Indian Standard: Code of Practice For Determination of Breaking Capacity of Shallow Foundations (
Indian Standard: Code of Practice For Determination of Breaking Capacity of Shallow Foundations (
IS 6403:1981
( Reaffirmed 1997)
i Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DETERMINATION OF BREAKING CAPACITY
OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
( First Revision)
UK 624.151.5:624.131.52 :006.76
o C’O’oyr;ghf 1981
Gr 4 November 1981
●
IS 6403:1981
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DETERMINATION OF BREAKING CAPACITY
OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
( First Revision)
$
Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee, BDC 43
Chairman Reprinting
PnoF DXNESH MOHAN Central Building Research Insti! ute ( CSIR ),
Roorkee
Members
DE R. IL BHAND~RI Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR )
Roorkec
CEXXF EN QXNEER Calcutta Port Trust, Calcutta
S rim S. GUHA ( .Mmrndt )
SHRI M. G. DLNDAVATE The Concrete Association of India, Bombay
SIiRI N. C. DUGQAL ( Alfematc )
DB R. K. DA8 GUPTA Simplex concrete Piles ( India ) Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
ADDITIONAL CBIEr ENOINEEE ( Af@mat# )
SHIU A. G. DAETIDMZ In personal capacity ( 5 Hungerfard Road, 121 Hunger-
ford Stwrt, Calcutta )
SERX V. C. DEBEPANDE The Pressure Piling Co ( I ) Pvt Ltd, Bombay
DIRECTOR ( CSMRS ) Central Water Commission, New Delhi
DLCPUTY131 RECTOB( CSMRS ) ( Afhrndt )
SHRI A. H. DIVANJI Asia Foundations and Construction Co Pvt Ltd,
Bombay
Srm~A. N. JANQLE ( Alternate)
DR JAIJDItUI NARAm Indian Gcotechnic Society, New Delhi
Prtor SWAMI SARAN ( Akmafc )
SHRI G. S. JLIN G. S. Jain & Associates, Roorkee
SHIt~ ASROX KUmAR JAIN ( Alt.rrrate )
JOINT DIRECTOR ( D ) National Buildings Organisatio,n, New Delbf
SHRI SUNIL BEEY ( Alternate )
JO~STM ~DIREOTOR REBEAXCH Ministry of Railways ( RDSO )
( Con#inucd m Page 2 )
@ Zopyright 1981
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian Cop~ight Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
,
Contlnutd
1’
5. Jrom piJAI~ I )
,i4tmbers Represmlin~
Secretnry
S~Rt K. M. MATIII-R
Deputy Dlrcc!or ( Civ Engg ), 1s1
2
,
IS 6403:1981
Indian Standard
CODE OF PMCTICE FOR
DETERhf~ATION OF BREAKING CAPACITY
OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
( First Revision)
O. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 30 January 1981, after the draft finalized by the
Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Civil Engineering Division Covncil.
0.2.1 This standard was first published in 1971. The principal modi-
fications ‘made in this revision are: (a) keeping its terminology in line with
that of other related Indian Standards, (b) giving’ generalized equations
for calculation of ultimate bearing capacity, (c) including cone penetra-
tion methods and (d) deleting adjustment for fine sand and silt.
3
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IS 6403:1981
I
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers the procedure for determining the ultimate
bearing capacity and allowable bearing pressure of shallow foundations
‘s
based on shear and allowable settlement criteria.
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall
apply.
,. 2.1.1 Net Loadinx Intensity — The net loading intensity on the foundation
is the gross inttnsity of loading minus the weight of displaced soil above
the foundation b:tse.
2.1.3 Safe Bra ring Capacity — Maxirnunl intensity of loading that the
foundation will safely carry without the risk of shear failure of soil
irrespective of any sert!ement that may occur.
2.1.4 Safe B~aring Preswre or Net Soil Pressure for spectjird settlement -
The iiltensity of )oading that will cause a permissible settlement or speci-
fied settlement of the structure.
2.1.5 Allowable Bearin~ Capactty — The net intensity of loading which
the found ati{~rl will carry without undergoing settlement in excess of rhe
permissible value for the structure under consideration but not exceeding
net safe bearing capacity.
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IS 6403:1981
3. SYMBOLS
3.1 For the purpose of this code and unless otherwise defined in the text,
the following letter symbols shall have the meaning indicated against
each:
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IS 6403:1981
4. GENERAL
I
4.z Position and fluctuation of water table should be ascertained.
Reference may be made to 1S : 1892-1979t and 1S :2132-1972$ for
guidance regarding investigations and collection of data.
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IS 6403:1981
They are: a) general shear failure, b) local shear failure and c) punch-
ing shear. The choice of which method of analysis is best suited in a
given situation is difficult to make, because only limited test data are
available on full sized tlxmdations to verify the reliability of the computed
bearing capacity. However, guidelines given in relevant clauses may be
used for guidance. Wherever possible bearing capacity calculations
shall be made on the basis of shear strengtk parameters # and c obtained
from appropriate shear tests [ sw IS :2720 ( Parts XI and XIII)*] or
from plate load test results as given in IS: M@N81t Oi from static
cone peuetratiou resistance ge obtained from static cone penetration test
as given in IS : 4968( Part 111 )-1976$.
5.0.1 Effect of Eccentricity
a) Single Eccentricity — If the load has an eccentricity e, with respect
to the centroid of the foundation in only one direction, then the
dimension of the footing in the direction of eccentricity ehall be
reduced by a length equal to 2 t. The modi%d dimension shall
be used in the bearing capacity equation and m determining the
effective area of the footing in resisting the load.
b) Double ficentrici~ — If the load has double eccentricity m and en )
wit h respect to the centroid of the footing then the effective
dimensions of the fating to be used in determining the bearing
capacity as well as in computing the effective area of the footing
in resisting the load shall be determined as given below:
L’=L-2u=
B’=B-2e,
A’ =L’x B’
5.1.1 The folIowing formulz shall be used for calculating ultimate net
bearing capacity in the case of strip footings:
a) In case of general shear failure qa = cJVe + q ( .Na — 1 ) +
+BY ~y
b) In case of local shear failure g’a = # c~e + g ( N’a – 1 ) -i-
j ByWy
The values of No, Nc, Na, Ng, WY and My may be obtained from
Table 1.
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IS 6403: 1981
5.1.2 The ultimate net bearing capacity obtained in 5.1.1 for strip
footing shall be modified to take into account, the shape of the footing,
inclinatiori of loading, depth of embedment and effect of water table.
The modified bearing capacity formula are given as under:
a) [n case of general shear = c,VC~edcic + g( .Ng — 1 ) ~adaia
failure qd } + ~ BYNy~ydyiy W’
b) In case of local shear ~ = # tNc ICdcic + q( N’a - 1 ) Jadaia
failure g’d ~ + ~ ByN’ysydyiy W’
5.1.2.1 Tbe shape factors shall be as given in Table 2.
NOTIt — The correction is to be applied only when back filIing is the with propar
compaction.
‘C=
’”=(’-%J
“=(l--;Y
5.1.2.4 E/Jbct of water tabla
5.2.1 Ba~cd on Relative Density — The formukz given in %1.1 and 5.1.2
shall be used, together with relevant shear strength parameter.
5.2.1.1 The relative density as given in Table 3 shall be used as
a guide to de[crrnine the method of analysis.
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IS 6403: 1981
I
5.2.2 Bated an S[andard Penetration Resistance Value — The standard
:. penetration resistance shall be determined as per IS : 213! -1981 ● at a
:.
number of selected points at intervals of 75 cm in the vertical direction
c;r change of strata if it takes place earlier and the average value beneath
each point shall be determined between the level of the base of the foot-
ing and the de~th equal to 1“5 to 2 times the width of foundation. In
computing the average any individual value more than 50 percent greater
than the average shall be neglected, but the values for all loose seams
shall be included.
Where # may be read from Fig. 1, Ny, ,Vq may be read from
Table 1, Sa, dQ, iq, syj dy, iy, and W’ may be obtained as in 5.1.
5.2.3 Method Based on Static Cone Penetration Test — The static cone point
resistance ‘gc’ shall be determined as per IS : 4968 ( Part 111 )- 1976t at
number of selected points at intervals of 10 to 15 cm. The observed
values shall be corrected for the dead weight of sounding rods. Then
the average value at each one of the location shall be determined between
the level of the base of the footing and the depth equal to 1~ to 2 times
the width of the footing. The average of the static cone point resistance
values shall be determined for each one of the location and minimum of
the average values shall be used in the design. The uitimate bearing
capacity of shallow strip footings on cohesionless soil deposits shall be
determined from Fig. 2.
qd = cNe SC dc i=
where
Afc == 5“14.
. ..—.—-— ...-— —
*fite~ho~(u; sundard penetration test for soils ( jrJf rmijim ).
~kfet}i(,d for subsurface sounding for soilw Part 111 Static cone penetration test
: firuxruriltin ).
. ,. .. ..
IS 6403:1981
I u
u
z
;
. 0
i%
:
q
>0
\ N
o
m
o
“u
_-— — \
z
-— -i 0
F- a
0
m
\
_____ 0
-a
,1
——
~+
1
i
__.._]
I ‘ 1-
~. _
–..+. -..
I 1
, 7
28 30 32 3fi 36 38 60 L’2 bb (+6
ANGLE OF INTERNLL FRICTION, C$ (DEGREES)
11
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IS 6403: 1981
1
,’
,.
8 tj c-m
FIG. 2 CHART FOR STATIC CONE TEST
5.3.2 Two Lir~ertd Sjstem — In the case of two layered cohesive stril
system ~’hich do not exhibit marked anisotropy the ultimate net bearing
capacity of a strip footing can be calculated by using the formula given
be[,~w:
qa - c1 N.
5.3.3 Dcsiccatcd Soil — In the case of desiccated cohesive soils, the un-
drained cohesion is likely to decrease along with depth and is likely to
getstabilized atsomedeptll below grrJl]nd kvel, usually 3“5m, if other
factors do not influence. If u plot of undrained cohesion, values as
shown ir] Fig. 4 is obtained, anti where the pressure bulb falls within the
desiccated top soil the ultimate net bearing capacity shall be obtained
f]om Table 4.
c1
c,.
u
~____i
+- ‘ -- ~~--. ~ i
;———. 1 ;n~o
,
‘:~.
;~~~/ f
.1 ---~--~-–-
!p.
~
i: ~P
.—..- . . ..— <.1“ ... . . ...!. —.l.— .’
,,
., . .. . . . i ‘“- ‘—’”-‘~’””––-;- ~1’ ,. ... L....—-..
1’
/ 06
—--- ~–+--- +.–.;-.–-.;-----~..-, .——. ..-. —,—..—
~/ ~
‘/
6 -----i---i--<--l- ---+-l- --::’!i
l---:VET/’-TT--l---TT----!i
‘t
‘bflm”ttt--l
FIG. 3 BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS FOR LAYERED
COHESIVE SOIL DEPOSITS
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IS 6403:1981 .
--
A- DECREASE IN COHESION, C
IN kgf/cm2 PER UNIT DEPTH OF
FOUNDATION SOIL IN cm
qd
—
c1
0’0 97
0“2 so
0“4 +5
0’6 40
0“8 “ !+6
1’0 3“2
A, c1 shall be obtained from the borehole data, and for a known value
of the width of the strip footing ‘B’, by trial and error qa can be
8AB
estimated by matching with -f$.
————
qd
14
.,,-.. .
IS 6403: 1981
b; ~he net soil pressure (~ec6.1.l ) that can beimposedon the base
wi[t~out the settlement exceeding the permissible values as given
iri IS : 1904- 1978* to be determined for each structure and type
of soil, that is, safe bearing pressure.
6.1.1 Safe Bearing Prersure — The permissible settlements for different
types of soil formations are specified’in IS : 1904- ~978*. The methods
for calculations of settlements for assumed pressure are specified in
IS :8009 ( Part i )- 1976t; by calculating the settlements for two or three
probable soil pressures and interpolating, the net soil pressure for per-
missible settlement may be estimated.
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IS 6403: 1981
( Continuedfrom )dgr 2 )
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Briwch offlcaa:
(First /?0vi8ion)
Alterations
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(Page 10, eb8e S.2,2, I.aetaentince)
Substitute the folloving for the exhtlng sentence:
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(73DC 43)