/*This program performs matrix addition ,subtraction, multiplication ,finds the determinant and inverse of the entered matrices.

*/
#include<stdio.h>
float **matrixA;//for the first matrix
float **matrixB;//for the second matrix
float **matrixRes;//for the results of additon,multiplication and subtraction matrix
int rowA,columnA,rowB,columnB,row,column,navigate;//rowA,columnA,rowB,columnB store sizes of A and B row and column are counters
void add()
{//function to add two matrices
if((rowA==rowB)&&(columnA==columnB))
{
printf("A+B\n");//Unless the dimensions are same addition not possible
matrixRes=(float **)malloc(rowA*sizeof(float));
for(row=0;row<rowA;row++)
matrixRes[row]=(float *)malloc(columnA*sizeof(float));
for(row=0;row<rowB;row++)
{
for(column=0;column<columnB;column++)
{
matrixRes[row][column]=matrixA[row][column]+matrixB[row][column];//Add corresponding elements
printf("%.2f ",matrixRes[row][column]);
}
printf("\n");
}
for(row=0;row<rowA;row++)
free(matrixRes[row]);
free(matrixRes);
}
else
printf("Incompatible for addition\n");
}
void sub()
{
if((rowA==rowB)&&(columnA==columnB))
{//unless dimension are smae subtraction not possible
printf("A-B\n");
matrixRes=(float **)malloc(rowA*sizeof(float));
for(row=0;row<rowA;row++)
matrixRes[row]=(float *)malloc(columnA*sizeof(float));//dynamic allocation
for(row=0;row<rowB;row++)
{
for(column=0;column<columnB;column++)
{
matrixRes[row][column]=matrixA[row][column]-matrixB[row][column];//subtracting the corresponding elements
printf("%.2f ",matrixRes[row][column]);
}
printf("\n");
}
for(row=0;row<rowA;row++)
free(matrixRes[row]);
free(matrixRes);
}
else
printf("Incompatible for subtraction\n");
}
void mult()
{
if((columnA==rowB))
{//for two matrices to allow for multiplication number of column of first matrix should be equal to number of rows in other matrix
printf("A*B\n");
matrixRes=(float **)malloc(rowA*sizeof(float));
for(row=0;row<rowA;row++)
matrixRes[row]=(float *)malloc(columnB*sizeof(float));
for(row=0;row<rowB;row++)
{
for(column=0;column<columnB;column++)
{//code to multiply two matrices
matrixRes[row][column]=0;
for(navigate=0;navigate<columnA;navigate++)
matrixRes[row][column]+=matrixA[row][navigate]*matrixB[navigate][column];
printf("%.2f ",matrixRes[row][column]);
}
printf("\n");
}
for(row=0;row<rowA;row++)
free(matrixRes[row]);
free(matrixRes);
}
else
printf("Incompatible for multiplication\n");
}
float determinant(float **matrix,int size)
{
//A recursive function to get the determinant
float **temp;//the temporary matrix to store subsequent smaller matrix
float det=0;//initalise value of deteminant zero

if(size==1)
det=matrix[0][0];//in case the matrix passed has size 1
else
if(size==2)
det=matrix[0][0]*matrix[1][1]-matrix[0][1]*matrix[1][0];//in case the matrix passed has size 2
else
{

int cctr,ictr,ctr;
for(column=0;column<size;column++)
{//now we create another matrix properly exculding the first row and the element's corresponding colummn and then find its resulting determinant
temp=(float **)malloc((size-1)*sizeof(float));
for(ctr=0;ctr<size-1;ctr++)
temp[ctr]=(float *)malloc((size-1)*sizeof(float));
for(ctr=1;ctr<size;ctr++)
{
cctr=0;
for(ictr=0;ictr<size;ictr++)
{
if(ictr==column)
continue;
temp[ctr-1][cctr]=matrix[ctr][ictr];
cctr++;
}
}
det=det+pow(-1,column)*matrix[0][column]*determinant(temp,size-1);//pass the new matrix
for(ctr=0;ctr<size-1;ctr++)
free(temp[ctr]);
free(temp);
}
}
return det;//return claculated determinant
}
void matrixInverse(float **matrix,int size,float res)
{
float **tem;//matrix to store smaller matrix whose determinant we find out
int ctr,ictr,rowT,columnT;
float **matrixCft;
matrixCft=(float **)malloc(size*sizeof(float));//matrix to store cofactor matrix
tem=(float **)malloc((size-1)*sizeof(float));
for(ctr=0;ctr<size-1;ctr++)
tem[ctr]=(float *)malloc((size-1)*sizeof(float));
for(ctr=0;ctr<size;ctr++)
matrixCft[ctr]=(float *)malloc(size*sizeof(float));
for(row=0;row<size;row++)
{
for(column=0;column<size;column++)
{//we in these loops calculate the smaller matrix which is we pass to the determinant function which allows us to calculate the cofactors
rowT=0;
columnT=0;
for(ctr=0;ctr<size;ctr++)
for(ictr=0;ictr<size;ictr++)
if(ctr!=row&&ictr!=column)
{
tem[rowT][columnT++]=matrix[ctr][ictr];
if(columnT==size-1)
{
rowT++;
columnT=0;
}
}
matrixCft[row][column]=pow(-1,(row+column))*determinant(tem,size-1);//multiplying the minor obtained with appropriate power of -1 to get the cofactor
}
}
for(column=0;column<size;column++)
for(row=0;row<size;row++)
matrixCft[column][row]=matrixCft[column][row]/res;//In this step i divide the cofactor matrix with the determinant of the matrix
float **Result;
Result=(float **)malloc(size*sizeof(float));
for(ctr=0;ctr<size;ctr++)
Result[ctr]=(float *)malloc(size*sizeof(float));
for(column=0;column<size;column++)
for(row=0;row<size;row++)
Result[column][row]=matrixCft[row][column];//calulating the transpose of the cofactor matrix
for(row=0;row<size;row++)
{
for(column=0;column<size;column++)
printf("%.2f ",Result[row][column]);
printf("\n");//display the inverse
}
for(ctr=0;ctr<size-1;ctr++)
free(tem[ctr]);
free(tem);
for(row=0;row<size;row++)
{
free(Result[row]);
free(matrixCft[row]);
}
free(Result);
free(matrixCft);
}
int main()
{
printf("Enter the number of rows and column in A\n");
scanf("%d%d",&rowA,&columnA);
printf("Enter the number of rows and column in B\n");
scanf("%d%d",&rowB,&columnB);//entering sizes
matrixA=(float **)malloc(rowA*sizeof(float));
matrixB=(float **)malloc(rowB*sizeof(float));
for(row=0;row<rowA;row++)
matrixA[row]=(float *)malloc(columnA*sizeof(float));
for(row=0;row<rowA;row++)
matrixB[row]=(float *)malloc(columnB*sizeof(float));
printf("Enter the matrix A\n");
for(row=0;row<rowA;row++)//entering the matrices
for(column=0;column<columnA;column++)
scanf("%f",&matrixA[row][column]);
printf("Enter the matrix B\n");
for(row=0;row<rowB;row++)
for(column=0;column<columnB;column++)
scanf("%f",&matrixB[row][column]);
add();//performing additon,multiplication and subtraction
sub();
mult();
if(rowA==columnA)
{//It is only possible to find detrminant and inverse for square matrix so checking that condition
float resA=determinant(matrixA,rowA);
printf("Determinant of matrix A is %.2f\n",resA);
if(resA!=0)
{//If determinant is zero than inverse can not be calculated
printf("The matrix inverse is\n");
matrixInverse(matrixA,rowA,resA);
}
else
printf("The inverse can not be calculated\n");
}
else
{
printf("Determinant of matrix A can not be calculated\n");
printf("Inverse of matrix A can notbe calculated\n");
}
if(rowB==columnB)
{
float resB=determinant(matrixB,rowB);
printf("Determinant of matrix B is %.2f\n",resB);
if(resB!=0)
{//Similarly operate on matrix B
printf("The matrix inverse is\n");
matrixInverse(matrixB,rowB,resB);
}
else
printf("The inverse can not be calculated");
}
else
{
printf("Determinant of matrix B can not be calculated\n");
printf("Inverse of matrix B can not be calculated\n");
}
for(row=0;row<rowA;row++)
free(matrixA[row]);
for(row=0;row<rowB;row++)
free(matrixB[row]);
free(matrixA);
free(matrixB);
getch();
}
/*A sample run of the program is found to give rseult as:-
Enter the number of rows and column in A
3
3
Enter the number of rows and column in B
3
3
Enter the matrix A
4 5 6
4 4 7
8 9 0
Enter the matrix B
1 2 3
5 6 7
3 2 1
A+B
5.00 7.00 9.00
9.00 10.00 14.00
11.00 11.00 1.00
A-B
3.00 3.00 3.00
-1.00 -2.00 0.00
5.00 7.00 -1.00
A*B
47.00 50.00 53.00
45.00 46.00 47.00
53.00 70.00 87.00
Determinant of matrix A is 52.00
The matrix inverse is
-1.21 1.04 0.21
1.08 -0.92 -0.08
0.08 0.08 -0.08
Determinant of matrix A is 0.00
Inverse of matrix B can not be calculated
*/