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Useful Formulas in Fluid Therapy

This document provides formulas and guidelines for fluid therapy. It outlines calculations for correcting dehydration, maintenance fluids, total fluid needs, bicarbonate and electrolyte deficits. It also details maximum rates for administering fluids and solutions, how to calculate osmotic pressure and anion gap, and equivalents of common salts used in fluid therapy such as NaCl, NaHCO3, KCl, and calcium and magnesium supplements.

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Prabhakar Kumar
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
87 views

Useful Formulas in Fluid Therapy

This document provides formulas and guidelines for fluid therapy. It outlines calculations for correcting dehydration, maintenance fluids, total fluid needs, bicarbonate and electrolyte deficits. It also details maximum rates for administering fluids and solutions, how to calculate osmotic pressure and anion gap, and equivalents of common salts used in fluid therapy such as NaCl, NaHCO3, KCl, and calcium and magnesium supplements.

Uploaded by

Prabhakar Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Useful formulas in fluid therapy

Fluid volumes:
Correction of dehydration
% dehydration (estimate) x Body weight (kg)
Maintenance
Adults: 60 ml/kg/day
Neonates: 70 ml/kg/day
Total amount of fluid to give:
maintenance + replacement (% dehydration) + ongoing losses
Total bicarbonate deficit:
Base deficit x 0.3 x bodyweight (kg)= deficit in meq. To obtain deficit in grams, divide meq/12.
Commercial solutions are hypertonic: 5% and 8.4% NaHCO
3
. Isotonic bicarbonate is 1.3%.
To make isotonic bicarbonate:
Add 13 g NaHCO3, 260 ml of 5% or 154 ml of 8.4% to each liter of sterile water.
Correction of metabolic acidosis
If blood pH <7.2
Give _ of calculated deficit in 30 minutes, then rest over 12 hours
Correction of potassium deficit
Body weight (kg) x 0.4 x deficit
Potassium is an intracellular ion. Calculation of deficit based on serum concentration
provides only an estimate for fluid supplementation.
Maximum rate of administration: !0.5 meQ/L
Hypertonic saline: 4 ml/kg given during 5-10 minute period.
Calculation of osmotic pressure:
2[Na] (meq/L) + glucose/18 (mg/dl) + BUN/2.8 (mg/dl) = plasma osmotic pressure.
Anion gap
(Na
+
+K
+
) (Cl
-
+HCO
3
-
)=anion gap.
Calculating infusion rate
Drops per minute = total infusion volume (ml) x drops/ml
infusion time (min)
Total body water: 60% body weight
ECF fluid: 30 % BW
Blood volume: 8% BW
Interstitium: 22% BW
Intracellular fluid: 30% BW
Equivalent values of some salts used in fluid therapy
1g NaCl= 17 meq Na, Cl
1g NaHCO
3
= 12 meq Na, HCO
3
1g KCl = 14 meq K, Cl
1g CaCl
2
= 20 meq Ca
1g Ca gluconate = 4.5 meq Ca
1g Ca borogluconate = 4.1 meq Ca
1g MgSO
4
= 8.3 meq Mg
1 meq Na = 59 mg NaCl
1 meq Na = 84 mg NaHCO
3
1 meq Na = 112 Na Lactate
1 meq K = 74.5 mg KCl
1 meq Ca = 55 mg CaCl
2
1 meq Ca=224 mg Ca gluconate
1 meq Mg = 120 mg MgSO
4
Sodium : 23
Potassium: 39
Chloride: 35.5
Calcium: 40
Bicarbonate (HCO
3
): 61
Sodium bicarbonate: 84

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