UNIT 3

S
TU

T D E N B OO
K

LESSO N

Numbers to Thousandths and Beyond

At Ho
me

At Sc

Quick Review
You can use a place-value chart to show decimals.
Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths 2 4

hoo

TenHundredMillionths Thousandths Thousandths 9

20

0.3

0.00

0.004

0.0009

We read this number as: twenty-four and three thousand forty-nine ten-thousandths We can write this number in: standard form: 24.3049 expanded form: 2 tens + 4 ones + 3 tenths + 0 hundredths + 4 thousandths + 9 ten-thousandths = 20 + 4 + 0.3 + 0.004 + 0.0009

Try These
1. Use the place-value chart to show each number. a) 5.3678 b) 0.002 54 c) 27.631 d) 0.000 004

Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths a) b) c) d)

TenHundredMillionths Thousandths Thousandths

2. Write 0.003 21 in words.

32

Practice
1. Write each number in expanded form. a) 1.3062

b) 32.459 62

c) 0.000 72 2. Write each number in standard form. a) 2 and 32 ten-thousandths b) 17 millionths c) 4 hundred-thousandths 3. Write a number with a 7 in: a) the hundred-thousandths position b) the millionths position c) the thousandths position 4. Write each number in words. a) 0.562 37

b) 3.146 626

Stretch Your Thinking

Use the digits 0, 2, 3, 5, and 6. Make a number that is greater than 1 but less than 4. Find as many numbers as you can.

33

UNIT 3
S
TU

T D E N B OO
K

LESSO N

Estimating Products and Quotients

At Ho
me

At Sc

Quick Review

hoo

Here are 2 strategies you can use to estimate 5.81 7. Front-end estimation Decimal benchmarks Write 5.81 as 5. Since 5.81 is closer to 6 than to 5, Multiply: 5 7 = 35 write 5.81 as 6. Multiply: 6 7 = 42 This is an underestimate because 5 is less than 5.81. This is an overestimate because 6 is greater than 5.81.

Here are 2 strategies you can use to estimate 284.76 5. Front-end estimation Compatible numbers Write 284.76 as 200. Since 284.76 is close to 300, Divide: 200 5 = 40 divide: 300 5 = 60 This is an underestimate because 200 is less than 284.76. This is an overestimate because 300 is greater than 284.76.

Try These
1. Estimate each product. Show your work. a) 5.23 7 c) 9.96 4 a) 15.9 8 c) 42.035 6 b) 25.783 4 d) 6.7 7 b) 18.12 2 d) 159.4 8

2. Estimate each quotient. Show your work.

3. Estimate the area of a 3.68-cm-by-8-cm rectangle. 4. Estimate the side length of a square with perimeter: a) 24.8 m
34

b) 29.0 m

Practice
1. Estimate each product or quotient. a) 5.76 5 d) 15.4 3 b) 29.945 3 e) 31.95 8 c) 16.04 9 f) 158.02 2

2. Tell if each estimate in question 1 is an overestimate or an underestimate. a) d) b) e) c) f)

3. A joggers heart pumps about 14.25 L of blood per minute. Estimate the volume of blood pumped in 8 min. 4. Calvin sponsored Magda $4.75 for every kilometre she ran. Magda ran 9 km. About how much did Calvin pay Magda? 5. Six friends equally shared the cost of a $23.59 pizza. About how much did each person pay? 6. The table shows the masses of some Canadian coins. Estimate the combined mass of: a) 8 pennies c) 7 dimes b) 9 nickels Coin Mass (g) Penny 2.35 Nickel 3.95 Dime 1.75

Stretch Your Thinking

Estimate the perimeter of each regular polygon. a) b) c)

6.37 m

4.587 cm

7.8 m
35

UNIT 3
S
TU

T D E N B OO
K

LESSO N

Multiplying Decimals by a Whole Number

At Ho
me

At Sc

Quick Review
You can use what you know about multiplying whole numbers to multiply a decimal by a whole number. Multiply: 2.936 4 First estimate. Since 2.936 is closer to 3 than to 2, write 2.936 as 3. Multiply: 3 4 = 12 So, 2.936 4 is about 12. Record the numbers without the 2936 decimal point. 4 Multiply as you would with 24 whole numbers. 120 Use the estimate to place the 3600 decimal point in the product. 8000 11.744 is close to 12, so 11.744 2.936 4 is 11.744.

hoo

Try These
Multiply. 1. a) 5.18 5 b) 1.734 8 c) 0.143 4 d) 9.431 2

36

Practice
1. Use paper and pencil to find each product. Record the products on the lines. Then use the letters next to the products to solve this riddle. Why did the jellybean go to school? 0.396 5 0.148 5 0.176 4 2.534 2 1.935 4 0.132 2 3.005 3 0.524 6 (S) (O) (B) (D) (M) (E) (I) (H) 1.637 3 1.004 7 8.145 6 0.941 9 2.123 4 4.113 2 1.254 3 (A) (T) (C) (W) (N) (R) (U)

0.704 0.264 48.87 4.911 3.762 1.98 0.264

1.98 3.144 0.264

8.469 4.911 8.492 7.028 0.264 5.068

7.028 0.74

0.704 0.264

4.911

1.98

7.74

4.911 8.226 7.028 9.015 0.264

Stretch Your Thinking

What whole number would you multiply 6.374 by to get the product 25.496?

37

UNIT 3
S
TU

T D E N B OO
K

LESSO N

Multiplying a Decimal Less than 1 by a Whole Number

At Ho
me

At Sc

Quick Review
When you multiply a decimal less than 1 by a whole number, the product is less than the whole number. 295 To multiply 0.0295 by 7, multiply the 7 whole numbers: 295 7 35 630 Estimate to place the decimal point: 1400 0.0295 is close to 0.03, or 3 hundredths. 2065 3 hundredths multiplied by 7 is 21 hundredths. 21 hundredths are close to 20 hundredths, or 2 tenths. Place the decimal point so the product is close to 2 tenths: 0.2065 So, 0.0295 7 = 0.2065

hoo

Try These
1. Multiply. a) 0.7 5 = a) 0.467 8 b) 0.25 3 = b) 0.086 9 c) 0.12 5 = c) 0.7634 7

2. Multiply as you would whole numbers. Estimate to place the decimal point.

3. Multiply. a) 0.7 4 0.07 4 0.007 4

38

b) 0.35 6 0.035 6 0.0035 6

Practice
Play this game with a partner. You will need 2 colours of counters, paper, and pencils. Take turns to choose one number from each column in the Number Box. Multiply the numbers. Cover the product on the game board with a counter. The first player to cover 5 products in a row, column, or diagonal wins. Number Box 2 0.032 3 0.148 4 0.675 5 0.009 6 0.253

0.192 0.592 3.375 0.16 0.888

0.506 2.025 0.064 0.74 1.265

1.012 0.296 4.05 0.018 0.054

0.027 2.7 0.444 0.759 0.096

0.128 0.036 1.35 0.045 1.518

Stretch Your Thinking

The product of a single-digit whole number and a decimal less than 1 is 0.24. Find the factors. Give as many answers as you can.
39

UNIT 3
S
TU

T D E N B OO
K

LESSO N

Dividing Decimals by a Whole Number

At Ho
me

At Sc

Quick Review

hoo

Here is one way to divide a decimal by a whole number. 3 9 6 9 Divide: 7.938 2 2) 7 9 3 8 Record the numbers without the decimal point. Divide as you would with whole numbers. 6 Estimate to place the decimal point. 1 9 7.938 is close to 8. 1 8 8 2 is 4. 1 3 The answer must be a little less than 4. 1 2 So, 7.938 2 = 3.969 1 8 Check by multiplying: 1 8 3.969 2 = 7.938 0 So, the answer is correct.

Try These
1. Divide. a) 0.924 3 b) 5.138 2 c) 3.045 5 d) 7.896 4

40

Practice
1. Divide. a) 5.335 5 b) 6.148 4 c) 0.315 7 d) 4.738 2

2. Multiply to check each answer in question 1.

3. Renee paid $12.96 for 6 bags of chips. How much did each bag cost? 4. Asmaa paid $9.96 for 3 pairs of socks. Jagdeep paid $14.75 for 5 pairs of socks. Which person got the better deal? Explain.

Stretch Your Thinking

What whole number would you divide 2.049 by to get the quotient 0.683?

41

UNIT 3
S
TU

T D E N B OO
K

LESSO N

Dividing Decimals
At Ho
me

At Sc

Quick Review
Divide: 9.784 5 Estimate first: Write 9.784 as 10. 10 5 = 2 So, 9.784 5 is a little less than 2. Divide. 1.9 5 6 8 Use short division. 5 94. 72 83 44 0 )

hoo

Sometimes you need to write zeros in the dividend so you can continue to divide until the remainder is 0.

Write the quotient to the nearest thousandth: 9.784 5 is about 1.957. Divide: 18.4 3 Divide as whole numbers. Use short division. Write zeros in the dividend. Sometimes you never 6 1 3 3 3 get a remainder of zero. 3) 1 8 41 01 01 01 Estimate to place the decimal point. 18.4 is close to 18. 18 3 is 6. So, 18.4 3 = 6.1333 . . . The dots indicate that the decimal places go on forever.

Try These
1. Divide until the remainder is zero. a) 4) 6 . 3 7 4 2) 2 9 . 7 7 b) 2) 4 9 . 6 7 5) 4 . 5 7 3 c) 5) 0 . 4 7 3 8) 0 . 1 2 4

d)

e)

f)

42

Practice
1. Divide until the remainder is zero. a) b) 6) 4 . 2 7 5 8) 4 5 d) 2) 0 . 0 0 7 e) 2) 0 . 5 c)

5) 2 3 4 4) 2 7

f)

2. Divide. a) 3) 7 . 3 7

b)

9) 8 . 4

c)

3) 2 . 1 4

3. Four students buy a box of popsicles for $4.29 and a bag of pretzels for $3.97. How much should each person contribute to the total cost?

4. Nataliya jogged 1.367 km in 6 min. About how far did she jog each minute? Give your answer in as many different units as you can.

5. Twelve friends shared 8 small pizzas equally. How many pizzas did each person get?

Stretch Your Thinking

Write a story problem you can solve by dividing 11 by 7.

43

UNIT 3
S
TU

T D E N B OO
K

LESSO N

Dividing a Decimal Less than 1 by a Whole Number

At Ho
me

At Sc

Quick Review
Divide: 0.086 5 Estimate. Calculate. 0.086 is close to 0.085. 0. 0 1 0.085 is 85 thousandths. 5) 0 . 0 8 Eighty-five thousandths divided 5 by 5 is 17 thousandths. 3 So, 0.086 5 is about 0.017. 3 7 2 6 0

hoo

6 5 1 0 1 0 0

So, 0.086 5 = 0.0172 Since 0.0172 is close to the estimate, 0.017, the answer is reasonable.

Try These
1. Divide. a) 2) 0 . 0 3 7 0 b) 4) 0 . 3 6 c) 5) 0 . 0 0 7 4 0 d) 3) 0 . 3 6 9

44

Practice
1. Use paper and pencil to find each quotient. Record the quotients on the lines. Then use the letters next to the quotients to solve this riddle. Why did the bottle insist on being at the front of the shelf? 0.072 8 = 0.0024 4 = 0.375 5 = 0.054 9 = 0.015 6 = 0.039 6 = 0.0016 4 = (I) (W) (T) (S) (L) (O) (A) 0.056 7 = 0.198 9 = 0.128 8 = 0.04 8 = 0.049 7 = 0.108 3 = 0.169 2 = (U) (N) (E) (R) (C) (B) (F)

0.036 0.016 0.007 0.0004 0.008 0.006 0.016

0.009 0.075

0.0006 0.0004 0.006

,
0.0004 0.0025 0.009 0.075 0.005 0.016 0.022 0.0065 0.075

0.0004

0.0845 0.0065 0.0025 0.0025 0.0065 0.0006 0.016 0.005

Stretch Your Thinking

What whole number would you divide 0.0764 by to get the quotient 0.01528?

45