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    Consonants

    Uploaded by

    Faisal Akbar
    The document summarizes some of the key consonant sounds in English phonetics and phonology. It describes plosives such as /p/, /t/, /k/, /b/, /d/, /g/ and their place and manner of articulation. It also discusses fricatives like /f/, /s/, /θ/ and affricates like /tʃ/ and /dʒ/. The document notes the three nasal consonants /m/, /n/, /ŋ/ and their places of articulation. It also briefly describes the lateral /l/, approximant /r/, and semivowels /j/ and /w/.

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    Consonants

    Uploaded by

    Faisal Akbar
    64 views2 pages
    The document summarizes some of the key consonant sounds in English phonetics and phonology. It describes plosives such as /p/, /t/, /k/, /b/, /d/, /g/ and their place and manner of articulation. It also discusses fricatives like /f/, /s/, /θ/ and affricates like /tʃ/ and /dʒ/. The document notes the three nasal consonants /m/, /n/, /ŋ/ and their places of articulation. It also briefly describes the lateral /l/, approximant /r/, and semivowels /j/ and /w/.

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    The document summarizes some of the key consonant sounds in English phonetics and phonology. It describes plosives such as /p/, /t/, /k/, /b/, /d/, /g/ and their place and manner of articulation. It also discusses fricatives like /f/, /s/, /θ/ and affricates like /tʃ/ and /dʒ/. The document notes the three nasal consonants /m/, /n/, /ŋ/ and their places of articulation. It also briefly describes the lateral /l/, approximant /r/, and semivowels /j/ and /w/.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    64 views2 pages

    Consonants

    Uploaded by

    Faisal Akbar
    The document summarizes some of the key consonant sounds in English phonetics and phonology. It describes plosives such as /p/, /t/, /k/, /b/, /d/, /g/ and their place and manner of articulation. It also discusses fricatives like /f/, /s/, /θ/ and affricates like /tʃ/ and /dʒ/. The document notes the three nasal consonants /m/, /n/, /ŋ/ and their places of articulation. It also briefly describes the lateral /l/, approximant /r/, and semivowels /j/ and /w/.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    English Phonetics and Phonology

    Fernando Trujillo

    The consonants
    Plosives
    Perhaps plosives are the easiest sounds to teach and learn in an English-Spanish 2LL course. Plosives are defined as consonant sounds which involve, first, a stricture of the mouth that allows no air to escape from the vocal tract and, second, the compression and release of the air. So, there are four phases in the production of plosives: closure, hold, release and post-release. English has six plosive consonants, p, t, k, b, d, g. /p/ and /b/ are bilabial, that is, the lips are pressed together. /t/ and /d/ are alveolar, so the tongue is pressed against the alveolar ridge. /k/ and /g/ are velar; the back of the tongue is pressed against an intermediate area between the hard and the soft palate. /p/, /t/ and /k/ are voiceless. /b/, /d/ and /g/ are normally voiced. The release of the voiceless plosives is followed by audible plosion and, in the postrelease phase, by an aspiration. So, the most noticeable difference between the voiceless and the voiced plosives is this aspiration. In VC position, the vowels preceding the voiceless plosives are much shorter. Place of articulation bilabial alveolar Velar Voiceless p t K Voiced b d G

    Fricatives and Affricates


    Fricatives are characterised by a hissing sound which is produced by the air escaping through a small passage in the mouth. Affricates begin as plosives and end as fricatives. These are homorganic sounds, that is, the same articulator produces both sound, the plosive and the fricative. Place of articulation labiodental dental alveolar Palato-alveolar Glottal Voiceless F s h Voiced V z Fricatives Voiceless fricatives have the effect of shortening the preceding vowel, in the same way as voiceless plosives. Place of articulation Palato-alveolar Voiceless t Voiced d Affricates

    English Phonetics and Phonology

    Fernando Trujillo

    Nasals
    The basic feature of a nasal is that the air escapes through the nose and the main difference between the three types of nasals is the point where the air is stopped in the mouth. In this sense, there are three types of nasals: bilabial /m/, alveolar /n/ and velar //. This last velar sound never occurs in initial position; in medial position, it may appear with or without a /g/ sound, depending on whether it occurs at the end of a morpheme or not. If it occurs in the middle of a morpheme it has a following /g/. In final position the preceding rule is observed. Bilabial Alveolar Velar Nasals m n

    Lateral /l/
    A lateral consonant is one in which air escapes from the mouth along the sides of the tongue. The only additional information about the lateral /l/ is the existence of a clear /l/ at initial position and a dark /l/, when it is final or medial preceding a consonant. The dark /l/ is similar to an /u/ vowel.

    Approximant /r/
    The approximant /r/ is produced by the tip of the tongue approaching the alveolar area but it never touches it. Besides, the tongue is slightly curled backwards with the tip raised (this is called to be retroflex). In RP this sound only occurs before vowels. However, many accents of English do pronounce /r/ after vowels. This is the difference between non-rhotic and rhotic accents.

    /j/ and /w/


    These two sounds are phonetically vowels but phonologically consonants. That is, phonetically they are pronounced as /i:/ and /u:/ but a little bit shorter. But, then, they only occur before vowel phonemes.

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