Planer Machine
Planer Machine
Planer Machine
Presented By:
Purusharth
Priyanka
Mahato
Priyanka Naik
Priyadarshini
What is a planer ?
A planer is a type of metalworking machine
tool that is some what similar to a shaper, but
larger, and with the entire workpiece moving
beneath the cutter, instead of the cutter moving
above a stationary workpiece. The work table is
moved back and forth on the bed beneath the
cutting head either by mechanical means, such
as a rack and pinion gear, or by a hydraulic
cylinder.
Planers and shapers were used generally for two
types of work: generating accurate flat surfaces
and cutting slots.
Rack and Pinion gear
Contd……..
Uses Of a Modern Planer
Modern planers are used by smaller tool and die
shops within larger production facilities to
maintain and repair large stamping dies and
plastic injection moulds. Additional uses include
any other task where an abnormally large
(usually in the range of 4'×8' or more) block of
metal must be squared when a horizontal
grinder or floor mill is unavailable, too
expensive, or impractical to use. While not as
precise as grinding, a planer can remove a
tremendous amount of material in one pass
with high accuracy.
Contd……..
PLANER
OPERATIONS
Introduction
Operations performed in a planer are similar
to that of a shaper. The only difference is
that a planer is specially designed for
planning large work, whereas a shaper can
machine only small work. The common
types of work machined in a planer are: the
bases and tables of all kinds of machine
tools, large structures, frames of different
engines and identical pieces of work which
may be small in size but large in number.
The common operations
performed in a planer are:
Planning flat horizontal surfaces.
Planning vertical surfaces.
Planning at an angle and machining
dovetails.
Planning curved surfaces.
Planning slots and grooves.
Planning horizontal
surfaces:-
While machining horizontal surface, the
work is given a reciprocating movement
along with the table and the tool is fed
crosswise to complete the cut. Both the
railheads may be used for simultaneous
removal of the metal from two cutting
edges.
Planning vertical
surface:-
The vertical surface of a work is planed
by adjusting the saddle horizontally along
the cross rail until the tool is in a position
to give the required depth of cut. The
vertical slide is adjusted perpendicular to
the planer table and the apron is swiveled
in a direction so that the tool will swing
clear out of the machined surface during
the return stroke.
Planning angular
surface:-
For dovetail work , cutting v –grooves
etc. the tool head is swiveled to the
required angle and the apron is then
further swiveled away from the work to
give relief to the tool cutting edges
during the return stroke.
Planning curved
surface:-
This illustrates simple method of planning
a concave surface with the aid of a
special fixture consisting of a radius arm
3 and a bracket 2. the bracket is
connected to the cross member attached
to the two housings. One end of the
radius arm 3 is pivoted on the bracket
and the other end to the vertical slide 4 of
the tool head. The down feed screw of
the tool head is removed.
Planning slots or
grooves:-
Slots or grooves are cut by using slotting
tools. The operations is similar to that of a
shaper.
PLANNER TOOLS
The cutting tools used on planers are
all single point cutting tools.
They are in general similar in shapes
and tool angles to those used on a
lathe and shaping machine.
As a planer tool has to take up heavy
cut and coarse feed during a long
cutting stroke , the tools are made
heavier and larger in cross section.
Planner tools may be solid , forged type or
bit type.
Bits are made of high speed steel, stellite
or cemented carbide and they may be
brazed , welded or clamped on a mild
steel shank.
Cemented carbide tipped tools are used
for production work.
A planer tool may also be classified as
right hand or left hand and roughing or
finishing .
The typical tools used in a
planer are:- Right hand round
nosed roughing tool for cast
iron.
Right hand round nosed
roughing tool for steel.
Square nosed side facing
roughing tool for cast iron.
Gooseneck finishing tool for
cast iron and steel.
Left hand dovetail end
cutting roughing tool for
cast iron.
Cutting Speed ,Feed And
Depth Of Cut.
Cutting speed.
Feed.
Depth of cut.
CUTTING SPEED:
The cutting speed of a planner is the
rate at the metal is removed during
the forward cutting stroke.
FEED:-
Thefeed in planning machine is the
distance the tool head travels at the
beginning of each cutting stroke
expressed in mm per double stroke.
DEPTH OF CUT.
It is the thickness of metal removed in
one cut and is measured by the
perpendicular distance between the
machined and no machined surface
expressed in mm.
MACHINING TIME.
Thecutting speed , feed , length of
cutting stroke , breadth of the job and
number of double strokes per minute
for a planer operation are known , the
machining time required for one
complete cut may be calculated .
SHAPER VERSUS PLANER
Shaper and planer are both reciprocating
machine tools and both of them are
primarily intended to produce flat surface
, but they differ very much in
construction , operation and use.
SAFTEY ON THE
PLANNER.
Protect the machine from burrs and
irregularities of the work pieces .
Leveling of machine tables should of
the maintained properly.
Use of crane in fixing the work piece
should be done carefully. The operator
must attach a clamps and a sling
before the part is picked up by the
crane.
For the surfacing work the tool head is set
vertically . Appropriate tests should be
carried out for the same.
The depth of the cu and the feed rate are
always dependent on materials of tool and
work piece . It should not be set at a high
value just because the planner is a
powerful machine tool.
Safety clutch must be provide for feed and
power rapid traverse , to prevent breakage
in the event the table should run against an
obstruction.
Useof vertical power rapid traverse for
feeding the table should never be allowed.
THANK
YOU