Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
373 views

Power System Control

Uploaded by

muaz_aminu1422
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
373 views

Power System Control

Uploaded by

muaz_aminu1422
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

POWER SYSTEM CONTROL

Objective
The objectives of Power System Control remains as

previously broadly defined.


General
General Power System control activities include: Network Planning and Development Manual Network Switching Automatic Network Switching
The System Operator may not always be able to pre inform users about system control activities, especially in those instances when protection relay and other emergency developments result in network switching.

POWER SYSTEM CONTROL


Power System Control Actions The System Operator shall be responsible for operation of the Power System securely and reliably at all times, ensuring prompt and appropriate remedial action during all abnormalities. This he does via:
Consultation with users.
Network Switching for:

planned and emergency Transmission equipment outages Voltage Control and Limitation of Power flows on the transmission system to levels consistent with equipment capabilities.

The System Operator shall identify control actions

required. The System Operator shall establish all automatic

POWER SYSTEM CONTROL


Notification to all Users The System Operator shall notify all Transmission Network users of planned control actions, in accordance with the grid connection agreement, where time permits.
Control under fault or emergency conditions The System Operator shall ordinarily inform users of control actions after occurrence. Generating companies shall also promptly inform the System Operator of the tripping of a generating unit with reasons adduced. The System Operator shall inform users on likely duration of these conditions and when they have ceased.

POWER SYSTEM CONTROL


De-energisation of plant The System Operator shall de-energise a generating unit if he identifies the appropriate causes, especially as listed in the connection agreement. Operating procedures including Fault Reporting The System operator shall develop and maintain operating procedures for the safe operation of the Transmission network and for assets connected to the network that shall be complied with by all users. Each user shall be responsible for his own safety rules and procedures and ensure that they are compatible with the System operator procedures. Users shall enter into operating agreements with the System

POWER SYSTEM CONTROL


Operating procedures including Fault Reporting Fault reporting and analysis/incident investigation shll be carried out as follows:
Generator operators shall report all change of status of generating plant

within 15 minutes. In event of multiple trip the user shall:


Submit a written report to the System Operator within 1month. In addition he shall provide a full report as per the grid code. This shall be treated as a major incident.

Distribution operators and grid connected end use customers shall report

loss of all loads >10MW to the System operator within 10 minutes and notify him of reconnection not later than 15 minutes after, Network Sabotage incidents shall be reported to the System Operator The System operator shall investigate any incidences that affect supply quality to another user as detailed in the grid code

FREQUENCY CONTROL AND OPERATING RESERVE


Objective

General
Frequency limits Frequency Control

Components of Operating Reserve


Operating Reserve policy Amount of Operating Reserve

Operating Reserve Procurement

FREQUENCY CONTROL AND OPERATING RESERVE


Objective To specify the System Operator requirements for ensuring provision of Frequency control capability. To specify mandatory Operating reserve and Reliability must run requirements of the System operator.

General Use of primary or secondary frequency control for ensuring frequency is kept within applicable limits. Use of operating reserve on generators operated on frequency sensitive mode through ancillary services agreements.

FREQUENCY CONTROL AND OPERATING RESERVE


Frequency limits Grid Frequency shall be 50Hz

Operating band +0.5% of 50Hz 90% of the time.


Under System stress +2.5% (48.75 51.25) Frequency Control Normal Conditions Use of Spinning Reserves. Managing Shortfalls. Components of Operating Reserve Two types of Operating Reserves

Quick Reserve (Spinning Reserve [Primary &

Secondary] & Emergency Reserve) Slow Reserve (Hot standby & Cold standby)

FREQUENCY CONTROL AND OPERATING RESERVE


Operating Reserve policy Reserve type mix options in practical operations as policy to be approved by NERC Relevant factors to be considered in developing reserve policy. Premises under which Operating Reserve policy shall be developed. (Primary Reserve, Spinning reserve, Minimum Operating reserve, Operating reserve mix & System spread of operating reserve) Annual review of Operating reserve policy Records keeping by System operator of significant alterations to Operating reserve policy.

FREQUENCY CONTROL AND OPERATING RESERVE


Amount of Operating Reserve System operator roles in determination of magnitude

and content of total Operating reserve. Generator responsibilities on plant availability information to System operator. Transmission resources and weather information records keeping by System Operator for future load prediction. Managing errors in load forecasting in the use of operating reserve Operating Reserve Procurement Use of Ancillary services for ensuring Operating reserve procurement during pre transition, Transition, Medium term and final stages of the electricity

VOLTAGE CONTROL
Objective Achieving healthy Transmission system voltage profile. General System operator roles in the dispatch of reactive power all over the grid towards ensuring appropriate voltages all over the grid. Voltage Control Scope of System Operators responsibilities in dispatch instructions and control facilities adjustment towards maintaining proper voltages at all points of the grid including interconnection points. Remedies and penalties management regarding user

VOLTAGE CONTROL
Voltage Control policy Transmission System losses Management Use of Operating Procedures in Voltage control Voltage Control methods Approved voltage control methods Continuous Monitoring of System voltages by System Operator Voltage Control during emergencies Approved additional voltage mechanisms t be utilized in System emergency conditions. Provision of voltage control Use of Ancillary services for procurement for voltage control during pre transition, Transition, Medium term and final stages of the electricity market.

BLACK START
Objective To stipulate the black start requirements the System Operator has to cater for

General Identifying generators that can start themselves and other generators on the grid after a total shut down. Rules and contracts needs for ensuring this is put in place
Ancillary Service Procurement of Black start as an ancillary service.

Requirements Requirements for black start stations that must be set out by the System Operator

Objective Outline general restoration strategy to be adopted by the System operator following a partial or total shutdown of the grid System General Clarification of the various operating states of the grid system (Normal, Alert, Emergency extreme & Emergency restorative states) Emergency operation Responsibilities of the System Operator whenever the system shifts out of the normal operating state. System operator responsibilities including putting in place of procedures to ensure minimum emergency requirements of all users of the grid.

EMERGENCY OPERATION AND RESTORATION

EMERGENCY OPERATION AND RESTORATION


Restoration of supply Development and maintenance of well documented

power system restoration plan by the System Operator Training needs and requirements of system operators personnel. In extreme operating state mock test with all stakeholders once a year. Back-up Control Centre Plan for permanent fully staffed control center that can take over seamlessly in event NCC becomes inoperable. Staff of the back up control centre shall be well trained.

EMERGENCY OPERATION AND RESTORATION


Emergency co-ordination facility The System operator shall provide a permanent emergency coordination facility as part of the restoration plan. This facility shall contain minimum communications capability needed for operating the system in event of simultaneous failure of both the NCC and the backup control centre. Basic capability listing of the emergency coordination facility Under Frequency Load shedding Policy & Analysis Under frequency load shedding scheme Coordination Testing Manual Load shedding Re-Synchronization.

Objective

OPERATIONAL PLANNING
system operations in the short and medium term.

To specify plans to be applied by the System operator to ensure proper

General
Activities to be performed include Data base creation, compilation of

minimum and peak load models for present year and 5 years ahead, load flow and fault level case studies.
Other contingency plans including under frequency case

studies.
Proper documenting of these plans and placement in the national

control room.
Transmission reinforcement and expansion studies to

accommodate new operating conditions and users

PLANNING OPERATIONAL Functions of the Operational Planning staff Development of operational plans, Maintenance of plans, Implementation of plans, Information and Training, Annually review under frequency load shedding scheme. The staff shall be experienced in operation and planning of power systems with appropriate skills in Technical operational studies.
Data required for Medium Term and operational

Planning
All users to provide by week 32 of each year the following data Maximum Demand profiles per connection point Active and Reactive power profiles Day ahead demand forecasts ,System operator to develop a demand forecast methodology

that follows specific times as stipulated in grid code and market rules

OPERATIONAL PLANNING
Actual Demand Control data
Data to be supplied by distribution network operators and

grid connected end users daily.


Connections
New connection notification information details to System

operator by users.
Changes to Information Already Supplied All users must update the system operator in writing on every change to information previously supplied. Monthly and weekly confirmation criteria.
Timing and publication Day ahead forecast demand for the entire system shall be published daily at 11.00hrs.

INFORMATION EXCHANGE
Objective

General
Requirement to notify Notification of an operation

Form of notification of an operation


Recording of an operation Timing in respect of an operation

Notification of events
Form of notification of an event

You might also like