LM50 SOT-23 Single-Supply Centigrade Temperature Sensor

July 1999

LM50 SOT-23 Single-Supply Centigrade Temperature Sensor

General Description
The LM50 is a precision integrated-circuit temperature sensor that can sense a 40C to +125C temperature range using a single positive supply. The LM50s output voltage is linearly proportional to Celsius (Centigrade) temperature (+10 mV/C) and has a DC offset of +500 mV. The offset allows reading negative temperatures without the need for a negative supply. The ideal output voltage of the LM50 ranges from +100 mV to +1.75V for a 40C to +125C temperature range. The LM50 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide accuracies of 3C at room temperature and 4C over the full 40C to +125C temperature range. Trimming and calibration of the LM50 at the wafer level assure low cost and high accuracy. The LM50s linear output, +500 mV offset, and factory calibration simplify circuitry required in a single supply environment where reading negative temperatures is required. Because the LM50s quiescent current is less than 130 A, self-heating is limited to a very low 0.2C in still air.

Applications
n n n n n n n n n Computers Disk Drives Battery Management Automotive FAX Machines Printers Portable Medical Instruments HVAC Power Supply Modules

Features
n n n n n n n n n n Calibrated directly in degree Celsius (Centigrade) Linear + 10.0 mV/C scale factor 2C accuracy guaranteed at +25C Specified for full 40 to +125C range Suitable for remote applications Low cost due to wafer-level trimming Operates from 4.5V to 10V Less than 130 A current drain Low self-heating, less than 0.2C in still air Nonlinearity less than 0.8C over temp

Connection Diagram
SOT-23 Order Number LM50BIM3 LM50CIM3
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SOT-23 Device Marking T5B T5C T5B T5C

Supplied As 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3000 Units on Tape and Reel 3000 Units on Tape and Reel

LM50BIM3X LM50CIM3X

Top View See NS Package Number MA03B

Typical Application

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FIGURE 1. Full-Range Centigrade Temperature Sensor (40C to +125C)

1999 National Semiconductor Corporation

DS012030

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Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)

Supply Voltage Output Voltage Output Current Storage Temperature Lead Temperature: SOT Package (Note 2): Vapor Phase (60 seconds) Infrared (15 seconds) TJMAX, Maximum Junction Temperature +12V to 0.2V (+VS + 0.6V) to 1.0V 10 mA 65C to +150C

ESD Susceptibility (Note 3): Human Body Model Machine Model

2000V 250V

Operating Ratings (Note 1)

Specified Temperature Range: LM50C LM50B Operating Temperature Range JA (Note 4) Supply Voltage Range (+VS) TMIN to TMAX 40C to +125C 25C to +100C 40C to +150C 450C/W +4.5V to +10V

215C 220C 150C

Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise noted, these specifications apply for VS = +5 VDC and ILOAD = +0.5 A, in the circuit of Figure 1. Boldface limits apply for the specified TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ = +25C, unless otherwise noted. Parameter Conditions Typical Accuracy (Note 6) Nonlinearity (Note 7) Sensor Gain (Average Slope) Output Resistance Line Regulation (Note 8) Quiescent Current (Note 9) Change of Quiescent Current (Note 9) Temperature Coefficient of Quiescent Current Long Term Stability (Note 10) TJ = 125C, for 1000 hours
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications do not apply when operating the device beyond its rated operating conditions. Note 2: See AN-450 Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on Product Reliability or the section titled Surface Mount found in a current National Semiconductor Linear Data Book for other methods of soldering surface mount devices. Note 3: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 k resistor. Machine model, 200 pF discharged directly into each pin. Note 4: Thermal resistance of the SOT-23 package is specified without a heat sink, junction to ambient. Note 5: Limits are guaranteed to Nationals AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level). Note 6: Accuracy is defined as the error between the output voltage and 10mv/C times the devices case temperature plus 500 mV, at specified conditions of voltage, current, and temperature (expressed in C). Note 7: Nonlinearity is defined as the deviation of the output-voltage-versus-temperature curve from the best-fit straight line, over the devices rated temperature range. Note 8: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulse testing with a low duty cycle. Changes in output due to heating effects can be computed by multiplying the internal dissipation by the thermal resistance. Note 9: Quiescent current is defined in the circuit of Figure 1 . Note 10: For best long-term stability, any precision circuit will give best results if the unit is aged at a warm temperature, and/or temperature cycled for at least 46 hours before long-term life test begins. This is especially true when a small (Surface-Mount) part is wave-soldered; allow time for stress relaxation to occur. The majority of the drift will occur in the first 1000 hours at elevated temperatures. The drift after 1000 hours will not continue at the first 1000 hour rate.

LM50B Limit (Note 5)

LM50C Typical Limit (Note 5)

Units (Limit)

TA = +25C TA = TMAX TA = TMIN

2.0 3.0
+3.0, 3.5

0.8
+9.7 +10.3 2000 +4.5V VS +10V +4.5V VS +10V +4.5V VS +10V +1.0 4000 2000

3.0 4.0 4.0 0.8

+9.7 +10.3 4000

C (max) C (max) C (max) C (max) mV/C (min) mV/C (max) (max) mV/V (max) mV/V (max) A (max) A (max) A (max) A/C C

0.8 1.2
130 180 2.0 +2.0

0.8 1.2
130 180 2.0

0.08

0.08

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Typical Performance Characteristics

circuit board as shown in Figure 2. Thermal Resistance Junction to Air

To generate these curves the LM50 was mounted to a printed

Thermal Time Constant

Thermal Response in Still Air with Heat Sink (Figure 2)

DS012030-22 DS012030-21 DS012030-23

Thermal Response in Stirred Oil Bath with Heat Sink

Start-Up Voltage vs Temperature

Thermal Response in Still Air without a Heat Sink

DS012030-25 DS012030-24

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Quiescent Current vs Temperature (Figure 1)

Accuracy vs Temperature

Noise Voltage

DS012030-28 DS012030-27

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Typical Performance Characteristics

circuit board as shown in Figure 2. (Continued) Supply Voltage vs Supply Current

To generate these curves the LM50 was mounted to a printed

Start-Up Response

DS012030-31

DS012030-30

as Humiseal and epoxy paints or dips are often used to ensure that moisture cannot corrode the LM50 or its connections. Temperature Rise of LM50 Due to Self-Heating (Thermal Resistance, JA) SOT-23 no heat sink* Still air Moving air 450C/W SOT-23 small heat fin** 260C/W 180C/W

* Part soldered to 30 gauge wire. ** Heat sink used is 12" square printed circuit board with 2 oz. foil with part at-

tached as shown in Figure 2.

DS012030-19

FIGURE 2. Printed Circuit Board Used for Heat Sink to Generate All Curves. 12" Square Printed Circuit Board with 2 oz. Foil or Similar

2.0 Capacitive Loads

1.0 Mounting
The LM50 can be applied easily in the same way as other integrated-circuit temperature sensors. It can be glued or cemented to a surface and its temperature will be within about 0.2C of the surface temperature. This presumes that the ambient air temperature is almost the same as the surface temperature; if the air temperature were much higher or lower than the surface temperature, the actual temperature of the LM50 die would be at an intermediate temperature between the surface temperature and the air temperature. To ensure good thermal conductivity the backside of the LM50 die is directly attached to the GND pin. The lands and traces to the LM50 will, of course, be part of the printed circuit board, which is the object whose temperature is being measured. These printed circuit board lands and traces will not cause the LM50s temperature to deviate from the desired temperature. Alternatively, the LM50 can be mounted inside a sealed-end metal tube, and can then be dipped into a bath or screwed into a threaded hole in a tank. As with any IC, the LM50 and accompanying wiring and circuits must be kept insulated and dry, to avoid leakage and corrosion. This is especially true if the circuit may operate at cold temperatures where condensation can occur. Printed-circuit coatings and varnishes such
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FIGURE 3. LM50 No Decoupling Required for Capacitive Load

DS012030-8

FIGURE 4. LM50C with Filter for Noisy Environment The LM50 handles capacitive loading very well. Without any special precautions, the LM50 can drive any capacitive load. The LM50 has a nominal 2 k output impedance (as can be seen in the block diagram). The temperature coefficient of the output resistors is around 1300 ppm/C. Taking into account this temperature coefficient and the initial tolerance of the resistors the output impedance of the LM50 will not exceed 4 k. In an extremely noisy environment it may be necessary to add some filtering to minimize noise pickup. It is recommended that 0.1 F be added from VIN to GND to by-

2.0 Capacitive Loads

(Continued)

pass the power supply voltage, as shown in Figure 4. In a noisy environment it may be necessary to add a capacitor from the output to ground. A 1 F output capacitor with the 4 k output impedance will form a 40 Hz lowpass filter. Since

the thermal time constant of the LM50 is much slower than the 25 ms time constant formed by the RC, the overall response time of the LM50 will not be significantly affected. For much larger capacitors this additional time lag will increase the overall response time of the LM50.

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*R2 2k with a typical 1300 ppm/C drift.

FIGURE 5. Block Diagram

3.0 Typical Applications

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FIGURE 6. Centigrade Thermostat/Fan Controller

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FIGURE 7. Temperature To Digital Converter (Serial Output) (+125C Full Scale)

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3.0 Typical Applications

(Continued)

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FIGURE 8. Temperature To Digital Converter (Parallel TRI-STATE Outputs for Standard Data Bus to P Interface) (125C Full Scale)

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FIGURE 9. LM50 With Voltage-To-Frequency Converter And Isolated Output (40C to +125C; 100 Hz to 1750 Hz)

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LM50 SOT-23 Single-Supply Centigrade Temperature Sensor

Physical Dimensions

inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted

SOT-23 Molded Small Outline Transistor Package (M3) Order Number LM50BIM3, or LM50CIM3 NS Package Number MA03B

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