Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 44 views

    Em Special Relativity

    Uploaded by

    Fernando Esteban Castro Roman
    This document summarizes the key principles of how electric and magnetic fields transform between different reference frames according to special relativity. It discusses how the electric and magnetic fields are different perspectives of the same electromagnetic field. The fields are shown to transform in such a way that certain field properties like the Lorentz invariants are preserved between frames. Specific transformations are derived for moving charges and currents.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Em Special Relativity

    Uploaded by

    Fernando Esteban Castro Roman
    44 views11 pages
    This document summarizes the key principles of how electric and magnetic fields transform between different reference frames according to special relativity. It discusses how the electric and magnetic fields are different perspectives of the same electromagnetic field. The fields are shown to transform in such a way that certain field properties like the Lorentz invariants are preserved between frames. Specific transformations are derived for moving charges and currents.

    Original Description:

    Em Special Relativity

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document summarizes the key principles of how electric and magnetic fields transform between different reference frames according to special relativity. It discusses how the electric and magnetic fields are different perspectives of the same electromagnetic field. The fields are shown to transform in such a way that certain field properties like the Lorentz invariants are preserved between frames. Specific transformations are derived for moving charges and currents.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views11 pages

    Em Special Relativity

    Uploaded by

    Fernando Esteban Castro Roman
    This document summarizes the key principles of how electric and magnetic fields transform between different reference frames according to special relativity. It discusses how the electric and magnetic fields are different perspectives of the same electromagnetic field. The fields are shown to transform in such a way that certain field properties like the Lorentz invariants are preserved between frames. Specific transformations are derived for moving charges and currents.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Special Relativity of Electric and

    Magnetic Fields
    Branislav K. Nikoli
    Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, U.S.A.
    PHYS 208 Honors: Fundamentals of Physics II
    http://www.physics.udel.edu/~bnikolic/teaching/phys208/phys208.html
    PHYS 208 Honors: Special Relativity of Electromagnetic Fields
    Electric and Magnetic Fields Depend
    on the Reference Frame
    PHYS 208 Honors: Special Relativity of Electromagnetic Fields
    Galilean Relativity
    d d d
    r r R v v V
    dt dt dt

    = + = +


    r r R

    = +


    d d
    v v a a F ma ma F
    dt dt

    = = = = =


    PHYS 208 Honors: Special Relativity of Electromagnetic Fields
    Galilean Transformations of E and B Fields:
    Weak Relativistic Approximation ( ) v c
    1 v c F F

    E E v B

    = +

    To get transformation formulas for magnetic


    field one has to use full special relativity
    derivation and then take its limit for v c
    2
    1
    B B v E
    c

    Fields are measured at the same point in space by


    experimenters at rest in each reference frame
    PHYS 208 Honors: Special Relativity of Electromagnetic Fields
    Bio-Savart Law as Coulomb Law Transformed
    Into Moving Reference Frame
    2
    0

    , 0
    4
    q r
    E B
    r
    = =

    2
    0
    0 0
    2 2 2

    4
    1
    Biot-Savar:
    4 4
    q r
    E E
    r
    q q
    B v r V r V E
    r r c

    = =

    = = =



    PHYS 208 Honors: Special Relativity of Electromagnetic Fields
    Faradays Law of EM Induction Revisited
    Motional EMF detected by an inertial
    observer may appear as a curly EMF to
    another observer
    LAB Frame:
    LOOP Frame:
    1 2
    ,1 0 ,2 0 0
    0
    ,
    (0, 0, ), (0, 0, )
    ( )
    L L
    motional
    x vt x b vt
    B B vt B B b B vt
    v B ds vB A
    = = +
    = = +
    = =

    0
    0
    0
    no motion, ( )
    (0, 0, )
    z
    F F
    F
    curly
    A
    B B x vt
    B
    B v
    t
    B
    dA vB A
    t

    = +

    = =

    ( )
    curly F L
    ABCD ABCD
    E ds E v B ds = = +




    for v c
    PHYS 208 Honors: Special Relativity of Electromagnetic Fields
    Almost Special Relativity
    0 1
    1 1
    2 2
    0
    1

    ,
    4 4
    q v q
    E j B k
    r r


    = =

    2
    0 1
    1 1 1
    2 2 2 2
    0 0
    0 0 1 1
    1 1 1
    2 2 2 2 2 2
    0 0 0
    1 1


    1
    4 4 4
    1 1 1 1


    1 0
    4 4 4
    q v q q v
    E E V B j vi k j
    r r r c
    q v q v q
    B B V E k vi j k
    c r c r r c





    = + = + =


    = = =




    ?
    PHYS 208 Honors: Special Relativity of Electromagnetic Fields
    Lorentz-Einstein Transformations of
    Electric and Magnetic Fields
    2 2
    1
    E E
    E V B
    E
    v c

    =
    +

    2
    2 2
    1
    B B
    B V E c
    B
    v c

    Simple Corollaries:
    2
    2 2 2
    1. 0, 0
    2. 0, 0
    3. EM Field Invariants: .; .
    E B B B B V E c
    B E E V B
    E B const E c B const


    = = + =

    = =
    = =




    Electric and Magnetic Fields are different facets of a single electromagnetic field
    whose particular manifestation (and division into its E and B components) depends
    largely on the chosen reference frame!
    PHYS 208 Honors: Special Relativity of Electromagnetic Fields
    Electromagnetic Field of Freely Moving
    Relativistic Charge
    MOVING (with charge) S-Frame:
    2 2
    2 2 2 3/ 2 3
    0
    1
    4 (1 sin )
    q v c R
    E
    v c R

    2
    1
    B v E
    c
    =

    3
    0
    4
    q R
    E
    R

    0 B =

    2 2
    cos , sin x vt R y z R = + =
    LAB S-Frame:
    Electric Field
    PHYS 208 Honors: Special Relativity of Electromagnetic Fields
    Electromagnetic Force Between
    Two Moving Charges
    2 2 2 2
    1
    2 2 2 3/ 2 2
    2 2 2
    0 0
    1 1

    4 (1 sin 90 ) 4
    1
    electric
    q v c q
    F qE j j
    v c r
    r v c

    = = =


    2 2
    0
    1 1
    2
    2 2 2
    1

    ( )
    4
    1
    magnetic
    q v
    F qv B qv vE j j
    c
    r v c

    = = =

    2
    2
    0 0
    2
    2 2 2 2
    2
    0
    1

    1 1
    4
    magnetic
    electric
    Lorentz electric magnetic Lorentz
    F
    v
    v
    c
    F
    q
    F F F v c j F v c
    r

    = =

    = + = =


    In the classical Galileo-Newton world signals propagate at
    infinite velocity ( ) and magnetism is absent!
    For ultrarelativistic particles
    magnetic electric
    v c F F
    c
    PHYS 208 Honors: Special Relativity of Electromagnetic Fields
    Transformation Laws for Charge and
    Current Densities
    Interaction of current a current carrying wire and a particle with charge q in two intertial frames:
    2
    0
    2
    2
    0
    1 2
    4
    2
    magnetic
    F qv B
    Iqv
    F
    c r
    A q v
    I vA F
    r c

    =
    =
    = =

    q
    r
    0 v

    +
    +
    = v v

    =
    I
    S
    q
    r
    v v

    +
    +

    = 0 v

    =
    ' S
    I

    2 2
    2 2
    2 2
    2 2
    2 2
    0
    0
    2 2
    2 2 2 2
    0
    0, 0
    ', , 1
    , ' 1 ,
    1
    ( ' )
    2
    2 1
    2
    1 1
    magnetic electric
    F F
    Q Q LA L A L L v c
    v c
    v c
    A Av c
    E
    r
    r v c
    A q v c F
    F qE
    r
    v c v c

    +
    + +
    + +
    +
    =
    = = =
    = = =

    +
    = =

    = = =

    2 2 2 2
    ,
    1 1
    proper proper
    v
    J v
    v c v c

    = = =


    2 2 2 2
    Force Transformation Law:
    '
    , '
    1 1
    y
    y
    p
    F t t F
    t F
    p F t
    v c v c


    = = =

    You might also like