Ks3-KS4 Levels 7-8 Maths

Exercises in KS3
Mathematics
Levels 7 - 8
R Joinson

5 Northway Chester CH4 8BB

Exercises in KS3 Mathematics - Levels 7 and 8

First Published 2001
Copyright R Joinson and
This package of worksheets is sold subject to the condition
that it is photocopied for educational purposes only on
the premises of the purchaser

ISBN 0 9531626 7 2
Sumbooks
Sumbooks

Preface

The questions have been arranged, as far as possible, according to level 7 and level 8
of the National Curriculum. All level 7 questions are in the front of the book and all level
8 questions in the back. Pages are labelled L.7 or L.8 accordingly. There may be some
overlap of the levels where I have found it unavoidable in order to keep the questions
sensible.
I would like to thank my wife Jenny and my daughters Abigail and Hannah for all the
help and encouragement they have given me.
R Joinson September 2001
Chester

.

Contents

Estimating 7
Powers of Numbers 8
Multiplying and Dividing 9
Percentage Change 10
Fractions 11
Ratio 1 12
Ratio 2 13
Odd and Even Solutions 14
Simplifying 1 15
Simplifying 2 16
Multiplying Brackets Together 17
Factorising 18
Solving Simple Equations 19
Sequences 20
Trial and Improvement 21
Graphs 22
Simultaneous Equations with Graphs 23
Simultaneous Equations 24
Solving Simultaneous Equations 25
Inequalities 26
Pythagoras Theorem 27
Areas of Right Angled Triangles 28
Areas of Plane Shapes 29
Volumes of Prisms 30
Enlargement and Similarity 31
Routes 32
Trees 33
Rounding Off 34
Imprecision of Measurement 35
Compound Measure 36
Currency 37
Coach Journey 38
Train Journey 39
Road Race 40
Mean 41
Mean and Range 42
Sweets 43
Flower Seeds 44
Measuring Scatter 45
Relative Frequency 46
Probability 47
Powers 48
Standard Form 1 49
Standard Form 2 50
Questions in Standard Form 51
Repeated Proportional Change 52
Calculating the Original Amount 53

Proportion 54
Letters and % 55
Substitution 56
How Many Solutions? 57
Formulae 58
Simultaneous Equation Problems 59
Equations from Experimental Data 60
Solving Equations 61
Factorising Expressions 62
Triangular Numbers 63
Graph of

y

=

x

2

64
Inequality Questions 65
Areas Bounded by Curves 66
Pythagoras etc 67
Area 68
Areas and Perimeters 69
Volume 70
Congruent Triangles 71
Similar Triangles 72
Angles 73
Sine, Cosine and Tangent Ratios 74
Bearings 75
Calculating Lengths in Triangles 76
More Similarity 77
The Cricket Scores 78
Cumulative Frequency 1 79
Probability 1 82
Probability 2 83

2001

Key Stage 3 Sumbooks

7

Estimating

Do not use a Calculator
L.7
1) Estimate each of the following.
a) 3.85

4.32 b) 8.29

1.67 c) 3.74

2.63 d) 7.13

2.71
e) 8.35 4.2 f) 9.32 3.02 g) 10.54 3.5 h) 7.34 2.4
i) 5.23

0.12 j) 6.83

0.53 k) 5.92

0.29 l) 8.24

0.73
m) 4.25 0.21 n) 7.23 0.56 o) 9.45 0.45 p) 6.93 0.5
q) 23.4

2.91 r) 33.5

2.74 s) 73.4

5.34 t) 86

1.95
u) 82 4.97 v) 63.8 3.1 w) 73.2 7.2 x) 93.4 7.35
2) Estimate the sizes of the following.
3) In each of the following write down the number you consider to be the best estimate.
a) 34.6 3.74 Estimates 6 7 8 9 10 11
b) 12.7 0.54 Estimates 16 18 20 22 24 26
c) 4.42

0.28 Estimates 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
d) 73.6

0.0072 Estimates 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
e) 285 0.57 Estimates 0.05 0.5 5 50 500 5,000
f) 23

0.032 Estimates 0.07 0.07 0.7 7 70 700
g) 213

0.21 Estimates 0.4 4 40 400 4000 40,000
h) 3.21 0.24 Estimates 0.15 1.5 15 150 1500 15,000
i) 92.5 0.45 Estimates 0.02 0.2 2 20 200 2000
j) 156 0.34 Estimates 0.05 0.5 5 50 500 5000
k) 364

0.63 Estimates 2,400 240 24 2.4 0.24 0.024
3.74 + 2.75
5.35 + 0.54
18.53 + 6.94
5.43 + 6.17
19.85 + 24.54
1.75 + 6.94
15.23 8.24
1.43 + 6.17
13.27 3.84
7.43 3.67
23.67 + 12.32
12.05 5.43
5.91 5.12
3.16
12.3 7.12
9.43
8.43 6.4
8.32
17 3.53
7.61
25 1.95
5.26
49.5 5.23
3.85
7.8 2.93
1.74 3.42
5.73 4.31
2.64 1.78
5.63 8.43
3.84 2.74
12.2 4.73
6.12 2.74
7.38 4.47
6.73 2.17
18.49 4.29
8.73 1.92
a)
b) c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
o)
p) q) r)

2001


8

Powers of Numbers

Do not use a calculator.
L.7
1) Rearrange the following into order of size, smallest first.
2) Which of the following are not square numbers?
3) Which of the following are equal to 2

6

?
4) If 3

10

= 59049, write down the values of these.
5) If 4

10

= 1048576, complete each of the following.
262144 = 4

?

262144 = 2

?

4194304 = 4

?

1048576 2 = 2

?

6) Which of the following are true?
a) 2

20

= 4

10

b) 4

10

= 8

5

c) 4

10

= 6

5

d) 4

10

= 1

40

e) 5

2

20

= (5

2)

20

f) 3

10

= 9

5

g) 4

3

= 3

4

h) 2

4

= 4

2
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
4
2
5
3
3
5
4
6
4
3
7
2
5
1
5
4
8
2
2
5
4
7
6
5
4
4
9
4
2
9
3
8
9
3
6
6
7
1
4
9
5
7
3
7
5
2
8
6
6
2
2
8
8
2
4
3
3
4
6
3
3
9
9
4
9
5
9
6
3
11
81
3
3
8
3
12
2001 Key Stage 3 Sumbooks
9
Multiplying and Dividing
Do not use a Calculator
L.7
1) In each of these calculations the answer is 5. Write down the missing numbers.
2) Look at these number cards.
a) Which two cards give the lowest answer when multiplied together?
b) Which two cards give an answer of 10 when divided?
c) Which two cards give the smallest possible answer when divided?
d) Which two cards give the greatest answer when multiplied together?
e) Which two cards give the greatest answer when divided?
f) Write down a second way in which 10 can be obtained by dividing.
g) How can 2, 0.05 and 10 be put together to get an answer of 19.95?
h) How can 0.4, 0.01 and 0.2 be put together to get an answer of 200?
i) How can 0.01, 10 and 4 be put together to get an answer of 0.025?
3) Complete each of the following.
a) .... 0.01 = 100 b) .... 0.01 = 100
c) 0.02 ... = 100 d) 0.6 ... = 100
e) .... 3 = 0.18 f) .... 2 = 0.45
g) 2 ... = 0.01 h) 0.5 ... = 10
i) .... 0.25 = 100 j) .... 0.35 = 3
k) 2.2 ... = 110 l) 0.56 ... = 200
m) .... 0.05 = 700 n) .... 2.5 = 0.4
o) 0.004 ... = 50 p) 7.5 ... = 250
q) .... 22 = 5.5 r) .... 1.25 = 0.8
= 5
2 2.5
0.5 ...
0.2 ...
50 ...
0.5 ...
50 ...
... 20
... 0.5
... 0.005
... 0.001
... 100
2 0.2
4
0.4 10 0.01 0.05
10
Percentage Change
Round off your answer sensibly wherever necessary.
L.7
1) The population of a town during the second half of the 20th century is shown in the
table below.
a) What was the rise in population between 1950 and 2000?
b) What was the percentage rise in population between 1950 and 2000?
c) There was a fall in the population between 1970 and 1980. What was this
percentage fall?
d) It is expected that the population will fall by 12% between 2000 and 2010. What is
the expected population for 2010?
2) In the general elections of 1997 and 2001, the percentage of the voters who
supported the three main parties are shown in the table below.
a) Why does the total percentage of votes cast in 1997 not equal 100?
b) In 1997 the total number of votes cast was 31,160,128. How many people voted
for each of the three main parties in 1997?
c) What was the percentage increase in the Liberal Democrats share of the vote in
2001 compared with 1997?
3) In 1999 a company made a profit of 103,345. In 2000 its profit was 124,678.
a) What was its increase in profit?
b) What was its percentage increase in profit?
In the first half of 2001 it made a profit of 47,450. It was expected to make the
same profit in the second half of the year.
c) What was the expected profit for 2001?
d) What was the expected percentage decrease in profit for 2001 compared with
2000?
Year Population
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
15,430
18,218
27,045
26,453
28,564
35,843
1997 2001
Labour
Conservative
Liberal Democrat
Other Parties
Party
42.08%
32.79%
18.85%
6.27%
42.88%
30.91%
16.92%
8.99%
11
Fractions
L.7
1) A tank contains 10,000 litres of water when full. It begins to leak. After the first day
half of the water is lost. After the second day half of the remainder is lost. After the
third day half of the remainder from the second day is lost. This continues, losing
half of the remainder from the previous day.
At the end of 5 days the leak is discovered.
a) What fraction of the water has been lost?
b) What fraction of the water remains?
c) How much water has to be put back into the tank in order to fill it up?

2) A cake is cut up into a number of equal pieces. Alan, Bethan, Clive and Deborah
take pieces of the cake.
Alan has of the cake. Bethan has of the cake. Clive has of the cake. Deborah
now takes one third of the remainder. This leaves two pieces. How many pieces
was the cake cut into?
3) Afram travels by car to Italy. On the first day he travels 350 miles. On the second
day he travels 250 miles and on the third day he travels 280 miles. If he now has
of his journey left to do, what is the total length of his journey?
4) The list below shows how Marie spends her weekly wages.
a) What fraction of her weekly wages is spent on other?
b) If Marie spends 20 on transport, what is her total weekly wage?

5) Biscuits occupy th of the volume of their packet. The remaining is unused. It is
decided to re-design the packet so that the amount of unused space is reduced by
40%. What fraction of the packet will the biscuits now take up?
1
3
---
1
4
---
1
6
---
4
15
------
2
7
5
28
1
28
1
14
1
7
1
14
Rent
Shopping
Clothes
Energy (Electricity etc)
Transport
Luxuries and Entertainment
Other
Proportion of wages
7
8
---
1
8
---
12
Ratio 1
L.7
1) The table below shows some information about the 6th form students of a school.
a) How many pupils are there in the 6th form?
b) What is the ratio of those who can speak French to those who cant?
1 : ....
2) The scale on a map is 1 : 25,000.
This indicates that an actual distance of 25,000 centimetres (250 metres) is
represented by 1 centimetre on the map.
a) What distance on the map will represent an actual distance of 1 kilometre?
b) A road measures 5.6cm on the map. What is its actual length?
c) Gwyn walks a distance of 8.7km along the side of the canal. Approximately
how long is this on the map?
3) Below are shown the areas of the parts of the British Isles. (The Isle of Man and the
Channel Islands have been left out)
Complete this ratio for the four countries which shows their relative sizes.
Wales : Ireland : Scotland : England
1 : .... : .... : ....
4) Four cubes, each of exactly the same size (congruent), are made from four different
metals. The ratio of their masses is shown below.
Aluminium : Titanium : Copper : Lead
1 : 1.67 : 3.31 : 4.2
a) If the aluminium cube has a mass of 0.7kg, what are the masses of the other
cubes?
b) Another bigger shape is made. Again exactly the same size for each of the
materials.
If the titanium shape has a mass of 4.5kg, what is the mass of the copper shape?
Can speak French Cant speak French
Boys
Girls
23
34
81
72
Country
Wales
Scotland
Ireland
England
Area in square kilometres
70,285
20,761
78,772
130,360
13
Ratio 2
L.7
1) Halla mixes paint. She wants to make pale green. These are the colours she uses.
135ml of blue
120ml of yellow
45ml of white.
a) How much of each colour is in 100ml of the mixture?
Winston mixes paint to get a pale green. These are the colours he uses
115ml of blue
105ml of yellow
30ml of white.
b) How much of each colour is in 100ml of the mixture?
c) Which of the two mixtures is the paler?
2) A biscuit bar has the following information printed on the side of its packet.
Complete the table by putting in the values a, b, c and d.
3) Bridget buys a longlife bulb. It costs 5. The packet has the following information
printed on the side.
A longlife bulb uses 15 watts of electricity per hour and lasts for 8,000 hours.
An ordinary bulb uses 75 watts per hour and lasts for 1,000 hours.
a) How many watts of electricity does a longlife bulb use in its lifetime?
b) How many watts of electricity does a normal bulb use in its lifetime?
c) Complete this ratio for the amount of electricity used by each type of bulb in 8,000
hours.
Longlife bulb : Ordinary bulb
1 : ...
d) An ordinary bulb costs 25p. Complete this ratio for the cost of the bulbs for 8,000
hours.
Longlife bulb : Ordinary bulb
... : 1
e) Is it economical to buy a longlife bulb in preference to an ordinary one? Explain
your answer.
TYPICAL NUTRITION PER 45g BAR PER 100g
Energy
Protein
Carbohydrate
Fat
Fibre
Sodium
8.4g
59.2g
c
7.3g
0.06g
a 824kj/197kC
b
26.7g
9.3g
d
0.03g
14
Odd and Even Solutions
L.7
1) n is an even number. Which of the following are even?
a) n + 1 b) n + 2 c) n
2
d) n
2
+ 1
e) (n + 1)
2
f) n 1 g) n 2 h) (n 2)
2
i) (n + 1)(n 1) j) n 3 k) 4n l) 5n
m) n
2
1 n) 3n 1 o) (n 1)(n 2) p) (n + 1)(n 2)
2) If n is an odd number, what kind of number, odd, even, either or neither, must m be in
each of the following in order for the expression to be even?
a) n + m b) n m c) m + 2n d) (n + m)
2
e) (n + m)(n m) f) 2n
2
3m g) n + m
2
h) 4n + 2m
2
i) n
2
+ m j) 3n + 2m k) (n m)
2
l) m n
3) In the following expressions x is an odd number greater than 1. Which of the
expressions always give whole number answers and which dont?
a) b) c) d)
e) f) g) h)
4) Use this table to answer the questions below.
a) Complete the table.
b) Explain which expressions give odd answers.
c) Explain which expressions give even answers.
d) Explain what is required in an expression to get 9 as an answer.
e) What type of numbers would n and y have to be for (n y)
2
to be even?
x 1 +
2
------------
x 1
2
------------
3x
2
------
2x 1 +
2
----------------
3x 1 +
2
----------------
2x 1
2
----------------
6x 4 +
3
----------------
6x 1 +
3
----------------
n =
(n 1)
2
n
2
(n 2)
2
(n 3)
2
(n 4)
2
(n 5)
2
(n 6)
2
(n 7)
2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64
0 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
9
9
9
9
9
16
16
16
16
25
25
25
36
36
49
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
Simplifying 1
L.7
1) Simplify each of the following expressions
a) 5a + 7a b) 12x 6x c) 24w + 3w 6w
d) 32y 16y + 7y e) 24x + 71x 35x f) 14n + 7n 16n
g) 35b 23b 4b h) 31x + 13x 27x i) 3p + 7p 6p
j) 5z + 3z 15z k) 3x + 2y x + 2y l) 3p 2q 2p + 3q
m) 14w + 4x 13w 4x n) 5f 7g + f + 7g o) 5k 7k 4m + 2m
p) 2x + 21 3x 23 q) 34 3m + 21 7m r) 7x 2 3x 6
2) Simplify
a) 2a
2
+ 3a + 4a
2
+ 3a b) 5y + 3y
2
2y + 4y
2
c) 4b
2
+ b + 7b
2
5b
d) a
2
+ 2y + 3a
2
+ y e) 6x + 2x
2
4x + 5x
2
f) 2c
2
+ bc + 5c
2
3bc
g) 3x
2
+ 2x + 7x
2
+ x h) 6b + 2b
2
3b + b
2
i) 6c
2
b + 3c
2
2b
j) 5y
2
+ 6y 2y
2
+ 4y k) 6xy + 2y
2
4xy + 6y
2
l) 7d
2
cd + 3d
2
4cd
m) 3y
2
2y + 3y + 5 n) 6a 2a
2
4a + 7a
2
o) 7c
2
c + 6c 11
3) Simplify these fractions
a) b) c) d)
e) f) g) h)
i) j) k) l)
m) n) o) p)
a) b) c) d)
e) f) g) h)
i) j) k) l)
m) n) o) p)
5) Which of these is equal to ?
a) b) c) d)
e) f) g) h)
i) j) k) l)
m) n) o) p)
1
2
---a
1
4
---a +
1
4
--- x
3
4
--- x +
3
4
--- y
1
2
--- y +
1
3
---a
1
6
---a +
1
5
---c
3
10
------c +
1
2
--- y
1
4
--- y
3
4
---a
1
4
---a
3
4
---b
1
2
---b
3
8
--- x
1
4
--- x
3
4
---c
5
8
---c
1
4
---a
3
4
---a
3
5
--- y
1
10
------ y
1
4
---a
1
2
---a
7
10
------ x
1
2
--- x
5
9
---c
2
3
---c
7
12
------b
3
4
---b
c
5
---
3c
10
------ +
2x
3
------
x
6
--- +
c
5
---
c
15
------ +
w
5
------
2w
15
------- +
b
8
---
b
12
------ +
3a
8
------
3a
8
------ +
x
4
---
3x
8
------ +
y
12
------
3y
4
------ +
9y
10
------
3y
10
------
c
5
---
c
10
------
a
2
---
a
4
---
3x
4
------
x
4
---
7c
8
------
c
4
---
y
3
---
y
6
---
b
2
---
b
6
---
c
4
---
c
12
------
1
2
---c
c
8
---
c
12
------ +
c
3
---
c
6
--- +
c
2
---
c
6
---
5c
6
------
c
3
---
2c
5
------
2c
15
------ +
c
5
---
3c
10
------ +
c
3
---
c
6
---
3c
8
------
3c
8
------ +
c
4
---
3c
8
------ +
c
12
------
3c
4
------ +
9c
10
------
2c
5
------
c
2
---
3c
4
------
c
4
--- +
3c
4
------
c
4
---
7c
8
------
3c
8
------
3c
4
------
3c
12
------
16
Simplifying 2
L.7
a) b) c) d) e) f) g)
h) i) j) k) l) m) n)
2) Simplify these multiplications
a) b) c) d)
e) f) g) h)
i) j) k) l)
a) b) c) d) e) f) g)
h) i) j) k) l) m) n)
o) p) q) r) s) t) u)
a) b) c) d) e) f)
g) h) i) j) k) l)
m) n) o) p) q) r)
5) Arrange the following into pairs that are equal to each other

3
9
---
5
15
------
6
9
---
4
8
---
6
10
------
8
12
------
12
16
------
5
20
------
10
25
------
8
14
------
12
30
------
8
18
------
9
24
------
6
20
------
1
3
---
2
3
---
1
2
---
1
4
---
2
3
---
1
5
---
3
5
---
2
7
---
3
5
---
2
3
---
1
2
---
6
7
---
3
4
---
2
3
---
4
9
---
3
8
---
5
8
---
4
15
------
3
4
---
5
9
---
3
10
------
1
3
---
5
9
---
3
10
------
2a
4
------
4x
12
------
3c
9
------
2y
8
------
4b
12
------
4a
16
------
9x
24
------
6a
10
------
8y
26
------
14a
20
---------
5x
25
--------
9a
15
------
8c
20
------
4y
10
------
2a
2
------
5x
25
------
18a
27
---------
4y
35
--------
8a
32
------
9c
30
------
6y
16
------
2ab
a
---------
b
9b
------
xy
3xy
---------
y
6xy
---------
5b
ab
------
4x
xyz
--------
4ab
2a
---------
5b
15b
---------
3xy
9xy
---------
3x
2
y
4xy
-----------
2b
6ab
---------
3xy
4xyz
-----------
2a
2
4
--------
2a
2
a
--------
3x
2
y
xy
-----------
3y
12xy
------------
2a
2
b
a
------------
2xy
2
14xy
------------
a
b
---
ab
a
2
bc
-----------
a
2
ab
------
3y
9xy
---------
xy
xy
-----
2axy
a
2
------------
y
y
--
3
3xy
---------
2x
2x
2
y
-----------
5b
ab
------
c
ab
------
x
x
2
yz
-----------
8xy
4a
---------
c
2
abc
---------
5c
ac
------
2y
6xy
---------
b
abc
---------
y
xy
2
z
-----------
17
Multiplying Brackets Together
L.7
1) Remove the brackets and simplify.
a) 2(x + 4) + (x + 6) b) 3(x + 3 ) + (x + 7) c) 3(x + 3) (x + 2)
d) 4(x + 4) (x 3) e) 3(x + 2 ) + (x 6) f) 7(x + 3) 2(x 5)
g) 5(x 10) + 3(x + 3) h) 6(x 5) + 4(x + 5) i) 3(x 1) 3(x + 9)
j) 9(x 3) + 4(x 5) k) 7(x 7) (x 4) l) 6(x 6) 4(x 7)
m) 4(2x 5) + 5(x + 6) n) 3(4x 2) + 7(x + 7) o) 3(x 3) 6(3x + 5)
p) 8(x 4) + 2(4x 6) q) 4(2x 8) 2(3x 4) r) 6(6x 3) 4(2x 8)
2) Multiply together each pair of brackets and simplify your answer
a) (x + 2)(x + 3) b) (x + 4 )(x + 5) c) (x + 3)(x + 7)
d) (x + 5)(x 6) e) (x + 7 )(x 4) f) (x + 2)(x 8)
g) (x 12)(x + 2) h) (x 8 )(x + 6) i) (x 10)(x + 3)
j) (x 4)(x 9) k) (x 3 )(x 6) l) (x 5)(x 4)
a) (2x + 1)(x + 4) b) (3x + 4 )(x + 3) c) (2x + 5)(x + 2)
d) (4x + 2)(x 3) e) (2x + 5 )(x 3) f) (5x + 3)(x 5)
g) (5x 3)(x + 6) h) (6x 8 )(x + 2) i) (3x 7)(x + 4)
j) (6x 2)(x 3) k) (5x 7 )(x 1) l) (4x 4)(x 7)
a) (x + 2)(2x + 5) b) (x + 3 )(4x + 2) c) (x + 6)(3x + 3)
d) (x + 1)(5x 5) e) (x + 6 )(2x 4) f) (x + 4)(4x 4)
g) (x 5)(5x + 3) h) (x 6 )(3x + 9) i) (x 3)(6x + 9)
j) (x 2)(9x 5) k) (x 3 )(2x 8) l) (x 9)(6x 6)
a) (3x + 4)(4x + 9) b) (5x + 4 )(2x + 8) c) (6x + 4)(2x + 6)
d) (5x + 3)(4x 7) e) (6x + 3 )(4x 8) f) (6x + 9)(4x 8)
g) (5x 1)(8x + 4) h) (4x 9 )(6x + 6) i) (8x 3)(3x + 5)
j) (5x 6)(5x 3) k) (3x 3 )(8x 6) l) (6x 7)(4x 5)
6) Multiply out these squares and simplify your answers
a) (x + 2)
2
b) (x + 5)
2
c) (x 1)
2
d) (x 4)
2

e) (x + 1)
2
f) (x + 12)
2
g) (x 7)
2
h) (x 5)
2

i) (3x + 3)
2
j) (5x + 6)
2
k) (4x 4)
2
l) (6x 3)
2

m) (2x + 2)
2
n) (3x + 2)
2
o) (5x 2)
2
p) (4x 3)
2

18
Factorising
L.7
1) Write down the factors of these.
a) 6 b) 12 c) ab d) 3a e) 6a
f) a
2
g) 12b h) 4a
2
i) 2ab j) 4ab
k) 4x
2
l) 7b m) 6c
2
n) 8xy o) 5a
2
b

2) Write down the highest common factor of each of the following pairs of expressions.
a) 8 and 12 b) 9 and 18 c) 8 and 20
d) 3b and 9 e) 3b and 9b f) 3a and a
2

g) 5ab and 3ab h) 6ab and 9a
2
i) 4ab and 6ab
j) 6a
2
and 4a k) 4x
2
and 3x l) 6xy and 9x
2
y
2
m) 3x
2
y and 18xy
2
n) 8a
2
b and 12ab
2
o) 9ac and 24a
2
c
2
3) Factorise each of the following expressions by finding the highest common factor.
a) 2a + 4 b) 3x + 6 c) 14x + 16
d) 6x 4 e) 2xy + 2y f) 4ab 3b
g) 5ab 10b h) 6ac 12 i) 5x
2
10xy
j) 2ab + a
2
k) xy 2y
2
l) 3a
2
6a
m) 12a
2
abc n) 12x
2
+ 6x o) ab + abc + ac
4) Factorise each of the following expressions by finding the highest common factor.
a) 3xy + 2x
2
b) 2x
2
y + 4y c) 4ab ac + 3ad
d) 2a + 4b + 6c e) 2a
2
+ 6ab 8a
2
b f) 6ab ac + 3abc
g) 4x + 2x
2
+ 6x
3
h) 4a
2
+ 3ab + 2ac i) 4a + 6a
2
b 10ab
2
j) a
3
+ ax ab k) 2xy + 6y 4y
2
l) 6a
2
b 3ab
2
m) 3a
2
+ 5ab + 6a
2
c n) 2a
2
+ 8ab 10a
2
b o) 4ab 16a
2
+ 2abc
p) 3x
2
+ 6xy
3
+ 9x
2
q) 5ab
2
+ 5ab + 10bc
2
r) 2a + 3a
2
b 5ab
2
19
Solving Simple Equations
L.7
1) Calculate the value of x in each of the following.
a) x + 3 = 8 b) 9 x = 4 c) x 9 = 14
d) x + 3 = 6 e) x 3 = 7 f) 3 x = 8
g) 4 + x = 7 h) 6 x = 10 i) x + 3 = 11
2) Calculate the values of the letters in the following.
a) 3a + 2 = 8 b) 9x 6 = 8 c) 6 + 7y = 27
d) 9 4b = 1 e) 6c 14 = 16 f) 4w + 6 = 28
g) 6x = 28 h) 6x = 36 i) 7x 3 = 60
j) 7 2y = 1 k) 12p 12 = 120 l) 24 3w = 6
3) Calculate the value of the letters in each of the following.
a) x = 12 b) a = 5 c) b + 2 = 8
d) y + 6 = 19 e) w + 1 = 19 f) x = 6
g) y 5 = 19 h) a 4 = 6 i) = 7
j) = 10 k) = 9 l) + 6 = 12
4) Calculate the value of the letter in each case.
a) 3(x + 2) = 21 b) 4(x + 3) = 24 c) 5(x + 1) = 15
d) 7(x 2) = 35 e) 6(x 2) = 48 f) 8(x 2) = 48
g) 6(2x + 2) = 36 h) 9(3x 2) = 90 i) 6(2x 4) = 72
j) 4(4x + 7) = 44 k) 8(3x 1) = 160 l) 3(2x + 5) = 75
5) Calculate the value of the letter in each case.
a) 2x + 3 = 3x + 2 b) 3x + 4 = 4x + 2 c) 4x + 5 = 2x + 13
d) 3x 4 = x + 4 e) 2x + 7 = 4x 5 f) 8x 5 = x + 23
g) x 6 = 2x 9 h) 5x 2 = 3x + 4 i) 6x + 4 = 18x 2
j) 4x 1 = 6x 15 k) 8x 8 = 2x 2 l) 3x + 5 = 5x 16
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
4
1
2
3
4
3
4
1
2
a
4
x
4
3b
4
c
5
20
Sequences
L.7
1) Grace arranges discs into rows. She begins with 2 discs in 1 row. She then increases
the number of rows by 1 and the number of discs in each row by 1
a) How many discs does she put into 5 rows?
b) Which of these rules will calculate the number of discs in an arrangement?
d = 3r 3 d = 2r 1 d = r r + 2 d = r(r + 1) d = 4r + 4
where d represents the number of discs and r the number of rows.
c) Use the rule to calculate the number of discs she needs for 10 rows.
2) Brian writes down this sequence of numbers
2 6 12 22 30 ....
The rule for finding the next number is , where n is the position of the number
in the sequence.
a) Use this rule to check which number in the sequence is incorrect.
b) Calculate the next two numbers in the sequence.
c) Brian says that all the numbers in the sequence are even numbers. Explain
whether you think he is right.
3) Dave writes down this sequence of numbers
The rule for finding the next number is , where n is the position of the number
in the sequence.
a) Use this rule to check which number in the sequence is incorrect.
b) Calculate the next two numbers in the sequence.
c) Explain why the sequence of denominators can never be even.
1 row
2 discs
2 rows
6 discs
3 rows
12 discs
4 rows
20 discs
n
2
n +
1 2 3 4 5 6
3 7 13 20 31 43 .....
n
n
2
n 1 + +
------------------------
21
Trial and Improvement
L.7
The equation 3x
2
8x + 2 = 0 has two solutions for x. One solution is between 2
and 3 and the other is between 0.2 and 0.3.
Derek calculates the values of x by a trial and improvement method. These are his
calculations. The difference is obtained by subtracting the value of 3x
2
from 8x 2.
a) Rewrite the equation in the form 3x
2
= ....
b) Why did Derek calculate the difference between 3x
2
and 8x 2?
c) Between which two values does the solution lie? Explain your answer.
A more accurate value can be obtained by using values with 2 decimal places.
d) Continue this table until the difference is negative.
e) What two values does the solution now lie between?
f) Write down the first solution to the equation correct to 2 decimal places. Explain
why you chose that answer.
g) Use Dereks method to calculate the second solution to the equation. Give your
answer correct to 2 decimal places.
x 3x
2
8x 2 Difference
2
12 14 2
2.1 13.23 14.8 1.57
2.2
14.52 15.6 1.08
2.3 15.87 16.4
0.53
2.4 17.28 17.2 -0.08
2.5
18.75
18
-0.75
20.28 2.6 18.8 -1.48
2.7 21.87 19.6 -2.27
x 3x
2
8x 2 Difference
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
16.4268 16.72 0.2932
22
Graphs
L.7
1) Here are the equations of eight graphs labelled A to H.
A B C D
E F G H
a) Which graph is parallel to F?
b) Which graph is not a straight line?
c) What are the co-ordinates of the point where equations C and F cross?
d) Which graph is parallel to the axis?
e) Which two graphs pass through the point (0,0)?
f) Which graph goes through the point (4,7)?
g) Which equation is the same as ?
h) At which point do B and D cross?
i) Which graph is parallel to A?
j) Which graph crosses D at right angles?
k) Which graph is parallel to ?
2) The diagram shows a hexagon with corners labelled A to F.
Use the diagram to answer these questions.
a) What is the equation of the straight line through F and A?
b) What is the equation of the straight line through F and C?
c) What is the equation of the straight line through F and B?
d) Which two points on the hexagon does the line pass through?
e) What are the co-ordinates of the point where the lines and cross?
f) At what point does the line through BC meet the line through ED?
g) At what point will the line through CB meet the line through EA?
y 3x 4 + = y 2 = y 3x = x 2 =
y 2x
2
= x y + 12 = y
1
2
--- x 5 + =
x y +
2
------------ 9 =
x
y 18 x =
y 0.5x =
x
0
1
2
3
4
1 2 3
-1
-1 -2 0
-2
y
4
5
A
B
C
D
E
F
y 2.5 x 1 + ( ) =
x y + 6 = x 3 =
23
Simultaneous Equations with Graphs
L.7
1) The diagram below shows the graphs of the equations
and
Use the diagram to solve the simultaneous equations:-

2) The diagram below shows the graphs of two equations:-
Complete these equations for the two graphs:-
A is
B is
Solve the simultaneous equations and
3) With a scale of 2 to 5 on the y axis and 4 to 4 on the x axis, draw the graphs of
and
Use the diagram to write down the solution to the simultaneous equations
and
y
1
2
-- x 5 + = y x 1 + =
x
y
0
2
6
8
10
2
4 6 8 10
4
y
1
2
-- x 5 =
y x 1 =
x
y
0
2
6
8
10
2 4 6 8 10
4
A B
y =
y =
y x 2 = x y + 9 =
y 2x 3 + = y
2
3
-- x 1 + =
y 2x 3 = 3y 2x 3 =
24
Simultaneous Equations
L.7
1)
In the diagram above
a) Which graph represents the equation ?
b) Which graph represents the graph ?
c) Show that the point of intersection of the two graphs is the solution to the two
simultaneous equations:-
2) With a scale of 2 to 7 on the y axis and 0 to 9 on the x axis, draw the graphs of
and
Use the diagram to write down the solution to the simultaneous equations:-
3) With a scale of -4 to 7 on the y axis and -5 to 3 on the x axis, draw the graphs of
and
4) With a scale of 0 to 6 on the y axis and -6 to 0 on the x axis, draw the graphs of
and
x
y
0
-2
2
4
2 -2 -4 -6 -8
-4
A
B
y 2x 4 =
2y x + 7 =
y 2x 4 =
2y x + 7 =
y x 2 = y
1
2
--- x 2 + =
y x 2 =
2y x 4 =
y 2x 4 + = y
1
3
--- x 1 =
3y x 3 =
y 2x 4 =
y x 6 + = y 3x 4 =
y x 6 =
y 3x + 4 =
25
Solving Simultaneous Equations
L.7
Solve the following pairs of simultaneous equations
1) a) b) c)

d) e) f)

2) a) b) c)

d) e) f)

3) a) b) c)

d) e) f)

4) a) b) c)

d) e) f)

5) a) b) c)

d) e) f)

6) Calculate the coordinates of the point of intersection of the following pairs of graphs.
a) and
b) and
c) and
d) and
e) and
f) and
x 2y + 5 = x 4y + 22 = x 4y + 13 =
x y + 3 = x y + 7 = x 2y + 7 =
4x 2y + 14 = 3x y + 19 = 3x 4y + 16 =
x 2y + 5 = x y + 9 = 3x y + 13 =
y + 10 = 2x y + 10 = 4x y + 13 =
y 4 = x y 1 = 2x y 5 =
8x 6y 28 = 3x 2y 3 = 5x 2y + 13 =
3x 6y + 27 = 2x 2y + 12 = 4x 2y 5 =
x y 3 = 4x y 4 = 5x 3y 14 =
x 2y 0 = 3x y 2 = 2x 3y 2 =
3x 2y 12 = 2x y 13 = 3x 4y 15 =
3x 2y + 24 = 2x 6y + 20 = 3x 2y + 21 =
x 2y + 11 = x 3y + 17 = 2x 3y 0 =
x 2y 5 = x 3y 13 = x 2y 2 =
3x 2y + 7 = 4x 2y + 18 = 4x 2y + 26 =
2x y 5 = x y 3 = 3x y 12 =
2x 3y + 7 = 2x 5y + 14 = 7x 2y 20 =
3x 5y + 18 = 3x 2y 2 = 3x 4y + 6 =
2x y + 3 = 2x 3y 15 = 5x 2y 5 =
3x 4y 2 = x 3y + 3 = 2x 3y 2 =
y 25 3x = y 3x 17 =
y 14 x = y
3
2
--- x 1 =
y
x
2
--- 5 = y 15 2x =
y 4x 8 = y
4
3
--- x 8 + =
y 3x 4 = y 28 5x =
y 2x 6 = y
7
2
--- x 27 =
26
Inequalities
L.7
1) In each of the following inequalities the values of x are integers. Write down the
solutions in each case.
a) 5 < x < 9 b) 6 < x < 10 c) -3 < x < 1
d) -8 < x < -5 e) -4 < x < -1 f) -15 < x < -12
g) 5 < x + 1 < 9 h) 6 < x + 1 < 10 i) -3 < x + 1 < 1
j) 5 < x + 3 < 9 k) 6 < x + 6 < 10 l) -3 < x + 4 < 1
m) 5 < x 1 < 9 n) 6 < x 3 < 10 o) -3 < x 3 < 1
p) 2 < 2x < 12 q) 3 < 2x < 12 r) 4 < 3x < 15
s) 2 < 2x + 1 < 9 t) 3 < 2x 1 < 13 u) -2 < 3x + 4 < 7
v) -3 < 2x 2 < 14 w) -4 < 2x 4 < 10 x) -6 < 3x 2 < 3
2) In each of the following diagrams, the information given will eliminate all the points
except one. In each case write down the point.
y > x
x + y > 4
y < 4
x
y
y
x
y
x
x + y < 7
y > 1
x > 3
y x > 2
x > -3
y < 2
0
1
2
3
4
1 2 3
0
1
2
3
1 2 3 4 5
0
1 -1 -2 -3 -4
1
2
3
4
-1
-1
-2 -1
-1 -2 0
0
0
a)
b) c)
y
x
0
1
2
3
1 2 3 4 5
-1
-2
0 x
0
1
2
3
4
1 2 3
-1
-1 -2 0
y
x
0
1 -1 -2 -3 -4
1
2
3
4
-1
0
d) e) f)
y x > -2
y < 2
x + y > 2
y > x
y < 2
x > -1
y x > 2
x > -2
y < 3
27
Pythagoras Theorem
L.7
1) Calculate the length of the hypotenuse in each of the following right angled
triangles. Give your answers correct to the nearest millimetre.
2) Calculate the length of the unknown side in each of the following right angled
triangles. Give your answers correct to the nearest millimetre.
3) Explain why you know that the three triangles shown below are right angled.
12cm
10cm
4cm
9cm
5cm
13cm
a) b) c)
12cm
7cm
d)
a) b)
c) d)
10cm
13cm
14cm
6cm
8cm
12cm
11cm
5cm
6cm
8cm
10cm
5cm
12cm
13cm
7cm
24cm
25cm
4cm
6cm
6cm
4) An isosceles triangle can be made into two
congruent right angled triangles like this.
What are the length of the sides of the
right angled triangles?
5) The diagonals of a kite cross at right angles. The
shorter one is bisected, the other is cut in two.
The diagonals of this kite measure 30cm and
56cm. If the smaller sides of the kite measure
25cm, what are the lengths of its larger sides?
28
Area of a Right Angled Triangle
L.7
1) Calculate the areas of these triangles.
2) Calculate the areas of these triangles.
3) Use the rule for finding the area of a triangle to calculate the shaded areas in the
following shapes. Diagram b is a kite, c is a rhombus and d is a parallelogram.
4) Using the results of question 3, explain how you would calculate the areas of:-
a) a kite
b) a rhombus
c) a parallelogram
7cm
4cm
9cm
5cm
5.5cm
6.5cm
8cm
7.2cm
a)
b) c) d)
11cm
9cm
13cm
15cm
8.5cm
9.5cm
a)
b)
c)
7.5
cm
9.5
cm
11cm
14cm
19cm
14cm
7.5cm
4.4cm
17cm
9.5cm
a)
b)
c)
d)
29
Areas of Plane Shapes
L.7
1) Calculate the areas of the trapezium, parallelogram, kite and rhombus shown
below.
2) Calculate the areas of the shaded parts of these shapes.
20cm
15cm
18cm
15cm
12cm
11cm
17cm
23cm
13cm
a)
b)
c)
d)
10cm
radius
16cm
16cm
8cm
radius
1cm
3cm
3cm
3cm
11cm
17cm 15cm
6cm
12cm
a)
b)
c)
d)
30
Volumes of Prisms
L.7
4cm
12cm
9cm
8cm
4cm
The diagram on the left shows
a prism of height 12cm
a) Calculate the area of its
top.
b) What is its volume?
1)
2)
6cm
9cm
8cm
7cm
The diagram on the left shows a
trapezial prism of height 8cm.
a) Calculate the area of its top.
b) What is its volume?
3)
Calculate the volume of the
cylinder on the left which has
a diameter of 7cm and a
height of 9cm.
4) The prism on the left is 13cm in
height. Its top is in the shape of
a triangle with a smaller similar
triangle cut from it. The height of
the larger triangle is 14cm and
that of the smaller one is 7cm.
a) What is the area of its top?
b) Calculate the volume of the
solid part.
13cm
14cm
16cm
Drinking glasses of diameter 6cm and depth
12cm are packed into boxes with internal
measurements of 28.5cm long, 19cm wide and
13cm high. The spaces between and around
the glasses are filled with polystyrene granules.
Calculate the volume the polystyrene has to fill.
5)
31
Enlargement and Similarity
L.7
1) The diagram below shows two similar right angled triangles. Triangle A has been
enlarged by a factor of 1 to make triangle B.
a) What are the dimensions of sides a and b?
b) What are the areas of triangles A and B?
c) Complete this ratio:-
Area of triangle A : Area of triangle B
1 : ....
2) The diagram below shows two similar triangles, one an enlargement of the other.
a) What is the scale factor of the smaller one to the larger one?
b) What is the scale factor of the larger one to the smaller one? (give your answer
as a fraction)
If the area of the smaller triangle is 1.08cm
2

c) What is its height?
d) What is the area of the larger triangle?
3) The diagram shows two similar shapes.
The dimensions of the larger shape have been multiplied by 0.65 to get those of the
smaller shape.
a) One of the dimensions on the larger shape is 4.2cm. What is the size of the
corresponding dimension on the smaller shape?
b) One of the dimensions on the smaller shape is 2.34cm. What is the
corresponding dimension on the larger shape?
c) If the area of the larger shape is 10cm
2
, what is the area of the smaller one?
1
2
---
A
B
1
1
2
4.2cm
2.9cm a
b
....
1.8cm
4.05cm

0.65
32
Routes
L.7
1) The diagram below shows a field measuring 120 metres by 80 metres.
It has a tree growing near to corner B, 10m from each of the two sides. An existing
pipeline enters the field at the mid point of side ED and leaves the field at corner C.
It is proposed to run another straight pipeline from point A, half way along side EB
to side BC. The pipeline must not be within 10 metres of the tree or 15 metres of
the existing pipeline.
Make an accurate scale drawing of the field, using a scale of 1cm to represent
10 metres.
On your diagram shade in the area through which the pipe can run.
2) The diagram shows part of a lake. There are three danger markers, A, B and C on
the lake and it is recommended that boats should keep well clear of them.
A boat travels between markers A and C then alters course to go between A and B.
a) Draw an accurate diagram of the relative positions of the markers, using a scale
of 1cm to represent 20 metres.
b) The boat travels so that it is equidistant from A and C, then it alters course so that
it is equidistant from A and B. Draw accurately on your diagram the route of the
boat.
A
B C
10m
10m
Tree
120m
80m
D E
Existing
pipeline
N
200m
180m
170m
25
A
B
C
33
Trees
L.7
1) The diagram below shows the plan of a garden in the shape of a rectangle
measuring 12 metres by 14 metres.
A tree is growing on the boundary DC, 4 metres from the corner C. A new tree is
to be planted. It must not be within 4 metres of the old tree. It is to be equidistant
from sides DC and BC and it must not be within 4 metres of the house.
a) Draw an accurate diagram of the garden using a scale of 1cm to represent 1m.
d) Clearly indicate on the diagram where the tree can be planted.
2) The diagram shows a plan of a small public garden next to a canal. There are two
trees, 20 metres apart and both 8 metres from the canal.
A bench is to be placed in the garden. It must be within 12 metres of each of the
trees but further than 4 metres from the canal.
a) Draw an accurate sketch of the garden, using a scale of 1cm to represent 2 m.
b) Clearly indicate on the diagram the area where the bench can be placed.
House
14m
12m
8m
A
B
C
D
Old tree
Canal
Tree Tree
20 metres
8 metres
34
Rounding Off
L.7
1) What are the distances marked on the number line, correct to the nearest whole
number?
2) This rectangle has dimensions measured correct to the nearest cm.
3) The diagram below shows the plan of a running track. It is made up of two straight
lengths of 100m and two semicircles of 60m diameter. The dimensions are given
correct to the nearest metre.
What is the minimum distance around the track?
4) The length of a piece of wood is given as 137cm correct to the nearest cm. Complete
this statement:-
.... Length of wood < ....
Explain why the signs and < are used.
5) The daily temperatures given by the Weather Bureau are always rounded to the
nearest degree celsius. What are the maximum and minimum values of a
temperature of 20C?
6) Five people get into a lift. The lift will not move if their combined mass is greater than
500kg. The masses of the 5 people are 105kg, 95kg, 89kg, 109kg and 101kg, all
measured to the nearest kilogram. Explain why the lift refuses to move.
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
A B C D E F
12cm
9cm
a) Calculate the minimum area
of the rectangle.
b) Calculate the maximum area
of the rectangle.
100m
60m
35
Imprecision of Measurement
L.7
1) Boxes and their lids are made to these dimensions, correct to the nearest mm.
2) The timetable says that the buses arrive at the bus stop every 10 minutes, at 8:00,
8:10, 8:20, 8:30 and so on. The bus company says that they are always on time to
the nearest minute.
Jan arrives at the bus stop just as a bus is leaving.
a) What is the maximum time she will have to wait for the next bus?
b) What is the minimum time she will have to wait for the next bus?
3) At an athletics meeting, the javelin throws are measured to the nearest centimetre.
The winning throw was 37.31 metres, equalling the record. Explain why this throw
could have been the new record.
4) At the same athletics meeting the 400 metres relay race was won in a time of 58.3
seconds, correct to the nearest th of a second. Between what two values does
the actual time lie?
5) Water tanks are made in the shape of open cuboids. They are made 94cm tall,
100cm wide and 112cm long. Each dimension is measured to the nearest centimetre.
84mm
107mm
86mm
109mm
Top of box
Exterior dimensions
Lid of box
Interior dimensions
When the lid is put on the box there is a gap
between them, as shown on the left.
a) What is the maximum gap between lid
and box?
b) What is the minimum gap between lid and
box?
1
10
------
112cm
100cm
94cm
The makers advertise them as capable
of holding up to 1068 litres.
Is this a good estimate?
Explain your answer.
36
Compound Measure
L.7
1) A small car has an average fuel consumption of 48 miles per gallon. A large car has
a fuel consumption of 23 miles per gallon.
Jaspal calculates that he travels 9,500 miles each year.
a) How many gallons of petrol would he use in a year if he bought the small car?
b) How many gallons of petrol would he use in a year if he bought the large car?
c) A third car is medium sized and the fuel consumption is 10 kilometres per litre.
How many gallons of petrol would he use in a year if he bought this car?
2) The outside walls of a house are to be painted. The plan of the house is a rectangle
measuring 13 metres by 10 metres. The walls are 5 metres tall.
a) Calculate the total area of the four walls.
The house has 12 windows in it and 2 doors. Four of the windows measure 130cm
by 250cm and six others measure 130cm by 150cm. The remaining two windows
measure 130cm by 60cm. The doors measure 90cm by 2m.
b) Calculate the total area of the windows and doors in m
2
.
c) What is the total area of wall needing to be painted?
d) Paint is bought in cans containing 10 litres and 1 litre is sufficient to cover 8.5m
2
.
How many cans of paint are needed?
3) The distance from the bus terminus to Amas house is 3.5 kilometres. The journey
takes 8 minutes. Calculate the average speed of the bus in kilometres per hour.
4) The velocity of sound through air is approximately 760 miles per hour. If the noise of
thunder takes 8 seconds to reach the listener approximately how far away will it
be in metres?
5) A hosepipe feeds water into a tank of height 2 metres and internal diameter of 1.6m.
a) Calculate the volume of water in the tank when it is full.
The hosepipe has an internal diameter of 2.5cm.
b) Calculate the volume of 1 metre of water in the pipe.
The tank takes 30 minutes to fill up.
c) How much water enters the tank in 1 second?
d) Calculate the speed of the water in the pipe in metres per second.
10m 13 metres
5m
37
Currency
L.7
1) Donna goes to Florida on a holiday. She takes 600 dollars with her to spend. She
buys this money at a rate of $1.37 for 1.00. Calculate how much it costs, to the
nearest penny.
She buys the money from a travel agent who adds on another 2.5% commission.
What is her total bill?
2) On the back of a book the price is written in three ways.
5.99 in UK
$7.99 in USA
$14.99 in Australia.
If the rate of exchange is 1.37 US dollars to a pound and 2.67 Australian dollars to a
pound, in which country will the book cost most and in which will it cost least?
3) Dan travels to Canada for a holiday. He changes 400 into Canadian dollars before
he goes at a rate of $2.11 for 1.00. He spends a week in Vancouver then travels on
to the USA. He decides to change 200 of his Canadian dollars into American dollars.
He knows that in the UK he can get 1.37 American dollars for 1.00. How many US
dollars does he expect to get?
4) The exchange rate between the UK pound and the Turkish lira is 1.00 equals
1,877 lira.
Donna goes on a holiday to Turkey. How many lira can she buy for 250?
When Donna gets to Turkey she finds that the exchange rate has changed to
1,936 lira to a pound. How many more lira could she have gained if she had
changed her money in Turkey?
5) The car Mrs Lee wants to buy costs 7,890 in her town. She finds that in Europe the
same car costs 9,400 euros. If 1 euro is worth 66p, how much money does Mrs Lee
save by buying it in Europe?
6) Rik wants to go on a travelling holiday to New Zealand. It costs 450 to travel from
the UK to New Zealand or 790 return. However, he is told that the one way fare from
New Zealand back to the UK is $1000. If 1.00 buys 3.29 New Zealand dollars, is it
more economical to buy a return fare or two one way fares?
7) In 2001 Erol bought a pair of sandals in Portugal for 5,500 escudos. On the bottom
of his receipt it says 205 escudos = 1 euro. Erol knows that 1 euro is worth 69p.
What is the cost of his shoes in pounds?
38
Coach Journey
L.7
The simplified graph shows the journey a coach makes between Manchester and
London.
a) What distance does the coach travel between Manchester and Birmingham?
b) What is the average speed of the coach between Manchester and Birmingham?
c) For how long does the coach stop in Birmingham?
d) What is the distance travelled by the coach between Birmingham and Oxford?
e) What is the average speed of the coach between Birmingham and Oxford?
f) For how long does the coach stop in Oxford?
g) At what time does the coach leave Oxford?
h) What is the distance between Oxford and London?
i) What is the average speed of the coach between Oxford and London?
j) At what time does the coach arrive in London?
London
Oxford
Birmingham
Manchester
10:00 am 12:00 2:00 pm 4:00
40
120
160
Distance
from
Manchester
in miles
Time
39
Train Journey
L.7
Mair takes a train journey to Glasgow from Cardiff. She has to change trains at
Birmingham. Below is shown a simplified graph of her journey.
a) Without calculating, say over which part of her journey the train travelled at the
greatest speed.
b) What were the average speeds over the two parts of the journey?
c) What is the distance from Birmingham to Glasgow?
d) What was the total time for her journey?
e) How long did she have to wait at Birmingham station?
f) Another train leaves Glasgow for Birmingham at 14:27. It arrives at Birmingham
at 17:12. At approximately what time do the trains pass?
g) How far from Glasgow is Mair when the two trains pass?
13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00
Cardiff
Birmingham
Glasgow
Time
Distance
Cardiff
in km
from
100
200
300
400
500
600
40
Road Race
L.7
Two friends, Brody and Hari run a 20 kilometre race from Ambridge to Blaconsfield
and back. The diagram below shows a rough sketch of their journeys.
a) Which of the two friends first takes the lead?
b) Along the journey they encounter a hill. Approximately how far from Ambridge is
the beginning of the hill?
c) At what time did the lead first change?
d) How many times did they pass each other?
e) How many times did the lead change?
f) Who was in the lead at the 1 hour point?
g) Who was running the fastest just after the half way point?
h) Why did their speed increase between the 1hr 45min and 2hr points?
i) Who won the race and by what time interval?
j) What was Brodys approximate average speed for the whole race?
k) Give an explanation of the dramatic events at the 18km point.
1 hour 2 hours
Time from the start of the race
Start
2
4
6
8
10
Distance
from the
start of
the race
in km.
Brodys race
Haris race
41
Mean
L.7
1) Joe grows plants in his greenhouse. After one week he measures the heights of
them. These are the results he gets, correct to the nearest cm.
2) The table below shows the sales of two books in 50 stores throughout the country.
For example, 3 shops sold no book As and 7 shops sold no book Bs.
a) For each of the two books, calculate the mean number sold at the stores.
b) For each book, how many shops sold less than the mean?
These stores are part of a larger group of 210 stores.
c) For each book, calculate the approximate number of books the company sold in
all its stores.
Height of
plant
Number of
plants
cms
45
46
47
48
49
50
5
8
19
23
12
3
a) Calculate the mean height of the plants,
correct to the nearest millimetre.
b) What is the modal height of the plants?
c) What is the median height of the plants?
d) What is the range of their heights?
Number of Number of
shops selling
books
sold book A
Number of
shops selling
book B
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3
10
7
7
8
7
4
1
0
3
7
5
2
2
6
7
5
6
5
5
42
Mean and Range
L.7
1) The mean and range of these numbers are equal. What is the value of the missing
number?
2) The ages of 8 children are shown below. If the mean is 7 what is the range?
3) Card number 8 will increase the mean of these numbers by 2. What number is on
the new card?
4) The mean of these 8 numbers is 9 and their range is 8. What are the two missing
numbers?
5) The mean of these 8 numbers is 4 and their range is 4. What are the two missing
numbers?
6) The ages of 8 children are shown below. If the mean and range are equal and all
are below 10, what are the missing ages?
7) The cards below have 8 numbers on them. The mean and range of these numbers
are equal. What are the missing card numbers if they are equal to each other?
6 4
3 4
6 ?
3
4
10 6
8 7
6 ?
7
8
3 6 3 8 6 ? 5 4
6 ?
13 11
8 ?
7 9
6 ?
4 3
5 ?
3
4
9 ?
7 6
5 ?
6
7
9 ?
12 6 11 ?
9
7
43
Sweets
L.7
A company make packets of coloured sweets. They counted the number of red and
yellow sweets in 50 packets. The results are shown in the diagram below.
a) Complete the table below. Use it to estimate the mean number of red sweets in a
packet.
b) Draw a similar table and estimate the mean number of yellow sweets in a packet.
c) Each day the company produces 1,000 packets of sweets. Approximately how
many red and yellow sweets does it make?
d) Approximately how many packets contain 10 or less red sweets?
0-2 3-5 6-8 9-11 12-14
5
0
10
15
6
17
13
10
4
0-2 3-5 6-8 9-11 12-14
5
0
10
15
8
10
14
12
6
Number of red sweets
in each packet
Number of yellow sweets
in each packet
Number
Packets
Number
of of
packets
Number of Mid point
of bar
Number of
packets
xf
f x ( ) ( ) red sweets
0-2
3-5
6-8
9-11
12-14
1
4
7
10
13
6
17
13
10
4
6
68
50
44
Flower Seeds
L.7
A company produce packets of seeds that will grow into a mixture of blue and white
flowers. 100 packets were sown and the resulting colour of the flowers were recorded.
The table below shows the results.
a) Complete the table below and estimate the mean number of blue flowers a packet
of seeds will produce.
b) Draw a similar table and estimate the mean number of white flowers a packet of
seeds will produce.
c) Each year the company produces 15,000 packets of these seeds. Approximately
how many blue and white flowers will the packets produce?
d) Approximately how many packets produce more than 14 white flowers?
e) Which of the two charts shows a greater range? Explain your answer.
f) Fill in the blanks in this sentence A packet of seeds usually has more ....... seeds
in it than ....... seeds.
15-17 3-5 6-8 9-11 12-14
5
0
10
15
Number of blue flowers
23-27 3-7 8-12 13-17 18-22
Number of white flowers
20
25
30
5
0
10
15
20
25
30
13
22
27
24
14
17
28
30
11
14
Number
of
Packets
of
Seeds
Number
of
Packets
of
Seeds
Number of Mid point
of bar
Number of
packets
xf
f x ( ) ( ) blue flowers
3-5
6-8
9-11
12-14
15-17
4
7
10
13
22
52
45
Measuring Scatter
L.7
1) At The Castle Cafe they sell soup to their lunchtime customers. The scatter diagram
below shows the number of bowls sold in May plotted against the lunchtime
outdoor temperatures.
a) Draw in a line of best fit.
b) How many bowls of soup would you expect to sell when the temperature is 19C?
c) Would you expect to sell more or less soup in January?
2) A spring is hung from a hook and masses attached to it. The length of the spring
is measured each time a mass is attached to it. The results are then plotted. These
are shown below.
a) Draw a line of best fit.
b) An object is hung on the bottom of the spring. The length of the spring increases
to 17.5cm. What is the mass of the object?
c) An object has a mass of 2.2kg. What will be the approximate length of the spring?
22 20 18 16 14
12 10
Lunchtime temperature C
5
10
15
20
25
30
Number of
bowls sold
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Length of spring in cms
Mass
attached
1
2
3
4
kg
46
Relative Frequency
L.7
1) A die is rolled 100 times and the number of sixes recorded. How many times would
you expect the 6 to occur?
2) A bag contains 9 discs, all similar to the touch. Some of the discs are blue, some
are green and some are red. Abi takes a disc from the bag and records the colour.
She then replaces the disc.
She does this 100 times recording all the results in the table below.
How many discs of each colour do you think are in the bag?
3) A small cube has 2 red sides, two blue sides and 2 yellow sides.
Some friends do an experiment to decide whether this cube is biased. They each roll
the cube and record the colour of the top face. These are the results they get.
a) Whose data are more likely to give the most accurate estimate of the probability of
getting each result? Explain your answer.
b) Is the cube biased? Explain your answer.
The friends combine their results.
c) Use these results to calculate the probability of getting a yellow.
d) Use these results to calculate the probability of getting a red.
Blue Green Red
45 34 21
red
blue
yellow
Emma
Liam
Harriet
Jude
Red Blue Yellow
Results
Number
of Throws Name
100 45 34 21
160 87 40 33
60 28
23 9
80 46 20 14
Red Blue Yellow
Results
Number
of Throws
400 206 117 77
47
Probability
L.7
1) Euan plays chess against his friend Joy. Over the last month he has won 8 times.
He says that his chance of winning the next game is 0.4.
a) What is his chance of not winning?
b) How many games have they played altogether?
c) If Joys chance of winning is 0.5 how many games did they draw?
2) Two bags contain red, yellow and blue cubes. All the cubes are the same to the
touch.
Tariq takes a cube from one of the bags.
He wants to choose a yellow cube.
Which bag should he choose? Explain your answer.
3) Bello plays cricket for his school team. Last season they won 5 games, lost 7 and
drew 4.
a) What was his teams chance of winning a game last year?
He says that this year they have a better chance of winning. He estimates that
they should have at least a 40% chance of winning their matches.
b) If they play the same number of matches this season, how many would you expect
Bellos team to win?
c) Half way through the season Bellos team has won 4 games, lost 1 and drawn 3. He
adds these values to last years results and calculates a new probability of the team
winning.
What did Bello calculate the new probability to be?
d) Bello uses this value to estimate the number of matches he will win in the second
half of the season. What value did Bello get?
Bag A contains
12 red
16 yellow and
22 blue cubes
Bag B contains
11 red
14 yellow and
20 blue cubes
A
B
Results
Win Lose Draw
9 8 7
48
Powers
Do not use a calculator
L.8
1) This table shows the powers of 4
4
0
= 1
4
1
= 4
4
2
= 16
4
3
= 64
4
4
= 256
4
5
= 1024
4
6
= 4096
4
7
= 16384
4
8
= 65536
4
9
= 262144
4
10
= 1048576
4
11
= 4194304
4
12
= 16777216
a) Explain how the table shows that 256 1024 = 262144
b) Explain how the table shows that 64 262144 = 16777216
c) Explain how the table shows that 1048576 16384 = 64
d) Explain how the table shows that 16777216 1048576 = 16
e) Use the table to work out
f) Use the table to work out
2) 8
6
= 262144. Use this information to write down the following.
a) What is the units digit of 8
12
?
b) What is the units digit of 18
12
?
c) What could the units digit of 8
3
be?
d) What could the units digit of 18
3
be?
3) Which of the following are true? Give the correct answer when they are not, or
explain why.
a) 12
1
6
0
= 6
1
b) 2
10
4
5
= 1 c) 3
9
3
2
= 6
18
d) 7
6
7
3
= 7
9
e) 16
4
8
2
= 8
2
f) 4
2
2
4
= 8
6

g) 2
7
3
3
= 6
10
h) 4
10
2
4
= 4
8
i) 8
6
8
1
= 8
6

j) 12
3
6
3
= 2
3
k) 3
12
3
12
= 3
144
l) 8
0
8
0
= 0
4194304
16384
-----------------------
16777216
1048576
------------------------
49
Standard Form 1
L.8
1) Write down these numbers in standard form.
a) 1563 b) 2,573 c) 72,835 d) 834,000
e) 54,000 f) 3,400 g) 43,800,000 h) 243,850
i) 2,460,000 j) 243 k) 3,490,000 l) 6,700,000
2) Write down these numbers in standard form.
a) 0.0045 b) 0.0000463 c) 0.000432 d) 0.0000351
e) 0.0035 f) 0.038 g) 0.000431 h) 0.00000739
i) 0.000000342 j) 0.000629 k) 0.000273 l) 0.3
3) Change these numbers from standard form.
a) 3.5 10
3
b) 4.2 10
5
c) 1.8 10
4
d) 6.5 10
3
e) 4.61 10
4
f) 6.72 10
7
g) 4.58 10
6
h) 7.4 10
2
i) 2.67 10
5
j) 5.68 10
3
k) 4.83 10
6
l) 2.65 10
4
4) Change these numbers from standard form.
a) 4.3 10
-2
b) 5.37 10
-4
c) 2.85 10
-1
d) 5.9 10
-4
e) 6.34 10
-5
f) 5.9 10
-3
g) 8.45 10
-4
h) 6.91 10
-2
i) 6.8 10
-3
j) 3.79 10
-6
k) 6.91 10
-2
l) 9.4 10
-5
5) Write down these numbers in order of size, smallest first.
2.3 10
4
5.63 10
3
9.54 10
2
1.76 10
4
6.7 10
2
6.8 10
3
6) Write down these numbers in order of size, smallest first.
4.78 10
-2
6.78 10
-4
5.31 10
-3
9.85 10
-2
5.1 10
-3
4.2 10
-5
7) Which of the following have the same value as 4.21 10
5
?
42.1 10
6
0.421 10
6
0.0421 10
8
421000
421 10
3
4210 10
3
4210000 0.000421 10
7
8) Which of the following have the same value as 1.45 10
-6
?
0.00145 10
-4
145 10
-8
0.0000145 1,450,000
1450 10
-9
0.0000145 10
2
14.5 10
-5
14.5 10
-7
9) Which of the following have the same values as 4.83 10
4
?
4.83
4
48.3
3
(4.83 10)
4
48.3 10
3
0.483 10
5
50
Standard Form 2
L.8
1) a) If = 0.0002 write down and in standard form.
b) Calculate (i) + and (ii) + leaving your answer in standard form.
2) Calculate each of the following, leaving your answer in standard form.
a) 1.32 10
4
+ 2.31 10
4
b) 5.42 10
-2
+ 3.15 10
-2
c) 4.5 10
4
+ 2.1 10
5
d) 3.12 10
-3
+ 2.41 10
-2
e) 4.21 10
5
9.31 10
4
f) 3.21 10
-4
7.31 10
-5
3) Write down each of the following as simply as possible in standard form.
a) (2 10
3
) (3 10
3
) b) (4 10
2
) (2 10
4
)
c) (3 10
5
) (3 10
2
) d) (2.5 10
4
) (3 10
3
)
e) (4 10
2
) (3 10
7
) f) (3 10
3
) (5 10
-3
)
g) (5 10
4
) (7 10
-2
) h) (6 10
-4
) (8 10
4
)
i) (7 10
-2
) (4 10
5
) j) (5 10
6
) (8 10
-3
)
4) Write down each of the following as simply as possible in standard form.
a) b) c) d)
e) f) g) h)
i) j) k) l)
5) can be written more simply as 2 10
4
. Simplify these.
a) b) c) d)
6) can be written more simply as 4.5 10
-7
. Simplify these.
a) b) c) d)
1
5000
-------------
1
50
------
1
500
----------
1
50
------
1
500
----------
1
50
------
1
5000
-------------
10
6
10
3
---------
4 10
6
2 10
2
-------------------
3 10
4
10
3
-------------------
1.5 10
6
3 10
3
------------------------
4.5 10
7
1.5 10
3
------------------------
2.1 10
7
7 10
3
------------------------
1.8 10
9
6 10
3
------------------------
2.8 10
7
4.0 10
5
------------------------
1.3 10
5
2.6 10
3
------------------------
6.3 10
5
7 10
2
------------------------
5 10
5
2 10
2
-------------------
4.8 10
5
2.4 10
3
------------------------
4 10
2
2 10
2
---------------------
6 10
3
2 10
2
---------------------
5 10
4
2 10
3
---------------------
6 10
7
3 10
2
---------------------
8.1 10
4
9 10
2
------------------------
9 10
4
2 10
3
---------------------
9 10
2
3 10
2
---------------------
6.3 10
3
3 10
5
--------------------------
5.6 10
2
7 10
7
--------------------------
6.4 10
5
8 10
2
-------------------------
51
Question in Standard Form
L.8
1) The approximate distances of the planets from the Sun are given in the table below.
The final column compares the distance of the earth from the Sun with the distances
of the other planets from the Sun.
b) The speed of light is approximately metres per second. Use the values
above to calculate how long it takes for light to travel from the Sun to the Earth.
c) How long will it take for light to travel from the Sun to Pluto?
2) The diameter of Mars is 6.79 10
6
metres. Two man made satellites circle the planet
at different altitudes and at different velocities.
3) If 1cm is approximately equal to 0.395 inches, how many cubic centimetres are there
in 1 cubic foot? Give your answer in standard form.
Planet
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto
Distance
from the
Sun in km
5.8 10
7

1.1 10
8

1.5 10
8

2.3 10
8

7.8 10
8

1.4 10
9

4.5 10
9

5.9 10
9

Distance
compared
to Earth
1
0.39
39.3
2.9 10
9

3 10
8
The satellites are circling at heights of 150km
and 260 km above the surface of Mars.
a) What is the maximum possible distance
between the satellites?
b) What is the minimum possible distance
between the two satellites?
52
Repeated Proportional Change
L.8
1) The population of a village at the end of 1998 was 1,450. At the end of the next year
it was found to have risen by 10%. At the end of the next year it rose by a further 8%.
What was the population at the end of 2000?
2) Arlan puts 1000 into a bank account. He plans to leave it there for three years. He is
told when he puts the money in that it will grow by 5% each year.
Arlan says After 3 years I will have 1150 in the bank
a) Explain why Arlan is wrong.
b) Calculate the true amount of money Arlan will have in the bank after 3 years.
3) A car costs 8,000. At the end of the first year its value depreciates by 12%.
a) Which of the following calculations will work out its new value?
8000 1.12 8000 0.12 8000 0.88 8000 1.08
b) The next year it will depreciate in value by a further 9%. What calculation must be
carried out in order to find its new value?
c) What is its value at the end of the second year?
4) A business employed 2000 people at the end of 1995. The table below shows the
number of employees at the end of subsequent years.
a) Which of the following is used to calculate the number of employees in the
company at the end of 1998?
2000 0.3 2000 1.3 (2000 1.1)
3
2000 1.1
3
2000 3.3
b) Calculate the number of people employed by the company at the end of 1998.
5) Two people go to a restaurant. The food costs 60. To that is added a service charge
of 10%. To the new total a tax (VAT) of 17 % added.
a) Which of the following calculations will work out their final bill?
60 2.275 60 1.2925 60 1.275 60 2.2925
b) Explain how this calculation is arrived at.
End of 1995
End of 1996
End of 1997
End of 1998
2000
10% more
10% more
10% more
1
2
---
53
Calculating the Original Amount
L.8
1) A bicycle shop increases all its prices by 12%. One of their bicycles now costs
134.40. What was its price before the increase?
2) A company reduced its number of employees by a tenth to 675. How many
employees did they have before the reduction?
3) At the end of the season a garden centre reduced the prices of all its spring plants
by 40%. If a plant now costs 7.50, what was its price before the sale?
4) A shop had a sale. All its prices were reduced by 10%. A coat costs 63 in the sale.
What was its price before the sale?
5) A length of wood has cut away. It now measures 85cm. What was the original
length of the wood?
6) The cost of a rail journey is increased by 4% to 7.80. What was its cost before the
increase in price?
7) A crowd of 38,270 at a Premier Division football match was 14% fewer than the
previous week. How many went to the previous weeks match?
8) Kamala gives half of her weekly wages to her mum for her keep. One third of the
remainder she saves and the rest, 54, she spends on herself. How much money
does Kamala earn in a week?
9) The height of a tree increased by 16% over a period of a year to 6.93 metres.
Bob wants to calculate its height at the beginning of the year.
a) Which of the following calculations should he do?
6.93 1.16 6.93 0.84 6.93 1.16 6.93 0.84
b) What was the height of the tree at the beginning of the year?
10) Gwyneth invested some money in a bank account. She left the money in for two
years. At the end of the first year her investment had interest of 4% added to it.
At the end of the second year a further 4% was added to it. She then had 1,622.40
in her account.
a) Calculate the amount in her account at the end of the first year.
b) What was her original investment?
3
8
---
54
Proportion
L.8
1) The table below shows the population of two towns, Greystock and Thrusham in
1980 and 2000.
a) In Greystock the population fell by 15.4% between 1980 and 2000.
What was the population in Greystock in 2000?
b) In Thrusham the population increased between 1980 and 2000.
Calculate the percentage increase to 1 decimal place.
c) Between 1980 and 2000 the population of two other towns, Kinster and
Flockborough increased by the same amount. The percentage increase in Kinster
was greater than the percentage increase in Flockborough.
Which of the following statements below is true?
In 1980 the population in Kinster was higher than in Flockborough
In 1980 the population in Kinster was lower than in Flockborough
In 1980 the population in Kinster was the same as that in Flockborough
From the information given you cannot say whether Kinster or Flockborough
had the higher population
2) A company makes laptop computers and mobile phones. The table below shows the
value of their sales in thousands of pounds for 1994 and 2000.
a) What was the percentage increase in the value of the companys laptop computer
sales between 1994 and 2000?
b) The companys sales of mobile phones increased by 2400% between 1994 and
2000. What was the value of their sales in 2000?
c) What proportion of their 1994 sales were mobile phones?
d) What proportion of their 2000 sales were mobile phones?
Greystock
Thrusham
1980 2000
43,520
27,840 36,480
Laptop Computers
Mobile Phones
1994 2000
11,200
1,400
14,300
55
Letters and %
L.8
1) A length of string is xcm. Another piece measures x + 5cm. If the second piece is
20% longer than the first, calculate the value of x.
2) In 1998 the cost of a bus fare was x pence. In 1999 it increased by 10%.
a) What was its price in 1999 in terms of x?
In 2000 the price increased by a further 8%.
b) What was the new price in terms of x?
c) If a bus ticket cost 1.50 in 1998, how much did it cost in 2000? (correct to the
nearest penny)
3) A length of string measuring y centimetres is cut in half. One of the pieces is
discarded and the other is cut into thirds. Two of these pieces are discarded and
the remaining one is cut in half.
a) What is the length of one of these pieces in terms of y?
b) If the original length of string was 600cms, what were the lengths of each of the
two final pieces of string?
4) The length of a rectangular piece of wood is xcm and its width is ycm.
The rectangle is made smaller by cutting 20% off its length and 10% from its width.
a) By what percentage does its area decrease?
Another piece of wood with the same dimensions has 10% cut from its length and
20% cut from its width.
b) By what percent does its area decrease?
c) If the original length was 150cm and its width was 40cm, calculate their final areas
in each case.
5) The population of a town in 1998 was n people. During 1999 the population
increased by 8%. During 2000 the population decreased by 2%.
What was the population of the town at the end of 2000 as a percentage of n?
6) A rectangle has a length of xcm and a width of ycm.
a) What is its area in terms of x and y?
Another rectangle has the same area, but its width is 10% greater.
b) By what percentage is its length smaller?
A rectangle measures 110cm by 100cm.
c) What are the dimensions of a rectangle having the same area with one side 10%
greater?
56
Substitution
L.8
1) If a = 0.25, b = 2.58, c = 4.25 and d = 0.24 calculate the value of each of the
following giving your answer correct to 2 decimal places wherever necessary.
a) a + c b) b + d c) a c d) a d
e) 2c + 3b f) 2a 2b g) 3a + 7b h) 4a 3b
i) (c a)
2
j) k) l) 3
m) 3b(a + b)
2
n) o) 2a 3(b + c) p)
q) r) s) 4c(b d)
2
t)
u) 3c + 4(a d) v) w) 2c(b a)
2
x)
2) The solution to the quadratic equation ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 can be found by using the
equation:-
x =
For example, the solution to 2x
2
+ 6x 1 = 0 is:-
x = =
= = or
so x = 0.16 or -3.16 correct to 2 decimal places
i.e. the quadratic has two solutions, either x = 0.16 or x = -3.16
Use the formula x = to solve the following quadratics
a) 2x
2
7x + 6 = 0 b) 2x
2
x 10 = 0 c) x
2
+ x 12 = 0
d) x
2
4x 3 = 0 e) 4x
2
7x + 1 = 0 f) 10x
2
+ 2x 7 = 0
g) 2x
2
7x 3 = 0 h) 3x
2
5x + 1 = 0 i) 5x
2
+ 4x 7 = 0
j) x
2
5x + 3 = 0 k) 3x
2
4x 2 = 0 l) 9x
2
x 8 = 0
c
2
a
2
+ b
2
c + c d +
a
2
b
2
+
c
2
------------------
2b 2 b
2
c
2
+ ( )
a
2
---------------------------------------
3b 2 a
2
b
2
+ ( )
c
2
----------------------------------------
b c
2
+
d
2
---------------
d 4 a
2
d
2
+ ( ) +
b
2
------------------------------------
c a
2
3bc
3
-----------------------------------
3 a
2
d
2
+ ( )
c
------------------------------
b b
2
4ac
2a
----------------------------------------
6 36 4 2 1 ( )
2 2
-------------------------------------------------------------
6 36 8 +
4
----------------------------------
6 44
4
-------------------------
6 6.633 +
4
-----------------------------
6 6.633
4
----------------------------
b b
2
4ac
2a
----------------------------------------
57
How many Solutions?
L.8
1) Equations can have different numbers of outcomes. For example:-
2x 1 = 5 has one solution, x = 3
3x 2 = 2x 2 + x is correct for all numbers
x
2
= 9 has 2 solutions, 3 and -3
Say whether the following are true for (i) one value, (ii) two values or (iii) all values of x
a) x + 4 = 12 b) 2x 3 = 13 c) x
2
= 25
d) x = 19 e) = 7 f) x = 3x + 4
g) = 6 h) 3x
2
17 = 54 i) =
j) = k) 4 + 6x = 12 l) x
2
= 41
m) x = 17 n) 33 x
2
= 6 o) 3x + 17 = 4x + 10 x + 7
p) 2x
2
= 98 q) = 7 r) x
2
7 = 32
s) 2x + 3 = 3x 1 t) 3x 2 = 2x + 3 u) = 3
2) Calculate the values of x which satisfy the following equations.
a) x
2
= 100 b) x
2
7 = 18 c) 54 x
2
= 5
d) x
2
+ 17 = 138 e) 84 x
2
= 20 f) 14 + x
2
= 95
g) (x + 3)
2
= 100 h) (10 x)
2
= 16 i) (4 + x)
2
= 121
j) = 3 k) = 12 l) = 15
m) = 7 n) 9 = 0 o) 20 = 0
p) = x + 2 q) = x 4 r) = 4 + x
3) Which of the following equations have only one solution?
a) x
2
= 63 b) x
2
+ 16 = 16 c) 23 x
2
= 4
d) x
2
+ 24 = 96 e) 53 x
2
= 27 f) 34 + x
2
= 34
g) = 1 h) = 19 i) = 15
j) = 7 k) 8 = 0 l) 9 = 0
3
4
---
x
2
4 +
3
---------------
2x 1
2
----------------
5x 7
3
----------------
x 1
2
------------
2x 1
2
----------------
4x 2
4
----------------
1
3
---
x 4 +
3
------------
x
2
9
4
---------------
x
2
4
4
---------------
x
2
11 +
3
------------------
3x
2
15
4
----------------------
2x
2
3 +
5
-------------------
x
2
10
6
-----------------
5x
2
20
3
----------------------
25
x 2 +
------------
100
x 4
------------
36
x 4 +
------------
x
2
4 +
4
---------------
x
2
9 +
5
---------------
5x
2
1
4
------------------
2x
2
35 +
5
----------------------
x
2
9
5
---------------
3x
2
27 +
3
----------------------
58
Formulae
L.8
1) Rearrange the following formulae to make the letter in the brackets the subject.
a) A = LB (L) b) = (C) c) y = (a)
d) v = u + at (u) e) v = u + at (a) f) y = x(a + b) (x)
g) y = x(a + b) (b) h) A = r
2
(r) i) I = xy (w)

4)
a) What is the volume of a cone whose height is h and base radius is r?
b) What is the volume of a cone whose height and base diameter d are equal?
c) What is the volume of a pyramid with a base of sides x and y and height h?
d) What is the volume of a pyramid with a base of sides x and a height of 2x?
In each case simplify your answer as far as possible.
C
D
----
x
a
---
w
r
h
The volume of a cylinder is calculated with the
formula V = r
2
h.
a) If r = , substitute this in the formula and simplify
your answer.
b) If the height of the cylinder is the same as the
radius, what is its volume in terms of the diameter?
d
2
---
2)
d
a
b
h
This regular trapezial prism has a height of h
centimetres and a depth of d centimetres. The
two opposite edges of the trapezium are a and
b centimetres.
The volume of this shape is given by the
formula:-
V = (a + b)dh
a) What is its volume if the height and depth
are equal?
b) What is its volume if a, d and h are equal
and a = b? Give your answer in terms of a.
1
2
---
1
2
---
3)
The formula for calculating the volume
of a prism or cone like these is
Volume = area of base height
1
3
---
59
Simultaneous Equation Problems
L.8
1) In September, the maths department bought 5 reams of lined paper and 2 reams of
graph paper for 25.
In January, they bought 6 reams of lined paper and 4 reams of graph paper for 38.
Write down two simultaneous equations, letting x represent the cost of a ream of
lined paper and y the cost of a ream of graph paper. Use these equations to
calculate the values of x and y.
In May they bought 6 reams of lined paper and 2 reams of graph paper. What did it
cost?
2) Mrs. Jenkins buys 5kg of potatoes and 3kg of carrots for 1.38.
Mr Parry buys 8kg of potatoes and 4kg of carrots for 2.04.
Letting x represent the cost of the potatoes and y the cost of the carrots, write down
two simultaneous equations.
Showing all your workings, calculate the values of x and y.
What will Mr Pugh have to pay for 7kg of potatoes and 2kg of carrots?
3) Dean has a number of small weights all of the same mass, and some larger weights
all of the same mass. He tries to calculate their sizes by weighing them against
two packets of cheese he has. The 220g block of cheese weighs the same as 4
small weights and 3 large weights. The 250g block of cheese weighs the same as 2
small weights and 5 large weights.
Letting x represent the mass of a small weight and y the mass of a large weight,
write down two simultaneous equations.
Use the equations to calculate the masses of the two sizes of weights.
4) A quiz game has two types of question, hard and easy.
Team A answers 3 hard questions and 5 easy questions correctly to get 25 points.
Team B answers 4 hard questions and 2 easy questions correctly to get 24 points.
Write down two simultaneous equations using h to represent the points scored
for answering a hard question correctly and e to represent the points scored
when answering an easy question correctly.
Use the equations to calculate the values of h and e.
Team C answers 6 hard questions correctly and 1 easy question correctly.
How many points do they score?
250g
220g
60
Equations from Experimental Data
L.8
1) A garage hires out a minibus. The daily charge is shown in the table below.
b) Write down an equation for C, the cost to hire the bus, in terms of the number of
days d it is hired for.
C = ....
c) Use the formula to calculate the cost of hiring the minibus for 10 days.
d) How many days can the bus be hired for it to cost 445?
2) Water is put into a large tank through a hosepipe. The supply of water entering the
tank never varies. The tank has a circular cross section and its sides are vertical.
The tank has some water in it before the hosepipe is turned on. The table below
shows the depth of the water at 5 minute intervals.
b) Write down an equation linking the depth of water D to the time taken t minutes.
D = ....
c) Use the formula to calculate the depth of water in the tank after it has been running
for 22 minutes.
d) The tank has a depth of 130 centimetres. How long will it take to fill the tank?
3) A metal container is to be designed in the shape of a cylinder, open at the top. Its
capacity is to be 10 litres. The table below shows the values of heights and base
areas that give a 10 litre capacity.
b) Write down an equation linking the capacity of the can, C litres, to the height of
the can, Hcm, and the area of the base, Acm
2
.
C = ....
c) The size which the designer chooses has a base area of 400cm
2
. What is its
height?
d) Another can is designed so that its height and diameter are equal. Calculate its
height, correct to the nearest 0.1mm.
Number of days d
Cost in pounds C
1 2 3
4 5 6
45 70 95
Time in minutes t
Depth in cm D
5 10 15
20 25 30
23 38 53
Height of Can H cm
Area of Base A cm
2
10 50 200
500 100
61
Solving Equations
L.8
a) 4(x + 3) + 4 = 20 b) 2(x 1) + 7 = 23
c) 5(x 2) 6 = 24 d) 3(x + 5) + x = 35
e) 2(x 2) x = 2 f) x + 5(x + 4) = 80
g) 3x + 3(3x 2) = 54 h) 4(x + 2) 2x = 22
i) 2(2x + 3) 5x = 6 j) 3(x + 2) 2(3x 5) = 14
k) 2(x + 2) + 3(x + 1) = 57 l) 4(x 2) 2(x + 3) = 2
m) 3(x + 4) = 5(x + 2) n) 4(2x + 3) = 9(2x 2)
o) 3(11x 7) = 5(4x + 1) p) 7(3x + 1) = 8(3x 1)
a) b) c)
d) e) f)
g) h) i)
j) k) l)
m) n) o)
p) q) r)
a) b) c)
d) e) f)
g) h) i)
j) k) l)
m) n) o)
x 2
3
= 2
x 1
4
= 3
x + 3
4
= 1
2x + 4
2
= 6
3x 6
3
= 3
3x + 2
5
= 10
2x + 2
3
= x
5x 6
7
= x
4x + 1
6
= x
10 + x
3
= 2x
18 3x
2
= 3x
14 + x
2
= 4x
2x
2x 3
= 4
6 2x
5x
= 2
16 + x
3x
= 3
3x
2x 4
= 3
3x
x + 1
= 5
10 + x
3x
= 2
x 2
2
= 2 +
x + 4
2
x + 1
3
= 3 +
x + 3
3
x 1
5
= 4 +
x + 7
5
2x 4
4
= 7 +
x + 3
4
x + 3
6
= 8 +
4x + 5
6
5x 1
4
= 8 +
x + 9
4
x 4
2
= 8 +
x + 1
4
x + 3
3
= 5 +
x + 3
6
x 2
4
= 6 +
x + 4
2
x 6
2
=
x + 2
4
x + 1
2
=
x + 5
3
x 1
3
=
x + 2
4
2x 4
2
=
3x + 6
5
x + 2
3
=
2x + 1
4
4x 3
3
=
2x + 4
2
62
Factorising Expressions
L.8
1) If a
2
b
2
= (a b)(a + b), factorise each of the following and simplify further
wherever possible.
a) x
2
y
2
b) m
2
n
2
c) c
2
d
2
d) x
2
2
2
e) m
2
3
2
f) c
2
4
2
g) x
2
9 h) m
2
16 i) c
2
25
j) 23
2
17
2
k) 37
2
23
2
l) 46
2
44
2
m) 9x
2
y
2
n) 16m
2
n
2
o) 25c
2
d
2
p) 25x
2
4y
2
q) 36m
2
9n
2
r) 81c
2
25d
2
s) b
2
1 t) a
2
b
2
9 u) a
2
b
2
1
2) Simplify each of the following by first finding common factors.
a) a + b b) ab + a c) xy y
d) x + x
2
e) a
2
+ ab f) b
2
b
g) a + ab h) ab b
2
i) y
2
y
j) a + ab k) 4a
2
b + ab
2
l) a
2
+ a
m) b + b
2
n) a + a
2
o) x + x
2

p) ab b q) x
2
xy r) b b
2
3) Factorise each of the following expressions.
a) b) c) +
d) + e) + f) +
g) h) i)
j) + k) + l) +
m) + n) + o) +
p) + q) + r) +
s) t) + u) + a
2

1
2
---
1
2
---
1
3
---
1
3
---
1
4
---
1
4
---
1
2
1
4
1
5
1
2
---
1
4
---
1
2
---
1
4
---
1
2
---
1
2
---
3
4
1
2
1
2
1
4
1
2
---
1
4
---
1
3
---
2
3
---
1
2
---
3
4
1
4
3
8
1
8
7
8
1
4
a
2
---
b
2
---
bc
5
------
b
5
---
ab
4
-------
b
4
---
a
2
ab
4
ab
4
a
8
2a
3
b
6
a
4
---
ab
4
-------
xy
2
------
y
2
---
y
2
4
-----
y
4
---
b
2
3a
4
5a
8
ab
4
x
2
2
xy
4
a
2
b
2
a
4
ab
2
2
ab
4
xy
2
xyz
4
a
2
ab
4
a
2
a
4
2
a
2
2
a
4
c
2
---
c
2
4
-----
3y
2
4
--------
xy
4
------
a
2
---
ab
2
-------
63
Triangular Numbers
L.8
The arrangements of discs below show the square numbers.
a) What are the next two numbers of discs in the sequence?
The equation for finding the number of discs in an arrangement is
D = n
2

where D is the number of discs and n is the sequence position
b) Write down the 2 values of n for the inequality:-
1000 < D < 1100
Grace wants to find an equation for triangular numbers. She says that she can do this
by considering the square numbers. The grey discs below represent the series of
triangular numbers. Grace has taken some discs away from the square sequence to
get the triangular sequence.
c) Which of the following equations represent the white discs?
Grace now writes this equation for the sequence of triangular numbers.
d) Show how Grace gets this result.
9 discs
16 discs
1 disc
4 discs
Sequence position n 1 2
3
4
1 grey disc
3 grey discs
1 white disc 6 grey discs
3 white discs 10 grey discs
6 white discs
W =
1
2
n(n 1)
W =
1
2
n
2
1
1
2
n
2
n
W =
W =
1
2
n(n
2
n)
W =
1
2
n(n
2
1)
W =
1
2
n(n + 1)
1
2
(n
2
+ n)
G =
64
The Graph of y = x
2
L.8
x
y
.
4
A
B C
D
.
.
.
1) The diagram on the right shows the graph
of y = x
2
and its reflection in the x axis.
Write down the co-ordinates of the points
A, B, C and D.
x
y
.
4
A B
.
2) The diagram on the right shows the graphs of
y = x
2
and y = (x 4)
2
.
Write down the co-ordinates of the points A
and B.
y = x
2
and its reflection in the line x = -2.
a) Write down the co-ordinates of the points
A and B.
b) What is the equation of the reflected graph?
x
y
.
-2
B
A
.
y = x
2
and its reflection in the line y = 9.
of intersection of the two graphs.
b) What is the equation of the reflection? x
y
y = 9
y = x
2
and its translation 2 units in the y direction.
A and B.
b) What is the equation of the translated graph?
x
y
.
-2
B A
.
65
Inequality Questions
L.8
1) A number in the series 0, 0, 1, 3, 6... can be calculated by using the expression
where n is a whole number.
For example the 10th number in the series is = 36
a) By using a trial and improvement method, calculate the three values of n which
satisfy the inequality:-
500 < < 600
b) By using a trial and improvement method, calculate the smallest number in the
series which satisfies the inequality:-
> 1500
c) By comparing and , write down the first 5 numbers in
the series formed by the expression . Check your answers by
substitution.
2) A number in the series 0, 2, 9, 24, 50... can be calculated by using the expression
where n is a whole number.
For example the 10th number in the series is = 450
a) By using a trial and improvement method, calculate the two values of n which
satisfy the inequality:-
5000 < < 6000
b) By using a trial and improvement method, calculate the smallest number in the
series which satisfies the inequality:-
> 100,000
c) By comparing and , write down the first 5 numbers in the
series formed by the expression . Check your answers by substitution.
n 1 ( ) n 2 ( )
2
-----------------------------------
9 8
2
------------
n 1 ( ) n 2 ( )
2
-----------------------------------
n 1 ( ) n 2 ( )
2
-----------------------------------
n 1 ( ) n 2 ( )
2
-----------------------------------
n 2 ( ) n 3 ( )
2
-----------------------------------
n 2 ( ) n 3 ( )
2
-----------------------------------
n
2
n 1 ( )
2
-----------------------
100 10 1 ( )
2
-------------------------------
n
2
n 1 ( )
2
-----------------------
n
2
n 1 ( )
2
-----------------------
n
2
n 1 ( )
2
-----------------------
n
3
n 1 ( )
2
-----------------------
n
3
n 1 ( )
2
-----------------------
66
Areas Bounded by Curves
L.8
x
y
-2
y = x
2
2.
Which of the two inequalities below can be used
to describe the shaded area below the x axis?
y > x
2
y < 0 y > 2
y > x
2
2 y 2 > x
2
x
y
7
2) The diagram on the right show the graphs of
y = 7 x
2
.
to describe the shaded area above the x axis?
x < 0 y > 0 y < 0
y > 7 x
2
y < 7 x
2
x
y
y = 4
3) The diagram on the right shows the graph of
y = x
2
and the line y = 4
to describe the shaded area above the x axis?
y < 4 x < 4 y > 4
y < x
2
y > x
2
x
y 4) The diagram on the right shows the graph of
y = (x + 2)
2
and the line y = 9
Which three of the inequalities below can be used
to describe the shaded area to the left of the y axis?
y < 9 x < 0 y > 9 x < -2
y < (x + 2)
2
y < x
2
y > (x + 2)
2
y = 9
x
y 5) The diagram on the right shows the graph of
y = -(x
2
+ 5) and the lines x = -4 and x = 4.
Which four of the inequalities below can be used
to describe the shaded area below the x axis?
x > 4 y < 0 x < -4 x > -4 x < 4
y < -(x
2
+ 5) y < x
2
y > -(x
2
+ 5)
-4
4
67
Pythagoras etc
L.8
1)
2)
3)
c
a
a
In this right angled triangle two
sides are of the same length.
(i) Show that a =
(ii) What is the area of the
triangle in terms of c?
2
c
a)
b)
This diagram shows a regular octagon
with each side measuring c centimetres.
Using the result from part a, calculate its
area in terms of c.
c
2a
The diagram shows an equilateral triangle
with sides of 2a.
a) Show that the length of the perpendicular
AB is
b) Write down the area of the triangle in
terms of a
3 a
A
B
This regular hexagon has sides of 6
centimetres.
c) Use the results above to calculate
its area
6
100cm
100cm
50cm
50cm
40cm
40cm
Calculate the area of this kite.
68
Areas
L.8
1) Calculate the areas of the shaded parts of these shapes.
2)
3)
12.5cm
8cm
12cm
a) b)
The diagram shows a circle with a sector shaded
in. The angle of the sector at the centre is 60
and the radius of the circle is 12cm.
a) What fraction of the circle has been shaded
in?
b) What is the area of the circle?
c) What is the area of the sector?
110
This diagram shows two concentric circles of
radii 9cm and 10.5cm. A sector with a centre
angle of 110 cuts the circles.
d) Calculate the area of the shaded part.
9cm
10.5
cm
12cm
A
B
O
The diagram on the left shows a
circle of radius 12cm and a square
with diagonals of 24cm. The corners
of the square touch the circle.
a) Calculate the area of the triangle
AOB.
b) Calculate the area of the shaded
part of the circle.
69
Areas and Perimeters
L.8
1)
2)
3)
3a
4a
The two circles shown in the diagram have
diameters of 3a and 4a. Their edges touch
and their diameters are on the same line.
Show that the area of the shaded part is
a
2 7
4
---
a
a
x
The diagram shows a circle of radius a
centimetres. The sector has a right angle
at the centre of the circle.
a) What is the area of the sector in terms
of a?
b) Show that the length of the chord x is
a
c) Show that the area of the shaded
segment is ( 2)
2
a
2
4
------
4a
A
B
3a
This shape is made up of 4 semicircles.
Show that the distance from A to B,
along the curve, is 5a centimetres.
a
a
70
Volume
L.8
1) A biscuit packet is in the shape of an octagonal prism. One end of the packet is
shown. Four sides are each 4cm long. The height of the packet is 8cm and its width
is 8cm. The other four sides are equal. It is filled with round flat biscuits.
a) What is the area of the end of the packet?
b) What is the maximum diameter of the biscuits that are put in the packet?
c) A packet holds 25 biscuits. Each biscuit is 6mm thick. What is the volume of the
packet?
d) What percentage of the packet is taken up with biscuits?
e) The packets are put into cuboid shaped boxes designed to hold 100 packets.
What is the size of the box? (You may ignore the thickness of the packaging)
2) Part of a childs toy is a plastic peg in the shape of a cylinder with a square hole
through the middle. The minimum dimension between the hole and the outside is
1 centimetre.
The sides of the square are 3cm.
a) Use Pythagoras theorem to calculate the diameter of the peg.
b) What is the area of the end of the peg? (The shaded part of the first diagram)
c) If the peg is 10cm long, what volume of plastic is needed to make the peg?
d) If 1cm
3
of the plastic has a mass of 0.93g, calculate the mass of one of the pegs.
e) If a batch of 125 pegs are made, what will be the total mass of plastic needed?
4cm
4cm
4cm
4cm
8cm
8cm
1cm
3cm
71
Congruent Triangles
L.8
1) Which three of these triangles are congruent?
2) Which three of these triangles are congruent?
4.1cm 5.1cm
4.2cm
4.1cm
5.1cm
4.2cm
4.1cm 5.1cm
4.2cm
5.2cm
4.3cm
4.2cm
5.8cm
4.4cm
4.5cm
4.3cm
4.3cm
5.0cm
5.0cm
4.3cm
4.4cm
5.1cm
5.0cm
6.0cm
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
60
7cm
6cm
60
7cm
60
7cm
6cm
60
7cm
6cm
60
6cm
60
60
6cm
6cm 7cm
7cm
6cm
75
60
6cm
50
a
b
c d
e
f
g
h
60 60
60
60
60
54
54
54
54
54
66 66
66
5
5
5
6
7
7
7
6
5
6
5
Which, if any, of the following statements
are true for these diagrams?
(i) Triangles c, e and h are congruent.
(ii) Triangles b, c and h are congruent.
(iii) Triangles a and g are congruent.
(iv) Triangles c, d and e are congruent.
(v) Triangles b and h are congruent.
(vi) Triangles a, c and h are congruent.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g h
3)
72
Similar Triangles
L.8
20cm
34cm
28cm
x
32cm
y
1)
These triangles are similar. Calculate:-
a) The length of x
b) The length of y
a a b b
A
B C
X
Y
In the triangle ABC, XY is parallel to
BC and half its length
a) What is the size of angle ZXY?
b) What is the size of angle XYZ?
c) How many similar triangles are
there in this diagram?
d) If the length of AB is 300cm, what
is the length of YZ?
e) If the length of BZ is 140cm, what is
the length of BC?
Z
2)
A
B
C
D
E
450cm
250cm
400cm
350cm
In this shape, AB is parallel to CD.
a) Which angle is equal to angle ABE?
b) Which angle is equal to angle ADC?
c) Calculate the length of AE.
d) Calculate the length of BE.
3)
73
Angles
L.8
4x
The diagram shows a rectangle with
its diagonals. Two angles of x and
4x are indicated.
Calculate the size of the angle
marked a in terms of x.
a
x
1)
A
B
C
D
In this shape, AC = BC and AB = AD
Two angles, x and 3x are marked.
Calculate the size of angle x.
x
3x
2)
A
B
C
D
E
The diagram shows a kite ABCD. Triangle
ABE is similar to triangle BEC.
Two angles of size 4x and 11x are shown.
a) Calculate the size of x.
b) What are the sizes of the four angles of
the kite? 4x
11x
3)
A
B
C
D
E
F
In the diagram, DE is parallel to BC
and FD is parallel to CA.
Three angles of 6x and 4x and 7x
are shown. Angle EFC is twice angle
DBF.
Calculate the sizes of the angles of
triangle DEF.
4x
6x
7x
4)
74
Sine, Cosine and Tangent Ratios
L.8
1) In each of the following right angled triangles, calculate the size of the unknown
side x. Write down your answer correct to the nearest 0.1mm.
2) In each of the following right angled triangles, calculate the size of the unknown
angle x. Write down your answer correct to the nearest 0.1.
3)
6cm
27
65
21
18
32
54
71
5cm
15cm
13cm
7cm
14cm
5cm
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
7cm
4cm
9cm
8cm
8cm
7cm
3cm
6cm
9.4cm
8.5cm
7.3cm
5.9cm
24cm
25cm
a)
b) c)
d)
e)
f) g)
12cm
6cm
5cm
5cm
x
Calculate the size of the angle marked x.
75
Bearings
L.8
1) In the diagram below, calculate:-
a) The bearing of Port Benon from the lighthouse.
b) The bearing of the lighthouse from port Benon.
2) Baz stands on Angus Cliff and observes a ship and Regis Head through his
binoculars.
a) What is the bearing of the ship from Angus Cliff?
b) What is the bearing of Regis head from Angus Cliff?
Sea
Lighthouse
N
2.5km
1.8km
Port Benon
Land
Land
Sea
N
Ship
Regis Head
Angus Cliff
4.7km
3.9km
3.1km
3.6km
76
Calculating Lengths in Triangles
L.8
1) The diagram below shows a kite.
2) In the shape below, two right angled triangles ADB and DBC make a third right
angled triangle ABC.
3) The triangle ABC has two angles of 48 and 35. Its height is 16cm. Calculate the
length of its side BC.
35
19cm
63
Calculate:-
a) The length of EB.
b) The length of AE.
c) The length of DE.
d) What are the lengths of its
diagonals?
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
3cm
5cm
x
a) Calculate the size of the angle
marked x.
b) What is the size of angle ABD?
c) Calculate the length of AD.
35
48
16cm
A
B
C
77
More Similarity
L.8
1) The diagram shows an equilateral triangle with sides measuring acm. The
perpendicular height of this triangle is hcm.
a) Use your knowledge of Pythagoras theorem to calculate the value of h in terms
of a.
b) A tetrahedron is made from four of these triangles. What is the surface area of the
tetrahedron in terms of a?
c) A tetrahedron has edges of length 12cm. Calculate its surface area.
d) Another tetrahedron has edges of length 2acms. What is the ratio of the surface
area of the tetrahedron with sides of acm to that of this larger one?
2) The diagram below shows two spheres, one with a radius of acms and the other
with a radius of 2acms.
a) The surface area of the smaller sphere is A
s
= a
2
. What is the surface area, A
l
,
of the larger sphere?
b) The volume of the smaller sphere is V
s
= a
3
.
Write down a formula for the volume V
l
of the larger sphere.
c) The diameter of a sphere is 24cms. Calculate its surface area and volume.
d) The diameter of a small sphere is 2cm and that of a large sphere is 7cm. Explain
why the ratio of their surface areas is 4 : 49.
e) A sphere has a radius of 15cm and a larger sphere has a radius of 20cm. Explain
why the ratio of their volumes is 27 : 64.
h
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
2a
1
6
---
78
The Cricket Scores
L.8
a) In the Barsetshire cricket league, the teams play two games a week for 20 weeks.
The frequency table below shows the scores of Eggwold Cricket Club for 2001.
Copy and complete the cumulative frequency graph for Eggwold.
b) The diagram below shows the cumulative frequency curve for Eggwolds arch rival
Feldown. Use it to complete the frequency table for their scores.
c) Which team had the better median score?
d) Calculate approximate values for the mean scores for both teams. Which team had
the highest mean score?
Runs Scored
Number
> 50 and 100
> 300 and 350
> 250 and 300
> 100 and 150
> 150 and 200
> 200 and 250
1
3
11
17
6
2
of
Games
50 100 150 200 250 300 350
10
20
30
40
Cumulative Frequency Graph
50 100 150 200 250 300 350
10
20
30
40
Runs Scored
Number
> 50 and 100
> 300 and 350
> 250 and 300
> 100 and 150
> 150 and 200
> 200 and 250
2
of
Games
79
Cumulative Frequency 1
L.8
1) The graph below shows the cumulative frequency distribution of the marks scored
by 50 pupils in a mathematics examination. The marks are out of 100.
From the graph estimate the following
a) What is the median mark?
b) How many pupils got more than 40%?
c) How many pupils got more than 59%?
2) The pupils in 9W were asked how much pocket money they were given each week.
The results are shown on the frequency graphs below.
a) Complete the cumulative frequency graph.
b) Use the graph to estimate the median amount of pocket money the class gets.
c) Estimate the percentage of pupils who get more than 10 per week.
Mark
Cumulative
50
100
Frequency
25
50 0
8
11
6
4
1
0
-4
4
-8
8-
12
12
-16
16
-20
Cumulative
Frequency
30
Pocket Money
20 4 8 12 16
Pocket Money
15
0
Number
of Pupils
80
L.8
1) The cumulative frequency graph shows the heights of 30 pupils in a class.
a) Which of the four frequency graphs on the right shows this information?
b) Draw a cumulative frequency graph for each of the other three frequency graphs.
2) The manufacturer of a new chemical fertiliser says that plants will produce at least
5% more fruit when fed on it.
They do an experiment to test this statement on two sets of plants.
One set they give the fertiliser to, but the second set they dont.
The diagram below shows cumulative frequency curves for the two sets of plants.
a) Which graph, A or B, represents the plants which have had fertiliser?
b) What is the median amount of fruit picked from each group of plants?
c) What was the range of weights for each of the two groups?
d) Do you think that they are justified in claiming a 5% increase in production?
Explain your answer.
A
B
C
D
Cumulative Frequency Graph
5
10
15
20
25
30
150cm
120cm
Amount of Fruit per Plant
50
7
25
6 5
in kg
Number
of Plants
0
A
B
81
L.8
1) 100 pupils from year 9 were asked what time they got out of bed last Saturday
morning. The results are shown in the tables below.
a) Use table A to show that the mean time they got out of bed was approximately
09:15
b) Complete the cumulative frequency table for the data.
c) Draw a cumulative graph for the data.
d) From your graph estimate the median time the pupils got out of bed.
2) A computer shop sells 70 different kinds of games. The frequency graph below
shows their prices.
a) Show that the mean price of a computer game in the shop is approximately
19.93
b) Complete the cumulative frequency table for the data.
c) Draw a cumulative frequency graph and from it estimate the median price of the
computer games.
06:00 time < 07:00
07:00 time < 08:00
08:00 time < 09:00
09:00 time < 10:00
10:00 time < 11:00
Frequency Time
2
8
23
47
20
06:00
07:00
10:00
08:00
09:00
11:00
Cumulative
Frequency
0
2
10
Table A
Table B
7
11
20
16
8
5
3
>5
10
>10 >15 >20 >25 >30 >35
15 20 25 30 35 40
Cumulative
Frequency
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0
7
18
82
Probability 1
L.8
1) Tony has fair die. He rolls it and records the result.
a) What is the probability of him getting a 3 when he rolls it once?
b) What is the probability of him getting two 3s when he rolls it twice?
c) What is the probability of him getting three 3s when he rolls it three times?
d) What is the probability of him getting a 2 followed by a 1 when he rolls it twice?
e) What is the probability of him not getting a 4 when he rolls it twice?
2) I have two bags containing coloured discs.
Discs are withdrawn from the bags.
a) What is the probability of withdrawing a yellow disc from bag 1?
b) What is the probability of withdrawing a yellow disc from bag 2?
c) I withdraw two discs, one from bag 1 and one from bag 2. Which of the calculations
below shows the probability of getting a white disc followed by a red disc?

d) Chen takes a disc from bag 1 then a disc from bag 2. What is the probability
that he takes a yellow disc each time?
3) In 7D there are 14 boys and 12 girls. In 7F there are 13 boys and 15 girls. Two people
are to be chosen at random by the head of year, one from each group.
a) What is the probability that they are both boys?
b) What is the probability that they are both girls?
c) What is the probability that one boy and one girl are chosen?
4) At the inter-schools athletics meeting, Goma is entered for the 200 metres and the
high jump finals. She knows from past experience that her chance of winning the
200 metres is 0.6 and her chance of winning the high jump is 0.3.
a) What is her chance of winning both events?
b) What is her chance of winning just the high jump?
c) What is her chance of winning just the 200 metres?
d) What is her chance of winning at least one of the events?
Bag 1
Bag 2
Bag 1 contains
3 red discs
3 yellow discs
6 white discs
Bag 2 contains
4 red discs
5 yellow discs
2 white discs
2
11
------
1
22
------
2
11
------
1
22
------ +
6
12
------
4
11
------
6
12
------
4
11
------ +
83
Probability 2
L.8
1) In a class of 28 pupils, some have brothers, some have sisters, some have both and
some have neither. The diagram below shows this. There are 7 pupils who have
both brothers and sisters.
a) How many pupils have a brother?
b) What is the probability that a pupil, chosen at random, will have a brother?
c) What is the probability that a pupil, chosen at random, will have a sister?
d) What is the probability that a pupil, chosen at random, will not have a brother or
a sister?
e) What is the probability that a pupil who has a brother also has a sister?
2) In order to get from her home to her Grans, Ciana has to catch two busses. She
knows that when she waits for a bus at the first stop there is a probability of 0.7 that
she will have to wait more than 5 minutes. At the second stop, the probability is 0.2.
a) Calculate the probability that she will have to wait more than 5 minutes at both
stops.
b) She visits her Gran every Saturday for 50 weeks. How many times would you
expect her to wait for both buses for more than 5 minutes each?
3) George has a biased die. He calculates that the probability of getting a 1, 2 or
3 are each 0.2.
a) The probability of him getting a 1 followed by a 4 is 0.03. What is the probability
of him getting a 4 with one roll of the die?
b) What is the probability of getting a 5 if it is the same as the probability of getting
a 6?
4) Six cards have the numbers 1 to 6 written on them.
The cards are shuffled and placed face down on a table, one on top of the other.
Calculate the following probabilities.
a) The top card has a 1 on it.
b) The top card is a 1 and the next card is a 2.
c) The top two cards are 1 and 2 in any order.
6
7 10
Those with brothers Those with sisters
5
1 2 3 4 5 6

84

2001


85

Answers

Estimating - Page 7

1) a) 16 b) 16 c) 10 d) 21 e) 2 f) 3 g) 3 h) 3 i) 0.5 j) 3
k) 1.8 l) 5.6 m) 20 n) 14 o) 20 p) 14 q) 70 r) 90 s) 400
t) 170 u) 16 v) 20 w) 10 x) 12
2) a) 1 b) 2 c) 5 d) 1 e) 2 f) 6 g) 10 h) 10 i) 7 j) 10 k) 10
l) 60 m) 4 n) 5 o) 4 p) 5 q) 2 r) 4
3) a) 9 b) 24 c) 1.2 d) 0.5 e) 500 f) 0.7 g) 40 h) 15 i) 200
j) 500 k) 240

Powers of Numbers - Page 8

1) 2

2

, 5

1

, 4

2

, 3

3

, 2

5

, 7

2

, 4

3

(=)8

2

, 5

3

, 3

5

, 4

4

, 5

4

, 5

5

, 4

6

2) 5

7

, 2

9

, 6

5

, 3

7

, 7

1

3) 4

3

, 8

2

4) 19,683 6,561 177,147
531,441 531,441 59,049 6,561 531,441
5) 9, 18, 11, 19 6) a, f, h

Multiplying and Dividing - Page 9

1) From the top, clockwise 25, 0.025, 0.1, 2.5, 0.1, 0.05, 10
10, 5000, 100
2) a) 0.01 and 0.05 b) 2 and 0.2 or 4 and 0.4 c) 0.01 10
d) 4 and 10 e) 10 0.01 f) 2 and 0.2 or 4 and 0.4
g) 10

2 0.05 h) 0.4 (0.01

0.2) i) 10 4

0.01
3) a) 10,000 b) 1 c) 5,000 d) 0.006 e) 0.06 f) 0.9 g) 0.005
h) 0.05 i) 400 j) 1.05 k) 50 l) 0.0028 m) 14,000 n) 1.0
o) 12,500 p) 0.03 q) 0.25 r) 1.0

Percentage Change - page 10

1) a) 20,413 b) 132% c) 2.2% d) 31,542
2) a) The numbers have been rounded off, thereby gaining
and losing small amounts.
b) 13,361,463 9,631,596 5,272,294 c) 11.4%
3) a) 21,333 b) 20.6% c) 94,900 d) 23.9%

Fractions - Page 11

1) a) b) c) 9,687.5 litres
2) 12 pieces 3) 1,200 miles 4) a) b) 280 5) ths

Ratio 1 - Page 12

1) a) 210 b) 1 : 2.68 2) a) 4cm b) 1.4km c) 34.8cm
3) 1 : 3.4 : 3.8 : 6.3 4) a) 1.169kg, 2.317, 2.94 b) 8.92kg

Ratio 2 - Page 13

1) a) 45ml, 40ml, 15ml b) 46ml, 42ml, 12ml c) Hallas
2) a) 1831/438 b) 3.78g c) 20.7 d) 3.3
3) a) 120,000 watts b) 75,000 watts c) 1:5 d) 2.5:1
e) Probably. The cost of a longlife bulb is 2.5 times as much
as an ordinary one. However the long life bulb uses only
a fifth of the electricity of an ordinary one. The value of
this saving outweighs the cost of the more expensive
bulb.

Odd and Even Solutions - Page 14

1) b,c,g,h,k,l,o,p
2) a) odd b) odd c) even d) odd e) odd f) even g) odd
h) either i) odd j) neither k) odd l) odd
3) a) whole b) whole c) no d) no e) whole f) no g) no h) no
4) a)

Simplifying 1 - Page 15

1) a) 12a b) 6x c) 21w d) 23y e) 60x f) -23n g) -62b
h) 17x i) -2p j) -7z k) 2x + 4y l) p + q m) w n) -4f
o) -2k 2m p) -x 2 q) 55 10m r) 4x 8
2) a) 6a

2

+ 6a b) 7y

2

+ 3y c) 11b

2

4b d) 4a

2

+ 3y
e) 7x

2

+ 2x f) 7c

2

2bc g) 4x

2

+ 3x h) 3b

2

+ 3b
i) -3c

2

3b j) 3y

2

+ 10y k) 8y

2

+ 2xy l) 10d

2

5cd
m) 3y

2

+ y + 5 n) 5a

2

10a o) 7c

2

+ 5c 11
3) a) a b) x c) y d) a e) c f) y g) a h) b i) x
j) c k) - a l) y m) - a n) x o) c p) - b
4) a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h)
i) j) k) l) m) n) o) p)
5) b, d, f, k, l, n, o, p

Simplifying 2 - Page 16

1) a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j)
k) l) m) n)
2) a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i)
j) k) l)
3) a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i)
j) k) l) m) n) o)

a

p) q)
r) s) t) u)
4) a) 2b b) c) d) e) f) g) 2b h) i)
j) k) l) m) n) 2a o) 3x p) q) 2ab
r)
5) = = =
= = =
= = =

Multiplying Brackets Together - Page 17

1) a) 3x + 14 b) 4x + 16 c) 2x + 7 d) 3x + 19 e) 4x
f) 5x + 31 g) 8x 41 h) 10x 10 i) -30 j) 13x 47
k) 6x 45 l) 2x 8 m) 13x + 10 n) 19x + 43
o) -15x 39 p) 16x 44 q) 2x 24 r) 28x + 14
2) 1) a) x

2

+ 5x + 6 b) x

2

+ 9x + 20 c) x

2

+ 10x + 21
d) x

2

x 30 e) x

2

+ 3x 28 f) x

2

6x 16
g) x

2

10x 24 h) x

2

2x 48 i ) x

2

7x 30
j) x

2

13x + 36 k) x

2

9x + 18 l) x

2

9x + 20
3) a) 2x

2

+ 9x + 4 b) 3x

2

+ 13x + 12 c) 2x

2

+ 9x + 10
d) 4x

2

10x 6 e) 2x

2

x 15 f) 5x

2

22x 15
g) 5x

2

+ 27x 18 h) 6x

2

+ 4x 16 i) 3x

2

+ 5x 28
31
32
------
1
32
------
3
14
------
37
40
------
5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4
25 36 49 64 1 4 9 16
16 25 36 49 0 1 4 9
9 16 25 36 1 0 1 4
4 9 16 25 4 1 0 1
1 4 9 16 9 4 1 0
0 1 4 9 16 9 4 1
1 0 1 4 25 16 9 4
4 1 0 1 36 25 16 9
b) When the difference in
the bracket is odd
c) When the difference in
the bracket is even
d) Either 3
2
or (-3)
2
e) Both even or both odd
3
4
---
5
4
---
1
2
---
1
2
---
1
4
---
1
2
---
1
4
---
1
8
---
1
8
---
1
2
---
1
2
---
1
4
---
1
5
---
1
9
---
1
6
---
c
2
---
5x
6
------
4c
15
------
8w
15
-------
5b
24
------
3a
4
------
5x
8
------
5y
6
------
3y
5
------
c
10
------
a
4
---
x
2
---
5c
8
------
y
6
---
b
3
---
c
6
---
1
3
---
1
3
---
2
3
---
1
2
---
3
5
---
2
3
---
3
4
---
1
4
---
2
5
---
4
7
---
2
5
---
4
9
---
3
8
---
3
10
------
2
9
---
1
8
---
2
15
------
6
35
------
2
5
---
3
7
---
1
2
---
1
6
---
1
6
---
5
12
------
1
10
------
1
6
---
a
2
---
x
3
---
c
3
---
y
4
---
b
3
---
a
4
---
3x
8
------
3a
5
------
4y
13
------
7a
10
------
3x
5
------
3a
5
------
2c
5
------
2y
5
------
x
5
---
2a
3
------
2y
5
------
a
4
---
3c
10
------
3y
8
------
1
9
---
1
3
---
1
6x
------
5
a
---
4
yz
-----
1
3
---
1
3
---
3x
4
------
1
3a
------
3
4z
-----
a
2
2
-----
1
4x
------
y
7
---
a
b
---
a
2
ab
------
y
y
--
xy
xy
-----
3y
9xy
---------
2y
6xy
---------
c
ab
------
c
2
abc
---------
5b
ab
------
5c
ac
------
8xy
4a
---------
2axy
a
2
------------
ab
a
2
bc
-----------
b
abc
---------
x
x
2
yz
----------
y
xy
2
z
----------
3
3xy
---------
2x
2x
2
y
-----------
86
j) 6x
2
20x + 6 k) 5x
2
12x + 7 l) 4x
2
32x + 28
4) a) 2x
2
+ 9x + 10 b) 4x
2
+ 14x + 6 c) 3x
2
+ 21x + 18
d) 5x
2
5 e) 2x
2
+ 8x 24 f) 4x
2
+ 12x 16
g) 5x
2
22x 15 h) 3x
2
9x 54 i) 6x
2
9x 27
j) 9x
2
23x + 10 k) 2x
2
14x + 24 l) 6x
2
60x + 54
5) a)12x
2
+ 43x + 36 b) 10x
2
+ 48x + 32 c) 12x
2
+ 44x + 24
d) 20x
2
23x 21 e) 24x
2
36x 24 f) 24x
2
12x 72
g) 40x
2
+ 12x 4 h) 24x
2
30x 54 i) 24x
2
+ 31x 15
j) 25x
2
45x + 18 k) 24x
2
42x + 18 l) 24x
2
58x + 35
6) a) x
2
+ 4x + 4 b) x
2
+ 10x + 25 c) x
2
2x + 1
d) x
2
8x + 16 e) x
2
+ 2x + 1 f) x
2
+ 24x + 144
g) x
2
14x + 49 h) x
2
10x + 25 i) 9x
2
+ 18x + 9
j) 25x
2
+ 60x + 36 k) 16x
2
32x + 16 l) 36x
2
36x + 9
m) 4x
2
+ 8x + 4 n) 9x
2
+ 12x + 4 o) 25x
2
20x + 4
p) 16x
2
24x + 9
Factorising - Page 18
1) a) 1, 2, 3, 6 b) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 c) 1, a, b, ab
d) 1, 3, a, 3a e) 1, 2, 3, 6, a, 2a, 3a, 6a f) 1, a, a
2
g) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, b. 2b, 3b, 4b, 6b, 12b
h) 1, 2, 4, a, 2a, 4a, a
2
, 2a
2
, 4a
2
i) 1, 2, a, 2a, b, 2b, ab, 2ab
j) 1, 2, 4, a, 2a, 4a, b, 2b, 4b, ab, 2ab, 4ab
k) 1, 2, 4, x, 2x, 4x, x
2
, 2x
2
, 4x
2
l) 1, 7, b, 7b
m) 1, 2, 3, 6, c, 2c, 3c, 6c, c
2
, 2c
2
, 3c
2
, 6c
2
n) 1, 2, 4, 8, x, 2x, 4x, 8x, y, 2y, 4y, 8y, xy, 2xy, 4xy, 8xy
o) 1, 5, a, 5a, a
2
, 5a
2
, b, 5b, ab, 5ab, a
2
b, 5a
2
b
2) a) 4 b) 9 c) 4 d) 3 e) 3b f) a g) ab h) 3a i) 2ab j) 2a
k) x l) 3xy m) 3xy n) 4ab o) 3ac
3) a) 2(a + 2) b) 3(x + 2) c) 2(7x + 8) d) 2(3x 2)
e) 2y(x + 1) f) b(4a 3) g) 5b(a 2) h) 6(ac 2)
i) 5x(x 2y) j) a(2b + a) k) y(x 2y) l) 3a(a 2)
m) a(12a bc) n) 6x( 2x + 1) o) a(b + bc + c)
4) a) x(3y + 2x) b) 2y(x
2
+ 2) c) a(4b c + 3d)
d) 2(a + 2b + 3c) e) 2a(a + 3b 4ab) f) a(6b c + 3bc)
g) 2x(2 + x + 3x
2
) h) a(4a + 3b + 2c) i) 2a(2 + 3ab 5b
2
)
j) a(a
2
+ x b) k) 2y(x + 3 2y) l) 3ab(2a b)
m) a(3a + 5b + 6ac) n) 2a(a + 4b 5ab)
o) 2a(2b 8a + bc) p) 3x(x + 2y
3
+ 3x)
q) 5b(ab

+ a + 2c
2
) r) a(2 + 3ab 5b
2
)
Solving Simple Equations - Page 19
1) a) 5 b) 5 c) 23 d) -3 e) -10 f) 5 g) 11 h) 16 i) 14
2) a) 2 b) 1 c) 3 d) 2 e) 5 f) 5 g) 4 h) -6 i) 9 j) 4
k) 11 l) 6
3) a) 48 b) 15 c) 12 d) 52 e) 36 f) 8 g) 32 h) -4 i) 28
j) 40 k) 12 l) 30
4) a) 5 b) 3 c) 2 d) 7 e) 10 f) 8 g) 2 h) 4 i) 8 j) 1 k) 7 l) 10
5) a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) 4 e) 6 f) 4 g) 3 h) 3 i) j) 7 k) 1
l) 10
Sequences - Page 20
1) a) 30 b) d = r(r + 1) c) 110 discs
2) a) 22 b) 42, 56
c) Yes.
When n is odd, n
2
is odd. So n
2
+ n is odd + odd = even.
When n is even, n
2
is even.
So n
2
+ n is even + even = even.
Therefore the answer is always even.
3) a) b) , c) As in question 2, n
2
+ n is always even
therefore n
2
+ n + 1 must always be odd.
Trial and Improvement - Page 21
a) 3x
2
= 8x 2 b) The solution will occur when 3x
2
= 8x 2
i.e. when the difference is zero.
c) 2.3 and 2.4 The difference changes from + to so a
difference of 0 is between 2.3 and 2.4.
d)
e) 2.38 and 2.39
f) When x is 2.385 the difference is 0.015325. This means
that when the difference is 0, x lies between 2.385 and
2.39. Therefore 2.39 is the solution correct to two decimal
places. g) 0.28
Graphs - Page 22
1) a) H b) E c) (3,9) d) B e) C and E f) G g) H h) (2,2)
i) C j) B k) G
2) a) y = x + 4 b) 4y = 9 3x c) y = 3 d) A and E e) (3,3)
f) (3,-4) g) (3,10)
Simultaneous Equations - Graphs - Page 23
1) x = 8, y = 9 2) y = 9 x y = x + 2 x = 3.5 y = 5.5
3) y = 0, x = -1.5
Simultaneous Equations - Page 24
1) a) A b) B c) y 2x = 2 + 6 = 4 2y + x = -4 3 = -7
2) x = 8, y = 6 3) x = -3, y = -2 4) x = -2.5, y = 3.5
Solving Simultaneous Equations - Page 25
1) a) y = 2 x = 1 b) y = 5 x = 2 c) y = 3 x = 1
d) x = 3 y = 1 e) x = 5 y = 4 f) y = 1 x = 4
2) a) x = 7 y = 3 b) x = 3 y = 4 c) x = 3 y = 1
d) x = 5 y = 2 e) x = 3 y = 3 f) x = 2 y = 1.5
3) a) x = 6 y = 3 b) x = 2 y = 4 c) x = 4 y = 2
d) x = 6 y = 3 e) x = 7 y = 1 f) x = 3 y = 6
4) a) x = 3 y = 4 b) x = 2 y = 5 c) x = 6 y = 4
d) x = 3 y = 1 e) x = 2 y = 5 f) x = 5 y = 3
5) a) x = -19 y = 15 b) x = 2 y = 2 c) x = -2 y = 3
d) x = 2 y = -1 e) x = -6 y = 1 f) x = 1 y = 0
6) a) x = 7 y = 4 b) x = 6 y = 8 c) x = 8 y = -1
d) x = -3 y = 4 e) x = 4 y = 8 f) x = -14 y = 22
Inequalities - Page 26
1) a) 6, 7, 8 b) 7, 8, 9 c) -2, -1, 0 d) -7, -6 e) -3, -2
f) -14, -13 g) 5, 6, 7 h) 6, 7, 8 i) -3, -2, -1 j) 3, 4, 5
k) 1, 2, 3 l) -6, -5, -4 m) 7, 8, 9 n) 10, 11, 12
o) 1, 2, 3 p) 2, 3, 4, 5 q) 2, 3, 4, 5 r) 2, 3, 4
s) 1, 2, 3 t) 3, 4, 5, 6 u) -1, 0 v) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
w) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, x) -1, 0, 1
2) a) 2,3 b) 4,2 c) -2,1 d) 2,1 e) 0,1 f) -1, 2
Pythagoras Theorem - Page 27
1) a) 15.6cm b) 9.8cm c) 13.9cm d) 13.9cm
2) a) 8.3cm b) 12.6cm c) 8.9cm d) 9.8cm
3) In each case the square on the hypotenuse is equal to the
sum of the squares on the other two sides.
i.e. 10
2
= 6
2
+ 8
2
13
2
= 12
2
+ 5
2
25
2
= 24
2
+ 7
2

4) 6cm, 2cm and 5.7cm
5) 39cm
5
9
---
1
2
---
2
3
---
1
2
---
1
2
---
4
20
------
7
57
------
8
73
------
x
3x
2
8x 2
Difference
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
16.4268
16.5675
16.7088
16.8507
16.9932
17.1363
16.72
16.8
16.88
16.96
17.04
17.12
0.2932
0.2325
0.1712
0.1093
0.0468
-0.0163
87
Areas of Right Angled Triangles - Page 28
1) a) 22.5cm
2
b) 14cm
2
c) 17.875cm
2
d) 28.8cm
2

2) a) 58.5cm
2
b) 40.375cm
2
c) 82.5cm
2

3) a) 25.25cm
2
b) 66.5cm
2
c) 4.125cm
2
d) 80.75cm
2

4) a) Multiply the diagonals together, then divide by 2.
b) Multiply the diagonals together, then divide by 2.
c) Base perpendicular height
Areas of Plane Shapes - Page 29
1) a) 198cm
2
b) 187cm
2
c) 150cm
2
d) 149.5cm
2

2) a) 15.45cm
2
b) 54.94cm
2
c) 84cm
2
d) 21.46cm
2

Volumes of Prisms - Page 30
1) a) 52cm
2
b) 624cm
3
2) a) 48cm
2
b) 384cm
3

3) 346.4cm
3
4) a) 84cm
2
b) 1092cm
3
5) 2968cm
3

Enlargement and Similarity - Page 31
1) a) 4.35cm and 6.3cm b) 6.09cm
2
and 13.7025cm
2

c) 1 : 2.25
2) a) 2.25 b) c) 1.2cm d) 5.4675cm
2

3) a) 2.73cm b) 3.6cm c) 4.225cm
2

Routes - Page 32
1)
2)
Trees - Page 33
1)
2)
Rounding Off - Page 34
1) A - 5 B - 6 C - 7 D - 9 E - 10 F - 11
2) a) 97.75cm
2
b) 118.75cm
2

3) 385.9m 4) 136.5 Length of wood < 137.5. indicates
that the length of the wood is greater than or equal to the
first value. The < indicates that the length is less than and
not equal to the second value.
5) 19.5C and 20.5C
6) The total mass is 499kg when each is rounded to the
nearest kilogram. However the minimum and maximum
total masses are 496.5kg and 501.5kg. In this case the
total mass was near the top end of the range.
Imprecision of Measurement - Page 35
1) a) 3mm b) 1mm 2) a) 11 minutes b) 9 minutes
3) The old record could be smaller than the new one but
when rounded off they are both 37.31.
4) 58.25 and 58.35 seconds.
5) This is based on its upper limit. If the dimensions are not
on the upper limit then it will not hold this amount. Better to
use the bottom limit i.e. 1037 litres
Compound Measure - Page 36
1) a) 198 gallons b) 413 gallons c) 334 gallons (approx)
2) a) 230m
2
b) 29.86m
2
c) 200.14m
2
d) 3 tins
3) 26.25km/hr 4) 2,700 metres 5) a) 4.02m
3
b) 491cm
3
c) 2.23 litres d) 4.55 metres per second
Currency - Page 37
1) 437.96, 448.91 2) Most in UK. Least, 5.61, in
Australia 3) $129.86 4) 469,250 Lira. 14,750 Lira
5) 1686 6) It is more economical to buy two tickets as they
will cost 753.95 altogether, saving 36.05 7) 18.51
Coach Journey - Page 38
a) 80 miles b) 40mph c) 30 minutes d) 64 miles e) 42.7mph
f) 36 minutes g) 2:36pm h) 52 miles i) 47.3mph j) 3:42pm
Train Journey - Page 39
a) Birmingham to Glasgow b) 97.0kph and 137.3kph.
c) 460km d) 5hrs 27mins e) 27mins f) 16:20 g) 310km
Road Race - Page 40
a) Hari b) 2km c) After about 50/55 minutes d) 4 e) 3
f) Brody g) Brody h) going down hill i) Brody by about 10
minutes j) 8kph k) Hari suddenly stopped, probably
because of an injury. He started again some time later but
ran at a slower speed.
4
9
---
88
Mean - Page 41
1) a) 47.5cm b) 48cm c) 48cm d) 6cm
2) a) 3.4 and 3.78 b) 27 and 23 c) 714 and 794
Mean and Range - Page 42
1) 2 2) 6 3) 21 4) 5 and 13 5) 2 and 5 6) 5 and 3 7) 17
Sweets - Page 43
a) 6.34
b) 6.88
c) 6340 and 6880 d) 853
Flower Seeds - Page 44
a) 10.12
b) 13.70
c) 151,800 and 205,500 d) 6,450
e) White. Range is 27 3 = 24. Range for blue is 17 3 = 14
f) A packet of seeds usually has more white seeds than blue
seeds
Measuring Scatter - Page 45
1) a)
b) about 13 or 14 c) More
2) a)
b) About 2.7kg c) About 16.4cm
Relative Frequency - Page 46
1) 16 or 17 2) 4 blue, 3 green and 2 red
3) a) Liams because he has done it the most number of times
b) Yes. The total result for each colour should be about the
same. However the red occurs nearly 3 times
more often than the yellow and nearly twice as often as
the blue.
c) or about 0.2 d) or about 0.5
Probability - Page 47
1) a) 0.6 b) 20 c) 2
2) Bag A. His chance of getting a yellow is 0.32 in bag A and
0.311 in bag B
3) a) b) at least 7 c) 0.375 or 37.5% d) 3
Powers - Page 48
1) a) 4
4
4
5
= 4
4+5
= 4
9
b) 4
3
4
9
= 4
3+9
= 4
12
c) 4
10
4
7
= 4
107
= 4
3
d) 4
12
4
10
= 4
1210
= 4
2
e) 4
11
4
7
= 4
4
= 256
f) 4
12
4
10
= 4
2
= 16
2) a) 6 b) 6 c) 2 or 8 d) 2 or 8
3) a) 12
1
b) true c) 3
11
d) true
e) 16
4
8
2

= (2
4
)
4
(2
3
)
2
= 2
16
2
6
= 2
10
but 8
2
= (2
3
)
2
= 2
6

f) 2
8
g) Because 6
7
6
3
= 6
10
h) true i) 8
5
j) true
k) 3
24
l) 1
Standard Form 1 - Page 49
1) a) 1.563 10
3
b) 2.573 10
3
c) 7.2835 10
4
d) 8.34 10
5
e) 5.4 10
4
f) 3.4 10
3
g) 4.38 10
7
h) 2.4385 10
5
i) 2.46 10
6
j) 2.43 10
2
k) 3.49 10
6
l) 6.7 10
6
2) a) 4.5 10
-3
b) 4.63 10
-5
c) 4.32 10
-4
d) 3.51 10
-5
e) 3.5 10
-3
f) 3.8 10
-2
g) 4.31 10
-4
h) 7.39 10
-6
i) 3.42 10
-7
j) 6.29 10
-4
k) 2.73 10
-4

l) 3 10
-1
3) a) 3,500 b) 420,000 c) 18,000 d) 6,500 e) 46,100
f) 67,200,000 g) 4,580,000 h) 740 i) 267,000
j) 5,680 k) 4,830,000 l) 26,500
4) a) 0.043 b) 0.000537 c) 0.285 d) 0.00059 e) 0.0000634
f) 0.0059 g) 0.000845 h) 0.0691 i) 0.0068 j) 0.00000379
k) 0.0691 l) 0.000094
5) 6.7 10
2
, 9.54 10
2
, 5.63 10
3
, 6.8 10
3
,
1.76 10
4
, 2.3 10
4
6) 4.2 10
-5
, 6.78 10
-4
, 5.1 10
-3
, 5.31 10
-3
,
4.78 10
-2
, 9.85 10
-2
7) 0.421 10
6
, 421,000, 421 10
3
8) 145 10
-8
, 1450 10
-9
, 14.5 10
-7
9) 48.3 10
3
, 0.483 10
5
0-2
12-14
9-11
6-8
3-5
1
4
7
10
13
6
17
13
10
4
50
6
68
91
100
52
317
0-2
12-14
9-11
6-8
3-5
1
4
7
10
13
8
10
14
12
6
50
8
40
98
120
78
344
3-5
15-17
12-14
9-11
6-8
4
7
10
13
16
13
22
27
24
14
100
52
154
270
312
224
1012
3-7
23-27
18-22
13-17
8-12
5
10
15
20
25
17
28
30
14
11
100
85
280
450
280
275
1370
22 20 18 16 14
12 10
5
10
15
20
25
30
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1
2
3
4
77
400
---------
206
400
---------
5
16
------
89
Standard Form 2 - Page 50
1) a) 2 10
-2
and 2 10
-3
b) (i) 2.2 10
-2
(ii) 2.02 10
-2
2) a) 3.63 10
4
b) 8.57 10
-2
c) 2.55 10
5

d) 2.722 10
-2
e) 3.279 10
5
f) 2.479 10
-4
3) a) 6 10
6
b) 8 10
6
c) 9 10
7
d) 7.5 10
7
e) 1.2 10
10

f) 1.5 10 g) 3.5 10
3
h) 4.8 10 i) 2.8 10
4
j) 4 10
4
4) a) 10
3
b) 2 10
4
c) 3 10 d) 5 10
2
e) 3 10
4

f) 3 10
3
g) 3 10
5
h) 7 10 i) 5 10 j) 9 10
2

k) 2.5 10
3
l) 2 10
2
5) a) 3 10
5
b) 2.5 10
7
c) 2 10
9
d) 9 10
5
6) a) 3 10
-4
b) 2.1 10
-8
c) 8 10
-10
d) 8 10
-8
Questions in Standard Form - Page 51
1) a) Mercury 0.39
Venus 0.73
Earth 1
Mars 1.53
Jupiter 5.2
Saturn 9.3
Uranus 19.3
Neptune 30
Pluto 39.3
b) 500 seconds or 8mins 20secs c) Approx 5hrs 28mins
2) a) 7.2 10
6
metres b) 11 10
5
metres
3) 2.804 10
4
Repeated Proportional Change - Page 52
1) 1723 2) a) 5% interest is added at the end of each year on
what was in the account at the beginning of that year, not
the beginning of the account. b) 1157.63
3) a) 8,000 0.88 b) 8,000 0.8008 or 7040 0.91
c) 6,406.40
4) a) 2,000 1.1
3
b) 2662
5) a) 60 1.2925 b) With service charge the bill is multiplied
by 1.1. For VAT the bill is multiplied by 1.175. With both it
is multiplied by 1.1 1.175 or 1.2925
Calculating the Original Amount - Page 53
1) 120 2) 750 3) 12.50 4) 70 5) 136cm 6) 7.50
7) 44,500 8) 162 9) a) 6.93 1.16 b) 5.974
10) a) 1560 b) 1500
Proportion - Page 54
1) a) 36,818 b) 31.0% c) In 1980 the population of Kinster
was lower than in Flockborough.
2) a) 27.7% b) 35,000,000 c) 11.11% d) 71%
Letters and % - Page 55
1) 25cm 2) a) 1.1x b) 1.188x c) 1.78 3) a) b) 50cm
4) a) 28% b) 28% c) 4320cm
2
5) 105.84% 6) a) xycm
2
b) 9.1% c) 121cm 90.9cm or 100cm 110cm
Substitution - Page 56
1) a) 4.5 b) -2.82 c) -4 d) 0.49 e) 0.76 f) 5.66 g) -17.31
h) 8.74 i) 16 j) 4.257 k) 3.302 l) 6.007 m) -42.02
n) 0.372 o) -4.51 p) -873.6 q) -1.172 r) 268.8 s) 93.09
t) 0.036 u) 14.71 v) -0.497 w) 68.08 x) -0.848
2) a) 2 or 1.5 b) 2.5 or -2 c) 3 or -4 d) 4.646 or 0.646
e) 1.593 or 0.157 f) 0.743 or -0.943 g) 3.886 or 0.386
h) 1.434 or 0.232 i) 0.849 or -1.649 j) 4.303 or 0.697
k) 1.721 or -0.388 l) 1 or -
How Many Solutions? - Page 57
1) a) one value b) one value c) 2 values d) one value
e) 2 values f) one value g) one value h) 2 values
i) one value j) all values k) one value l) 2 values
m) one value n) 2 values o) all values p) 2 values
q) one value r) 2 values s) one value t) one value
u) 2 values
2) a) 10 or -10 b) 5 or -5 c) 7 or -7 d) 11 or -11
e) 8 f) 9 g) 7 or -13 h) 6 or -14 i) 7 or -15
j) 4 k) 5 l) 5 m) 4 n) 8 o) 4 p) 3 or -7
q) 14 or -6 r) 2 or -10
3) b), f), g), j), l)
Formulae - Page 58
1) a) L = b) C = D c) a = d) u = v at
e) a = f) x = g) b = a h) r =
i)
2) a) v = b) v =
3) a) V = (a + b)d
2
b) V =
4) a) r
2
h b) V = d
3
c) xyh d) x
3

Simultaneous Equation Problems - Page 59
1) 5x + 2y = 25 x = 3 y = 5
6x + 4y = 38 28
2) 5x + 3y = 138 x = 15 y = 21
8x + 4y = 204 1.47
3) 4x + 3y = 220 x = 25 y = 40
2x + 5y = 250 weights are 25g and 40g
4) 3h + 5e = 25 e = 2 h = 5
4h + 2e = 24 32 points
Equations from Experimental Data - Page 60
1) a) 1 2 3 4 5 6
45 70 95 120 145 170
b) C = 25d + 20 c) 270 d) 17 days
2) a) 5 10 15 20 25 30
23 38 53 68 83 98
b) D = 3t + 8 c) 74cm d) 40 minutes and 40 seconds
3) a)
b) C = c) 25cm d) 23.35cm
Solving Equations - Page 61
1) a) 1 b) 9 c) 8 d) 5 e) 6 f) 10 g) 5 h) 7 i) 12 j) 10
k) 10 l) 6 m) 1 n) 3 o) 2 p) 5
2) a) 8 b) 13 c) 1 d) 4 e) 5 f) 16 g) 2 h) -3 i) j) 2 k) 2
l) 2 m) 2 n) o) 2 p) 4 q) -2 r) 2
3) a) 1 b) 2 c) 7 d) 9 e) 8 f) 4 g) 13 h) 7 i) 6 j) 14 k) 7
l) 10 m) 8 n) 2 o) 9
Factorising Expressions - Page 62
1) a) (x y)(x + y) b) (m n)(m + n) c) (c d)(c + d)
d) (x 2)(x + 2) e) (m 3)(m + 3) f) (c 4)(c + 4)
g) (x 3)(x + 3) h) (m 4)(m + 4) i) (c 5)(c + 5)
j) 240 k) 840 l) 180 m) (3x y)(3x + y)
n) (4m n)(4m + n) o) (5c d)(5c + d)
p) (5x 2y)(5x + 2y) q) (6m 3n)(6m + 3n)
y
12
------
8
9
---
A
B
x
y
v u
t
y
a + b
y
x
A
w
l
xy
-----

2
=
d
2
h
4
d
3
8
1
2
---
3a
3
2
1
3
---
1
12
------
1
3
---
2
3
---
10
1000
20
500
50
200
100
100
200
50
HA
1000
1
2
---
1
2
---
1
2
---
1
2
---
2
3
---
1
2
---
90
r) (9c 5d)(9c + 5d) s) (b 1)(b + 1)
t) (ab 3)(ab + 3) u) (ab 1)(ab + 1)
2) a) (a + b) b) a(b + 1) c) y(x 1) d) x(2 + x)
e) a(a + 4b) f) b(b 5) g) a(2 + b) h) b(2a b)
i) y(y 1) j) a(3 + 4b) k) ab(8a + b) l) a(2a + 1)
m) b(2 + b) n) a(1 + 2a) o) x(1 + 2x)
p) b(3a 1) q) x(3x y) r) b(7 2b)
3) a) (a b) b) (c 1) c) (a + 1) d) (2 + b)
e) (2b + 1) f) (4a + b) g) (1 b) h) (x 1)
i) (y 1) j) (2b + 3a) k) (5 + 2b) l) (2x + y)
m) (2ab + 1) n) (2b + 1) o) (2 + z) p) (2 + b)
q) (2 + a) r) (2a + 1) s) (2 c) t) (3y + x)
u) (1 + 2a b)
Triangular Numbers - Page 63
a) 25, 36 b) 32, 33 c) w = n(n 1)
d) n
2
n(n 1)
= n
2
n
2
+ n
= n
2
+ n
= (n
2
+ n)
The Graph of y = x
2
- Page 64
1) A (4,16) B (4,-16) C) (-4, -16) D) (-4, 16)
2) A (8,16) B) (0,16)
3) a) A (0,16) B (-8,16) b) y = (x + 4)
2
4) a) (3,9) and (-3, 9) b) y = 18 x
2
5) a) A (- ,0) B ( ,0) b) y = x
2
2
Inequality Questions - Page 65
1) a) 34, 35 and 36 b) 1540 c) 1, 0, 0, 1, 3
2) a) 22, 23 b) 100,949 c) 0, 4, 27, 96, 250
Areas Bounded by Curves - Page 66
1) y < 0 and y > x
2
2
2) y > 0 and y < 7 x
2
3) y < 4 and y > x
2
4) y < 9, y > (x + 2)
2
and x < 0
5) x > -4, x < 4, y < 0 and y > -(x
2
+ 5)
Pythagoras etc - Page 67
1) a) (i)

(ii) b) or
2) a)

b) c) or cm
2
3) 2433cm
2
Areas - Page 68
1) a) 123.61cm
2
b) 25cm
2
2) a) b) 452.39cm
2
c) 75.40cm
2
d) 28.08cm
2
3) a) 72cm
2
b) 164.39cm
2
Areas and Perimeters - Page 69
1) (2a
2
) ( a)
2
= 4a
2
a
2
= a
2
(4 )
= a
2
( )
= a
2
or a
2
2) a) a
2
b) x
2
= a
2
+ a
2
x
2
= 2a
2
x = a
c) a
2

= a
2
( )
= ( 2)
3)
=
Volume - Page 70
1) a) 56cm
2
b) 8cm c) 840cm
3
d)89.76% e) one solution is
40cm 40cm 60cm. There are others.
2) a) 6.24cm b) 21.58cm
2
c) 215.8cm
3
d) 200.694 grams
e) 25.087kg
Congruent Triangles - Page 71
1) a, e and g 2) c, e and g 3) (iv) is true. The others are false
Similar Triangles - Page 72
1) a) 47.6cm b) 22.86cm
2) a) b b) a c) 5 d) 150cm e) 280cm
3) a) BCD b) BAE c) 222.2cm d) 194.4cm
Angles - Page 73
1) 2x 2) 18 3) a) 6 b) 48, 90, 90, 132 4) 72, 60 and
48
Sine Cosine and Tangent Ratios - Page 74
1) a) 13.22cm b) 15.39cm c) 14.00cm d) 6.89cm
e) 9.63cm f) 2.33cm g) 4.56
2) a) 60.3 b) 27.3 c) 41.2 d) 63.4 e) 25.3 f) 38.9
g) 73.7
3) 19.2
Bearings Page 75
1) a) N 54.25 E or 054.25 b) S 54.25 W or 234.25
2) a) N 30.56 W or 329.44 b) N 56.08 W or 303.92
1
2
---
1
3
---
1
4
---
1
2
---
1
4
---
1
5
---
1
4
---
1
4
---
1
2
---
1
4
---
1
2
---
1
4
---
1
4
---
1
3
---
1
2
---
1
4
---
1
8
---
1
8
---
1
2
---
b
5
---
b
4
---
a
4
---
a
8
---
1
6
---
a
4
---
y
2
---
y
4
---
1
4
---
a
8
---
x
4
---
a
4
---
ab
4
------
xy
4
-----
a
4
---
a
4
---
a
4
---
c
4
---
y
4
---
a
2
---
1
2
---
1
2
---
1
2
---
1
2
---
1
2
---
1
2
---
1
2
---
2 2
c
2
a
2
a
2
+ =
c
2
2a
2
=
c
2
2
----- a
2
=
a
c
2
2
-----
c
2
------- = =
c
2
4
----- c
2 4
2
------- 2 +

2c
2
2 1 + ( )
2a ( )
2
a
2
x
2
+ =
4a
2
a
2
x
2
+ =
x
2
3a =
2
x 3a
2
a 3 = =
a
2
3 54 3 93.53
1
6
---
3
2
---
9
4
---
9
4
---
16
4
------
9
4
---
7
4
---
7
4
---
1
4
---
2
1
4
---
a
2
2
------
4
---
1
2
---
a
2
4
------
4a
2
---------------
3a
2
---------------
2a
2
---------------
a
2
------------ + + +
2
--- 10a ( ) 5a =
91
Calculating Lengths in Triangles Page 76
1) a)15.56cm b) 10.90cm c) 5.55cm
d) 21.11cm and 21.8cm
2) a) 31.0 b) 31.0 c) 1.54cm 3) 37.26cm
More Similarity - Page 77
1) a) or b) or
c) d) 1 : 4
2) a) b) c) 1810cm
2
and 7238cm
3

d) Small : Large
:
:
:
e) :
The Cricket Scores - Page 78
a)
b)
c) Feldown d) Eggwold 212.5 Feldown 211.25
Cumulative Frequency 1 - Page 79
1) a) 47 b) 33 c) 15
2) a)
b) About 6.30 c) 25%
1) a) C b)
2) a) B b) 6kg and 6.4kg c) 1.64 and 1.60
d) The increase in the median is 0.4kg above 6kg, which is a
6.7% increase. It would help if the mean was also
checked. However this figure does indicate that they are
right to claim a 5% increase
1) b) 0, 2, 10, 33, 80, 100
c)
d) Approx. 9:22
2) b) 0, 7, 18, 38, 54, 62, 67, 70
c) About 19
Probability 1 - Page 82
1) a) b) c) d) e)
2) a) b) c) d) =
3) a) b) c)
4) a) 0.18 b) 0.12 c) 0.42 d) 0.72
Probability 2 - Page 83
1) a) 13 b) c) d) e)
2) a) 0.14 b) 7
3) a) 0.15 b) 0.125
4) a) b) c)
a 3
2
---------- 0.87a a
2
3 1.73a
2
249.4cm
2
4a
2 4
3
---a
3
2
2
7
2
4 49
4 49
27 64
> 50 and 100
> 300 and 350
> 250 and 300
> 100 and 150
> 150 and 200
> 200 and 250
2
5
7
16
8
2
A B D
6 7 8 9 10 11
20
40
60
80
100
20
40
60
70
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
1
6
---
1
36
------
1
216
---------
1
36
------
25
36
------
1
4
---
5
11
------
6
12
------
4
11
------
1
4
---
5
11
------
5
44
------
1
4
---
45
182
---------
183
364
---------
13
28
------
17
28
------
5
28
------
7
13
------
1
6
---
1
30
------
1
15
------

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