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    Linux Commnd

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    dhivya
    The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands organized into categories including file handling, text processing, system administration, process management, archival, network, file systems, and advanced commands. It describes the purpose and usage of common commands like ls, cd, grep, find, kill, tar, ssh, mount, reboot and includes examples. Sources for learning commands are given as the manual pages and books/online references.

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    Linux Commnd

    Uploaded by

    dhivya
    66 views26 pages
    The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands organized into categories including file handling, text processing, system administration, process management, archival, network, file systems, and advanced commands. It describes the purpose and usage of common commands like ls, cd, grep, find, kill, tar, ssh, mount, reboot and includes examples. Sources for learning commands are given as the manual pages and books/online references.

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    command for linux

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    The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands organized into categories including file handling, text processing, system administration, process management, archival, network, file systems, and advanced commands. It describes the purpose and usage of common commands like ls, cd, grep, find, kill, tar, ssh, mount, reboot and includes examples. Sources for learning commands are given as the manual pages and books/online references.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    66 views26 pages

    Linux Commnd

    Uploaded by

    dhivya
    The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands organized into categories including file handling, text processing, system administration, process management, archival, network, file systems, and advanced commands. It describes the purpose and usage of common commands like ls, cd, grep, find, kill, tar, ssh, mount, reboot and includes examples. Sources for learning commands are given as the manual pages and books/online references.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 26

    Linux Basic Commands

    Y.Shashidhar shashi@cse.iitb.ac.in

    Basic Linux Commands


    File Handling Text Processing System Administration Process Management Archival Network File Systems Advanced Commands

    Sources to learn commands??

    Primary man(manual) pages.

    man <command> - shows all information about the command <command> --help - shows the available options for that command

    Secondary Books and Internet

    File Handling commands


    mkdir make directories Usage: mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY... eg. mkdir prabhat ls list directory contents Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]... eg. ls, ls -l, ls prabhat cd changes directories Usage: cd [DIRECTORY] eg. cd prabhat

    File Handling(contd...)
    pwd - print name of current working directory Usage: pwd vim Vi Improved, a programmers text editor Usage: vim [OPTION] [file]... eg. vim file1.txt

    File Handling(contd...)

    cp copy files and directories Usage: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST eg. cp sample.txt sample_copy.txt cp sample_copy.txt target_dir mv move (rename) files Usage: mv [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST eg. mv source.txt target_dir mv old.txt new.txt

    File Handling(contd...)
    rm - remove files or directories
    Usage: rm [OPTION]... FILE... eg. rm file1.txt , rm -rf some_dir

    find search for files in a directory hierarchy Usage: find [OPTION] [path] [pattern] eg. find file1.txt, find -name file1.txt history prints recently used commands Usage: history

    Pattern
    A Pattern is an expression that describes a set of strings which is used to give a concise description of a set, without having to list all elements. eg. ab*cd matches anything that starts with ab and ends with cd etc. ls *.txt prints all text files

    Text Processing
    cat concatenate files and print on the standard output Usage: cat [OPTION] [FILE]... eg. cat file1.txt file2.txt cat -n file1.txt echo display a line of text Usage: echo [OPTION] [string] ... eg. echo I love India echo $HOME

    Text Processing(contd...)
    grep - print lines matching a pattern Usage: grep [OPTION] PATTERN [FILE]... eg. grep -i apple sample.txt wc - print the number of newlines, words, and bytes in files Usage: wc [OPTION]... [FILE]... eg. wc file1.txt wc -L file1.txt

    Text Processing(contd...)
    sort sort lines of text files Usage: sort [OPTION]... [FILE]... eg. sort file1.txt sort -r file1.txt

    3 types of file permissions read, write, execute 10 bit format from 'ls -l' command 1 234 567 8 9 10 file type owner group others

    Linux File Permissions

    eg. drwxrw-r-- means owner has all three permissions, group has read and write, others have only read permission read permission 4, write 2, execute -1 eg. rwxrw-r-- = 764 673 = rw-rwx-wx

    System Administration
    chmod change file access permissions Usage: chmod [OPTION] [MODE] [FILE] eg. chmod 744 calculate.sh chown change file owner and group Usage: chown [OPTION]... OWNER[:[GROUP]] FILE... eg. chown remo myfile.txt

    System Administration (contd...)


    su change user ID or become super-user Usage: su [OPTION] [LOGIN] eg. su remo, su passwd update a users authentication tokens(s) Usage: passwd [OPTION] eg. passwd who show who is logged on Usage: who [OPTION] eg. who , who -b , who -q

    Process Management
    ps report a snapshot of the current processes Usage: ps [OPTION] eg. ps, ps -el kill to kill a process(using signal mechanism) Usage: kill [OPTION] pid eg. kill -9 2275

    Archival
    tar to archive a file Usage: tar [OPTION] DEST SOURCE eg. tar -cvf /home/archive.tar /home/original tar -xvf /home/archive.tar zip package and compress (archive) files Usage: zip [OPTION] DEST SOURSE eg. zip original.zip original unzip list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive Usage: unzip filename eg. unzip original.zip

    ssh SSH client (remote login program) ssh is a program for logging into a remote machine and for
    executing commands on a remote machine

    Network

    Usage: ssh [options] [user]@hostname eg. ssh -X guest@10.105.11.20 scp secure copy (remote file copy program) scp copies files between hosts on a network Usage: scp [options] [[user]@host1:file1] [[user]@host2:file2]
    eg. scp file1.txt guest@10.105.11.20:~/Desktop/

    File Systems
    fdisk partition manipulator eg. sudo fdisk -l mount mount a file system Usage: mount -t type device dir eg. mount /dev/sda5 /media/target umount unmount file systems Usage: umount [OPTIONS] dir | device... eg. umount /media/target

    File Systems(contd...)
    du estimate file space usage Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]... eg. du df report filesystem disk space usage Usage: df [OPTION]... [FILE]... eg. df quota display disk usage and limits Usage: quota [OPTION] eg. quota -v

    Advanced Commands
    reboot reboot the system Usage: reboot [OPTION] eg. reboot poweroff power off the system Usage: poweroff [OPTION] eg. poweroff

    Suggested !aterial
    The UNIX Programming Environment by Kernighan and Pike (PrenticeHall) Your UNIX: The Ultimate Guide by Sumitabha Das

    Thank You

    Editor commands
    kate KDE Advanced Text Editor Usage: kate [options][file(s)] eg. kate file1.txt file2.txt vim Vi Improved, a programmers text editor Usage: vim [OPTION] [file]... eg. vi hello.c gedit - A text Editor. Used to create and edit files. Usage: gedit [OPTION] [FILE]... eg. gedit

    Process Management(contd...)
    bg make a foreground process to run in background Usage: type 'ctrl+z' and then 'bg <job id>' fg to make background process as foreground process Usage: fg [jobid] jobs displays the names and ids of background jobs Usage: jobs

    Advanced Commands (contd...)


    sed - stream editor for filtering and transforming text Usage: sed [OPTION] [input-file]... eg. sed 's/love/hate/g' loveletter.txt awk - pattern scanning and processing language eg. awk -F: '{ print $1 }' sample_awk.txt

    find - search for files in a directory hierarchy Usage: find [OPTION] [path] [pattern] eg. find -name file1.txt locate find or locate a file Usage: locate [OPTION]... FILE... eg. locate file1.txt

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