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    In The History of Science

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    Jaspreet Singh
    The document discusses the history and evolution of the theory of heat into the science of thermodynamics. It describes how Count Rumford and Sadi Carnot introduced the idea in 1798 that heat and mechanical work are equivalent. Over the next century, with contributions from Rudolf Clausius, James Joule, William Thomson, and others, the "dynamical theory of heat" developed into thermodynamics, establishing relationships between heat, work, and energy.

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    In The History of Science

    Uploaded by

    Jaspreet Singh
    14 views1 page
    The document discusses the history and evolution of the theory of heat into the science of thermodynamics. It describes how Count Rumford and Sadi Carnot introduced the idea in 1798 that heat and mechanical work are equivalent. Over the next century, with contributions from Rudolf Clausius, James Joule, William Thomson, and others, the "dynamical theory of heat" developed into thermodynamics, establishing relationships between heat, work, and energy.

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    In the History of Science

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    The document discusses the history and evolution of the theory of heat into the science of thermodynamics. It describes how Count Rumford and Sadi Carnot introduced the idea in 1798 that heat and mechanical work are equivalent. Over the next century, with contributions from Rudolf Clausius, James Joule, William Thomson, and others, the "dynamical theory of heat" developed into thermodynamics, establishing relationships between heat, work, and energy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    14 views1 page

    In The History of Science

    Uploaded by

    Jaspreet Singh
    The document discusses the history and evolution of the theory of heat into the science of thermodynamics. It describes how Count Rumford and Sadi Carnot introduced the idea in 1798 that heat and mechanical work are equivalent. Over the next century, with contributions from Rudolf Clausius, James Joule, William Thomson, and others, the "dynamical theory of heat" developed into thermodynamics, establishing relationships between heat, work, and energy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 1

    In the history of science, the theory of heat or mechanical theory of heat was a theory,

    introduced in 1798 by Sir Benjamin Thompson, better known as Count Rumford and developed
    more thoroughly in 1824 by the French physicist Sadi Carnot, that heat and mechanical work are
    equivalent.
    [1]

    [2]
    It is related to the mechanical equivalent of heat. Over the next century, with the
    introduction of the second law of thermodynamics in 1850 by Rudolf Clausius, this theory
    evolved into the science of thermodynamics. In 1851, in his "On the Dynamical Theory of Heat",
    William Thomson outlined the view, as based on recent experiments by those such as James
    Joule, that heat is not a substance, but a dynamical form of mechanical effect, we perceive that
    there must be an equivalence between mechanical work and heat, as between cause and effect.
    [3]

    In the years to follow, the phrase the "dynamical theory of heat" slowly evolved into the new
    science of thermodynamics. In 1876, for instance, American civil engineer Richard Sears
    McCulloh, in his Treatise on the Mechanical Theory of Heat, stated that: the mechanical theory
    of heat, sometimes called thermo-dynamics, is that branch of science which treats of the
    phenomena of heat as effects of motion and position.
    This term was used in the 19th century to describe a number of laws, relations, and experimental
    phenomenon in relation to heat; those such as thermometry, calorimetry, combustion, specific
    heat, and discussions as to the quantity of heat released or absorbed during the expansion or
    compression of a gas, etc. One of the most famous publications, in this direction, was the
    Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwells 1871 book Theory of Heat, which introduced the
    world to Maxwell's demon, among others.
    [4]
    Another famous paper, preceding this one, is the
    1850 article On the Motive Power of Heat, and on the Laws which can be deduced from it for the
    Theory of Heat by the German physicist and mathematician Rudolf Clausius in which the
    concept of entropy began to take form.
    [5]

    The term theory of heat, being associated with either vibratory motion or energy, was
    generally used in contrast to the caloric theory, which views heat as a fluid or a weightless gas
    able to move in and out of pores in solids and found between atoms. However

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