33,213

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

42,577
18,037

40,358
15,602

17,813
10,374

15,389
7,145

0.32

0.22

7.76
4,150
10.26

8.62
3,851
10.48

IMPUTED COSTS
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

72

Table 20A. ALL CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
ILOCOS, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

36,596
6,295
10,418
222
10,017
158
1,374
2,999
808
75
848
2,223
1,158

32,378
6,547
7,338
296
7,860
160
1,431
3,466
889
78
860
2,266
1,187

566
48
499
18

582
44
520
18

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others c/

12,134
1
3
1,619
1,087
382
1,235
4,312
3,460
34

11,703
1
3
1,613
1,164
403
1,358
3,527
3,599
35

TOTAL COSTS

49,295

44,663

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

63,721
27,125

58,048
25,670

26,560
14,426

25,088
13,385

0.29

0.30

9.08
5,431
11.73

9.39
4,758
12.20

NON-CASH COSTS
Sheller's share
Landowner's share
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

73

Table 20B. WHITE CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
ILOCOS, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

26,125
952
5,546
598
7,944
450
777
1,220
1,338
1,701
4,797
802

25,490
1,239
4,650
410
7,138
454
1,011
1,410
1,742
1,725
4,889
822

92
6
86

115
3
112

9,798
19
61
3,565
39
3,708
2,406

10,338
25
59
3,983
43
4,078
2,150

TOTAL COSTS

36,015

35,943

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

38,750
12,625

48,236
22,746

12,533
2,735

22,631
12,293

0.08

0.34

11.50
3,133
12.37

12.00
2,996
16.10

NON-CASH COSTS
Hired labor in kind
Landowner's share
IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Operator labor
Family labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

74

Table 20C. YELLOW CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
ILOCOS, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

37,219
6,613
10,708
200
10,141
141
1,409
3,105
856
797
2,070
1,179

32,433
6,550
7,488
290
7,903
142
1,402
3,588
942
809
2,110
1,209

594
51
524
19

586
48
519
19

IMPUTED COSTS
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others c/

12,273
1,503
1,149
405
1,088
4,426
3,666
36

11,551
1,472
1,230
427
1,197
3,557
3,631
37

TOTAL COSTS

50,086

44,570

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

65,207
27,988

60,622
28,189

27,394
15,122

27,603
16,052

0.30

0.36

9.00
5,568
11.71

8.53
5,226
11.60

NON-CASH COSTS
Sheller's share
Landowner's share
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

75

Table 21A. ALL CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
CAGAYAN VALLEY, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)
21,211
19,942
3,381
3,610
6,470
4,695
730
1,169
6,486
6,111
108
109
150
157
159
181
927
1,020
921
958
1,217
1,248
661
684

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/
NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Others b/

2,924
21
93
1,213
108
1,169
64
255

2,997
23
87
1,200
107
1,248
68
264

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Fuel & Oil
Others b/

9,863
474
824
195
941
895
297
302
2,731
3,139
3
61

10,151
506
561
297
1,026
1,252
264
333
2,494
3,351
4
63

TOTAL COSTS

33,997

33,090

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

39,735
18,525

39,293
19,351

15,601
5,738

16,354
6,203

0.17

0.19

9.08
3,743
10.62

9.55
3,465
11.34

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

76

Table 21B. WHITE CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
CAGAYAN VALLEY, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Pesticides
Land tax
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

12,261
925
152
14
25
638
580
329
268

9,497
601
150
14
29
702
603
337
278

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share

5,301
281
827
97
4,096

3,290
183
397
47
2,663

IMPUTED COSTS
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

9,378
2,215
2,160
43
326
1,665
2,925
45

9,113
2,480
3,082
39
359
1,205
1,901
47

TOTAL COSTS

26,940

21,900

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

38,509
26,248

18,497
9,000

20,947
11,569

5,710
(3,403)

0.43

(0.16)

9.56
2,819
13.66

10.51
2,083
8.88

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

77

Table 21C. YELLOW CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
CAGAYAN VALLEY, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)
21,903
20,817
3,571
3,913
6,657
4,872
755
1,231
6,601
6,260
115
116
162
170
170
193
950
1,044
947
985
1,286
1,318
691
715

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/
NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Others b/

2,740
1
100
1,243
109
942
69
275

2,871
1
93
1,272
111
1,033
76
285

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Fuel & Oil
Others b/

9,900
511
888
210
843
797
317
301
2,813
3,155
3
62

10,252
560
605
320
914
1,110
282
331
2,604
3,457
4
65

TOTAL COSTS

34,543

33,940

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

39,830
17,928

40,772
19,955

15,187
5,287

17,084
6,832

0.15

0.20

9.06
3,814
10.44

9.52
3,564
11.44

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

78

Table 22. YELLOW CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
CENTRAL LUZON, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

28,736
5,271
8,658
15
8,832
132
1,655
1,541
335
89
524
990
694

25,133
5,083
6,991
13
6,821
133
1,606
1,769
369
86
537
1,009
716

234
234

225
225

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land

12,447
75
331
2,136
1,966
302
1,604
3,644
2,389

12,949
73
308
2,605
2,479
391
1,764
3,025
2,304

TOTAL COSTS

41,417

38,307

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

58,791
30,054

61,569
36,436

29,821
17,373

36,211
23,262

0.42

0.61

8.31
4,987
11.79

7.07
5,415
11.37

NON-CASH COSTS
Rentals

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

79

Table 23A. ALL CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
CALABARZON, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Hired labor
Land tax
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

1,934
69
221
1,101
38
139
117
248

2,584
75
212
1,738
39
145
116
259

661
149
4
5
503

730
163
5
12
550

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land

5,490
37
20
2,403
2,217
233
149
223
210

9,821
41
16
4,126
4,517
405
163
324
229

TOTAL COSTS

8,086

13,135

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

9,293
7,359

22,308
19,724

6,698
1,208

18,994
9,173

0.15

0.70

8.75
924
10.06

6.48
2,028
11.00

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Landowner's share

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

80

Table 23B. WHITE CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
CALABARZON, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Fertilizers
Hired labor
Land tax
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

961
101
431
61
38
94
236

1,219
89
689
62
39
93
247

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Landowner's share

695
123
7
8
558

782
136
8
20
618

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land

5,478
60
32
2,508
2,211
167
143
85
272

10,132
66
26
4,502
4,708
248
157
124
301

TOTAL COSTS

7,134

12,133

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

8,320
7,359

20,878
19,659

6,664
1,186

18,877
8,745

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

0.17

0.72

Cost per kilogram (P)

Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)

8.53
837
9.94

6.39
1,898
11.00

P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

81

Table 23C. YELLOW CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
CALABARZON, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Hired labor
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

3,566
185
423
2,225
310
156
267

4,871
199
419
3,496
323
155
279

604
194
410

651
209
442

IMPUTED COSTS
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land

5,511
2,225
2,227
342
158
453
104

9,303
3,496
4,195
667
174
658
113

TOTAL COSTS

9,681

14,825

10,926
7,359

24,795
19,924

6,756
1,245

19,273
9,970

0.13

0.67

9.05
1,069
10.22

6.58
2,252
11.01

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Landowner's share

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO
Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

82

Table 24A. ALL CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
MIMAROPA, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

8,560
2,202
113
4,115
122
14
132
1
588
913
360

9,471
1,600
189
5,460
124
15
145
1
609
954
374

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share

2,770
214
124
1,520
733
179

3,443
191
175
1,969
949
159

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Operator labor
Family labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land

7,421
121
1,578
1,615
269
1,029
2,809

8,259
107
1,945
2,249
296
1,160
2,502

TOTAL COSTS

18,751

21,173

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

25,372
16,812

32,848
23,377

14,042
6,621

19,934
11,675

0.35

0.55

9.25
2,026
12.52

7.19
2,946
11.15

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

83

Table 24B. WHITE CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
MIMAROPA, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Pesticides
Hired labor
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

2,943
167
626
122
1,833
196

3,305
393
666
127
1,916
203

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Operator labor
Family labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital

10,302
243
4,447
5,211
274
127

12,705
211
5,302
6,722
301
169

TOTAL COSTS

13,245

16,010

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

14,348
11,405

18,227
14,922

11,405
1,103

14,922
2,217

0.08

0.14

11.70
1,132
12.68

9.66
1,657
11.00

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

84

Table 24C. YELLOW CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
MIMAROPA, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

8,974
2,365
109
4,373
131
15
141
1
622
845
372

9,928
1,718
174
5,814
133
17
156
1
645
883
387

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share

2,974
230
133
1,633
787
192

4,125
205
188
2,403
1,158
171

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Operator labor
Family labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land

7,208
111
1,366
1,350
269
1,096
3,016

7,939
100
1,697
1,919
296
1,233
2,694

TOTAL COSTS

19,157

21,992

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

26,185
17,211

38,537
28,609

14,237
7,029

24,484
16,545

0.37

0.75

9.16
2,092
12.52

6.38
3,447
11.18

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

85

Table 25A. ALL CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Bicol, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

7,665
240
2,333
167
3,363
138
165
5
48
396
594
216

7,122
236
2,008
133
3,131
140
163
6
53
414
613
225

516
126
4
22
3
329
15
17

510
124
4
22
3
324
15
18

6,212
1,845
2,794
50
290
976
208
47

6,234
1,781
2,952
47
319
881
205
49

TOTAL COSTS

14,393

13,866

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

18,381
10,717

18,905
11,783

10,201
3,989

11,273
5,039

0.28

0.36

8.77
1,640
11.21

8.09
1,714
11.03

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Others b/
IMPUTED COSTS
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

86

Table 25B. WHITE CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Bicol, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

2,387
6
870
12
857
95
81
5
35
374
51

2,144
6
608
7
865
95
82
6
36
386
53

882
192
3
50
621
3
12

889
195
2
47
628
4
13

7,062
2,492
3,322
41
234
279
565
129

7,367
2,535
3,589
41
258
238
572
134

10,331

10,400

8,841
6,455

8,232
6,088

5,573
(1,489)

5,199
(2,168)

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

(0.14)

(0.21)

Cost per kilogram (P)

Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)

11.67
886
9.98

12.76
815
10.10

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Others b/
IMPUTED COSTS
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/
TOTAL COSTS
GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

87

Table 25C. YELLOW CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Bicol, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

10,744
376
3,187
257
4,824
164
213
5
76
607
723
312

10,024
371
2,826
206
4,453
165
210
5
83
634
746
325

303
87
4
5
5
159
22
20

305
86
5
7
7
157
22
21

5,716
1,468
2,486
56
323
1,383

5,583
1,341
2,580
50
355
1,257

TOTAL COSTS

16,763

15,912

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

23,947
13,203

31,876
21,852

12,901
7,185

21,547
15,964

0.43

1.00

8.06
2,081
11.51

5.67
2,806
11.36

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Others b/
IMPUTED COSTS
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

88

Table 26A. ALL CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Western Visayas, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

8,793
1,013
2,171
362
2,066
188
361
512
728
136
216
651
388

9,041
1,104
2,067
589
1,881
190
391
579
801
149
222
669
399

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share

3,652
148
518
1,904
841
242

3,896
161
298
2,202
972
263

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

7,240
449
211
74
1,821
2,517
8
241
898
1,010
12

9,171
490
149
140
2,439
3,667
6
265
903
1,100
12

TOTAL COSTS

19,686

22,108

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

22,755
13,962

26,316
17,275

10,310
3,069

13,379
4,208

0.16

0.19

9.48
2,077
10.96

10.03
2,204
11.94

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

89

Table 26B. WHITE CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Western Visayas, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

3,699
53
1,398
52
1,311
87
322
42
21
243
169

3,855
59
1,415
26
1,419
88
356
47
21
250
174

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share

1,075
168
133
550
8
217

1,353
187
146
767
11
242

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Operator labor
Family labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

5,897
93
1,836
2,419
131
450
945
22

8,507
104
2,805
3,909
144
467
1,056
22

TOTAL COSTS

10,671

13,715

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

11,607
7,908

16,189
12,334

6,833
936

10,981
2,474

0.09

0.18

10.81
987
11.76

11.12
1,233
13.13

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

90

Table 26C. YELLOW CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Western Visayas, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

12,654
1,741
2,756
597
2,639
265
390
900
1,248
240
365
961
554

12,853
1,880
2,461
1,015
2,231
267
419
1,018
1,373
259
374
986
570

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share

5,605
133
809
2,930
1,472
260

5,470
144
413
3,083
1,549
281

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others c/

8,258
719
371
129
1,809
2,591
14
324
1,237
1,058
5

9,679
777
281
246
2,162
3,483
11
357
1,214
1,143
5

TOTAL COSTS

26,517

28,002

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

31,204
18,549

32,833
19,980

12,945
4,686

14,510
4,831

0.18

0.17

9.14
2,902
10.75

9.90
2,828
11.61

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

91

Table 26A. ALL CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Central Visayas, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

4,505
44
2,104
2
1,135
154
104
5
25
192
654
85

4,919
41
1,889
338
1,411
155
105
5
28
198
661
88

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Others b/

2,198
227
57
265
799
24
806
19
1

2,060
209
56
296
717
21
741
19
1

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

5,325
20
34
2,369
1,978
84
181
526
118
15

6,010
18
25
2,654
2,303
97
199
589
109
16

TOTAL COSTS

12,028

12,989

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

12,336
7,832

11,068
6,149

5,634
309

4,089
(1,921)

0.03

(0.15)

14.21
846
14.58

15.73
826
13.40

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

92

Table 26B. WHITE CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Central Visayas, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

4,527
44
2,113
2
1,135
156
106
5
26
192
662
86

4,954
41
1,902
343
1,415
157
107
5
28
198
669
89

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Others b/

2,195
230
58
262
809
20
796
20
1

2,055
211
57
293
724
18
732
19
1

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

5,337
18
34
2,363
1,992
85
182
527
120
15

6,034
17
26
2,657
2,318
98
200
592
110
16

TOTAL COSTS

12,059

13,043

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

12,331
7,805

11,039
6,085

5,610
272

4,030
(2,004)

0.02

(0.15)

14.27
845
14.59

15.87
822
13.43

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

93

Table 26C. YELLOW CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Central Visayas, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Hired labor
Land tax
Food expense
Repairs

2,818
70
1,387
1,113
29
194
26

2,192
47
783
1,107
29
200
26

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Sheller's share
Landowner's share

2,434
18
516
307
1,593

2,090
12
503
493
1,082

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital

4,387
134
2,833
924
16
69
411

4,079
91
2,422
1,155
25
76
310

TOTAL COSTS

9,639

8,361

12,728
9,910

20,433
18,241

7,476
3,089

16,151
12,072

0.32

1.44

10.18
947
13.44

3.74
2,238
9.13

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO
Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey

94

Table 28. WHITE CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Eastern Visayas, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Fuel & Oil
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

1,620
64
243
8
879
18
29
236
78
65

1,612
54
240
17
863
18
31
243
79
67

765
138
91
221
28
288

885
116
69
407
51
242

IMPUTED COSTS
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land

4,033
1,708
1,678
133
82
191
242

4,222
1,603
1,962
176
90
188
203

TOTAL COSTS

6,418

6,719

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

8,522
6,902

15,726
14,114

6,137
2,104

13,229
9,007

0.33

1.34

10.45
614
13.88

4.97
1,351
11.64

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

95

Table 29A. ALL CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Zamboanga Peninsula, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

5,602
82
2,173
156
1,795
95
116
65
275
738
109

5,688
77
1,977
249
1,964
96
117
71
283
742
112

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share
Rentals

1,933
121
20
67
1,032
17
656
20

2,029
114
19
56
1,187
20
615
18

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

5,634
97
1
1,880
2,210
49
148
673
576
1

6,879
91
c/
2,267
3,075
60
162
683
540
1

TOTAL COSTS

13,169

17,295

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

13,617
8,015

15,659
7,628

6,082
448

5,599
(1,636)

0.03

(0.09)

11.80
1,116
12.20

12.62
1,370
11.43

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified
c/Less than P1.00

96

Table 29B. WHITE CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Zamboanga Peninsula, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

5,443
55
2,154
125
1,695
94
124
70
258
761
108

5,444
52
1,946
205
1,802
95
126
77
265
765
111

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share
Rentals: Land

1,926
131
22
68
1,027
19
638
21

1,941
123
20
58
1,098
20
602
20

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

5,674
80
1
1,931
2,297
28
149
645
542
1

6,946
75
c/
2,330
3,187
37
164
641
511
1

TOTAL COSTS

13,042

14,331

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

13,438
7,995

14,368
8,924

6,069
395

6,983
37

0.03

0.003

11.89
1,097
12.25

11.52
1,244
11.55

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

97

Table 29C. YELLOW CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Zamboanga Peninsula, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

7,657
435
2,413
554
3,083
109
6
493
440
123

8,835
404
2,382
811
4,044
110
6
508
442
128

NON-CASH COSTS
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Landowner's share

2,029
48
1,095
886

3,017
34
2,160
823

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land

5,118
318
1,210
1,085
322
133
1,038
1,012

6,037
295
1,445
1,630
357
147
1,223
940

TOTAL COSTS

14,804

17,889

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

15,930
8,273

31,410
22,575

6,243
1,125

19,558
13,521

0.08

0.76

10.80
1,371
11.62

6.15
2,911
10.79

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

98

Table 30A. ALL CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Northern Mindanao, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

10,489
928
4,615
232
2,608
146
138
1
203
2
426
530
660

10,638
904
4,796
311
2,465
148
138
1
223
2
438
531
681

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Others b/

1,974
113
6
44
1,100
267
304
80
59

2,374
110
5
50
1,427
347
296
78
61

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

9,396
67
36
2,226
1,919
949
196
1,341
2,578
83

10,052
65
44
2,320
2,506
949
216
1,356
2,510
86

TOTAL COSTS

21,859

23,064

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

26,086
15,597

33,842
23,204

13,623
4,228

20,830
10,778

0.19

0.47

9.24
2,365
11.03

7.32
3,151
10.74

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

99

Table 30B. WHITE CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Northern Mindanao, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

7,762
93
4,157
54
1,726
144
58
c/
258
3
352
452
465

7,576
79
3,999
56
1,658
146
57
c/
284
2
362
453
480

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Others b/

1,541
144
8
10
532
343
326
103
76

1,390
122
7
11
490
317
278
87
78

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

9,946
51
35
2,492
2,162
1,212
221
965
2,772
36

10,311
44
45
2,652
2,790
1,212
243
927
2,361
37

TOTAL COSTS

19,249

19,277

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

21,891
14,129

20,197
12,621

12,588
2,642

11,231
920

0.14

0.05

10.52
1,831
11.96

9.73
1,982
10.19

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified
c/Less than P1.00

100

Table 30C. YELLOW CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Northern Mindanao, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

20,091
3,869
6,230
860
5,716
154
419
2
6
686
804
1,345

20,340
4,428
5,885
1,213
5,306
155
444
2
7
705
806
1,389

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Landowner's share

3,496
7
163
3,100
226

4,119
8
186
3,666
259

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

7,458
123
37
1,289
1,063
24
109
2,668
1,896
248

8,087
141
30
1,152
1,504
21
120
2,693
2,170
256

TOTAL COSTS

31,045

32,546

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

40,854
20,763

48,312
27,972

17,267
9,809

23,853
15,766

0.32

0.48

7.31
4,246
9.62

7.42
4,388
11.01

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

101

Table 31A. ALL CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Davao Region, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

5,333
335
1,205
469
2,365
72
55
2
37
254
255
284

5,558
332
885
791
2,553
72
55
2
41
265
266
296

830
95
91
514
12
74
27
18

815
94
86
504
12
73
27
19

6,729
47
3
2,458
2,380
90
163
700
874
14

7,743
46
4
2,785
2,987
133
179
730
864
15

TOTAL COSTS

12,891

14,116

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

14,683
9,350

14,401
8,843

8,520
1,792

8,028
285

0.14

0.02

9.68
1,331
11.03

10.69
1,320
10.91

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Others b/
IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

102

Table 31B. WHITE CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Davao Region, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

4,626
95
1,005
411
2,243
72
57
2
2
228
243
270

4,956
95
749
735
2,471
72
58
2
2
238
253
281

757
101
99
416
12
81
29
20

735
101
93
399
11
81
30
20

6,811
48
3
2,487
2,479
98
163
601
918
14

7,906
49
4
2,833
3,111
145
179
648
922
15

TOTAL COSTS

12,194

13,597

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

13,765
9,139

13,207
8,251

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Others b/
IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

103

8,382
1,571

7,516
(390)

0.13

(0.03)

9.78
1,247
11.04

11.41
1,192
11.08

Table 31C. YELLOW CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Davao Region, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

13,232
3,029
3,444
1,123
3,724
72
33
432
539
390
446

12,107
2,789
2,417
1,413
3,474
72
33
476
562
407
464

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share

1,650
31
1,607
12

1,757
28
1,716
13

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Operator labor
Family labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

5,804
31
2,137
1,277
163
1,811
372
12

6,030
29
2,251
1,600
179
1,615
343
13

TOTAL COSTS

20,685

19,894

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

24,941
11,710

26,640
14,533

10,060
4,256

12,776
6,746

0.21

0.34

9.10
2,272
10.98

7.55
2,635
10.11

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

104

Table 32A. ALL CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
SOCCSKSARGEN, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

15,114
2,557
4,327
752
4,813
148
182
15
614
663
504
539

16,010
2,904
4,090
1,042
5,169
149
197
17
675
697
508
562

773
69
4
149
64
318
45
124

864
79
4
168
72
361
51
129

7,321
71
956
1,316
134
153
1,992
2,692
7

8,103
81
1,008
1,514
155
168
2,113
3,056
8

TOTAL COSTS

23,208

24,977

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

26,313
11,199

29,704
13,694

10,426
3,105

12,830
4,727

0.13

0.19

8.79
2,639
9.97

9.52
2,624
11.32

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Others b/
IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

105

Table 32B. WHITE CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
SOCCSKSARGEN, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

8,495
261
2,818
364
2,951
39
127
6
377
621
635
296

9,132
258
2,617
557
3,510
39
129
6
415
653
639
309

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Others b/

1,892
167
9
350
148
745
127
346

1,929
165
11
374
158
735
125
361

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

6,291
88
1,600
2,188
74
196
1,023
1,109
15

7,007
87
1,791
2,597
96
215
1,111
1,095
15

TOTAL COSTS

16,678

18,068

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

19,350
10,855

20,656
11,524

8,964
2,673

9,595
2,588

0.16

0.14

10.27
1,624
11.92

10.30
1,755
11.77

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

106

Table 32C. YELLOW CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
SOCCSKSARGEN, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

18,804
3,837
5,168
968
5,851
208
213
21
746
686
431
674

20,033
4,558
4,911
1,313
6,093
210
245
23
820
722
434
704

150
15
1
37
17
80

175
18
1
42
19
95

7,895
62
597
830
167
129
2,532
3,574
3

8,835
74
572
910
188
142
2,700
4,246
3

TOTAL COSTS

26,848

29,043

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

30,195
11,391

34,521
14,488

11,241
3,347

14,313
5,478

0.12

0.19

8.38
3,206
9.42

9.41
3,085
11.19

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share
IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

107

Table 33A. ALL CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Caraga, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

12,803
2,317
2,875
1,197
4,468
69
73
11
447
1,235
111

11,659
2,578
2,612
1,343
3,151
70
81
12
464
1,232
116

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Others b/

3,888
45
89
2,023
11
1,382
189
64
85

3,730
50
77
1,688
9
1,537
210
70
89

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land

5,629
163
73
15
1,493
1,140
21
689
1,737
296

5,925
181
93
21
1,609
1,364
20
758
1,549
330

TOTAL COSTS

22,321

21,314

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

29,990
17,187

25,026
13,367

13,299
7,670

9,637
3,712

0.34

0.17

7.01
3,185
9.42

8.93
2,388
10.48

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

108

Table 33B. WHITE CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Caraga, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

6,201
97
1,778
487
2,825
65
13
19
474
318
125

5,912
111
1,695
572
2,494
66
14
21
492
318
129

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share
Rentals
Interest payment on crop loan

4,343
65
83
2,142
20
1,659
261
114

4,262
74
33
1,817
17
1,898
298
125

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land

6,065
12
130
27
2,545
1,810
38
145
830
528

6,638
13
159
38
2,730
2,119
36
159
780
604

TOTAL COSTS

16,610

16,812

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

22,221
16,020

18,849
12,937

11,676
5,611

8,675
2,037

0.34

0.12

7.28
2,282
9.74

9.94
1,692
11.14

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

109

Table 33C. YELLOW CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
Caraga, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

21,249
5,158
4,277
2,105
6,570
74
150
412
2,408
94

18,758
5,477
3,797
2,329
3,992
75
160
428
2,402
98

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Landowner's share
Rentals: Land
Others b/

3,306
20
97
1,870
1,027
97
195

3,503
21
133
1,953
1,091
103
202

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Operator labor
Family labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital

5,071
357
147
283
1,387
2,898

4,975
379
175
401
1,525
2,495

TOTAL COSTS

29,626

27,236

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

39,929
18,680

41,698
22,940

15,375
10,304

19,437
14,462

0.35

0.53

6.83
4,340
9.20

6.38
4,268
9.77

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

110

Table 34A. ALL CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
ARMM, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Inorganic fertilizer: Solid
Pesticides
Hired labor
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

6,462
1,989
125
532
2,057
52
150
466
575
515

7,447
2,519
535
631
1,883
65
165
494
609
546

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share

4,299
591
780
1,167
477
1,284

4,418
520
1,149
1,149
470
1,130

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

9,651
2
3,806
2,941
1,106
232
423
1,022
118

11,329
2
4,543
3,547
1,367
255
590
900
125

TOTAL COSTS

20,412

23,194

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

26,918
20,457

26,496
19,049

16,157
6,506

14,631
3,302

0.32

0.14

8.33
2,449
10.99

8.46
2,740
9.67

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

111

Table 34B. WHITE CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
ARMM, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

6,233
1,788
119
580
1,954
4
113
520
634
521

7,124
2,258
488
705
1,767
5
125
551
673
552

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share

4,046
590
848
1,036
405
1,167

4,136
514
1,265
963
376
1,018

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

9,416
3
3,911
2,997
1,055
243
398
690
119

11,266
2
4,710
3,666
1,341
267
552
602
126

TOTAL COSTS

19,695

22,526

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

25,170
18,937

23,378
16,254

14,891
5,475

12,118
852

0.28

0.04

8.38
2,350
10.71

9.00
2,503
9.34

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

112

Table 34C. YELLOW CORN: Updated average production costs and returns,
ARMM, 2009 - 2010
ITEM

2009 a/
2010P
(in pesos per hectare)

CASH COSTS
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Hired labor
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop loan
Food expense
Repairs
Others b/

7,927
3,278
167
222
2,720
361
387
122
194
476

9,399
4,188
837
157
2,507
445
425
129
206
505

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Sheller's share
Landowner's share

5,920
597
347
2,004
941
2,031

5,728
512
405
2,089
981
1,741

IMPUTED COSTS
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental value of owned land
Others b/

11,154
3,134
2,579
1,431
161
587
3,147
115

11,625
3,477
2,785
1,535
178
829
2,699
122

TOTAL COSTS

25,001

26,752

GROSS RETURNS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS
NET RETURNS

38,102
30,175

39,708
30,309

24,255
13,101

24,581
12,956

0.52

0.48

8.11
3,083
12.36

7.14
3,746
10.60

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO

Cost per kilogram (P)
Yield per hectare (kg.)
Farmgate price (peso/kg.)
P - Preliminary
a/ Based on the results of the 2009 Costs and Returns Survey
b/ All other costs items not elsewhere classified

113

Department of Agriculture
BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS
1184 Ben-Lor Building, Quezon Avenue, Quezon City
Tel. No.: +63(2) 372-3820 / Fax. No.: +63(2) 371-2048
info@bas.gov.ph
URL: http://bas.gov.ph