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    g10m Exponents

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    api-235269401

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    g10m Exponents

    Uploaded by

    api-235269401
    107 views22 pages

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    g10m exponents

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    107 views22 pages

    g10m Exponents

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    EXPONENTS

    Basic Exponent Laws


    Negative Exponents
    Exponential Expressions
    Exponential Equations
    1
    BASIC EXPONENT LAWS







    8
    2 . 2 . 2
    2
    3
    =
    =



    16
    2 . 2 . 2 . 2
    2
    4
    =
    =




    Recap of the meaning of exponents

    E.g.
    a) vs



    b) vs



    ( )
    even power
    ( )
    odd

    power
    = positive answer = negative answer
    4
    ) 2 )( 2 (
    ) 2 (
    2
    =
    =

    32
    ) 2 )( 2 )( 2 )( 2 )( 2 (
    ) 2 (
    5
    + =
    =

    Powers of -1
    2
    Reminder!

    2a = a + a = 2 x a

    a
    2
    = a . a

    (a + b)
    2

    =

    a
    2
    + 2ab + b
    2



    (a
    2
    +b
    2
    )
    3
    a
    n n
    = a
    0
    = 1

    E.g. a)




    b) 6
    0
    = 1
    c) xy
    0
    = x.1 = x
    d) 4x
    0
    + (4x)
    0
    = 4.1 + 1 = 5

    4
    4
    2
    2
    = 2
    4-4
    = 2
    0
    = 1
    Laws

    4
    a
    n
    = a . a . a . a ... to n factors

    (a > 0 and a 1, n N)

    E.g. a) 2
    5
    = 2.2.2.2.2

    b) x
    3
    = x.x.x (not x+x+x = 3x)

    c) 4xy = 4.x.x.y.y.y


    Basic Laws of Exponents
    5
    a
    n
    . a
    m
    = a
    m + n

    Eg: a) 2
    3


    . 2
    2

    = 2
    3 + 2

    = 2
    5



    = 32

    b) x
    4
    y
    6
    .3x
    5
    y
    4

    = 3x
    9
    y
    10
    Multiplying Exponents with the Same Base
    6
    (a
    m
    b
    n
    )
    p
    = a
    m.p
    b
    n.p

    E.g. a) (2
    3
    )
    4

    = 2
    3x4
    = 2
    12

    b) (2x
    6
    y
    5
    )
    4

    = 2
    4
    x
    6x4
    y
    5x4
    = 16x
    24
    y
    20

    c)

    9
    64
    3
    8
    3
    8
    2
    2
    2
    =
    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    =
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    7
    a
    n
    a
    m
    = a
    n m

    E.g. a) 3
    5
    3
    3

    = 3
    5 3
    = 3
    2
    = 9

    b) 34x
    7
    y
    3
    8x
    5
    y
    8

    = 4 x
    75
    y
    38
    = 4x
    2
    y
    -5


    Dividing Exponents with
    the Same Base
    8
    Exercise
    9
    NEGATIVE EXPONENTS
    So, if the exponent is NEGATIVE in
    the NUMERATOR => move the
    factor to the denominator and make
    the exponent POSITIVE
    So, if the exponent is NEGATIVE in the
    DENOMINATOR => move the factor to
    the numberator and make the exponent
    POSITIVE
    10
    Exercise
    Quiz: Exponents
    11
    EXPONENTIAL EXPRESSIONS
    x
    x x x


    5 . 5
    5 . 5 . 5
    0
    1 3
    E.g. a)
    Same base
    apply exponent
    laws!
    ) ( 0 ) 1 ( ) 3 (
    5
    x x x x + +
    =
    2 2
    5

    =
    x
    x x x x + + +
    =
    0 1 3
    5
    12
    x x
    x x

    3 . 6
    9 . 8
    1
    3
    E.g.

    b) Simplify
    Cant use
    Exponent Laws
    . why? .
    Different Bases! So, we make the bases the
    same by prime factorizing .
    Prime: 2; 3; 5; 7; 11; 13; 17; 19; 23
    13
    1
    3 2 3
    3 . ) 3 . 2 (
    ) 3 .( ) 2 (

    =
    x x
    x x
    1
    6 2 3
    3 . 3 2
    3 . 2

    =
    x x x
    x x
    ) 1 ( 6 2 3
    3 . 2

    =
    x x x x x
    5 2 2
    3 . 2

    =
    x x
    1
    3
    3 . 6
    9 . 8

    x x
    x x
    14
    x x
    x x x


    =
    3 . ) 2 (
    ) 3 .( ) 3 . 2 .( ) 2 (
    1 4
    1 2 3 3
    x x
    x x x


    3 . 16
    9 . 6 . 8
    1
    1 3
    x x
    x x x x


    =
    3 . 2
    3 . 3 . 2 . 2
    4 4
    2 2 3 3 3
    x x x x x x + + + +
    =
    2 2 3 4 4 3 3
    3 . 2
    1
    3 . 2

    =
    3
    2
    =
    Challenge!
    15
    ) 1 3 (
    ) 1 3 (
    ) 1 3 )( 1 3 (
    1 3
    1 9
    =
    +
    +
    =
    +

    x
    x
    x x
    x
    x
    Challenge!
    16
    Exercise
    Simplify:

    1.


    2.


    3.

    4.
    1
    27
    9
    x
    x
    x
    x x
    4 5
    2 2 2
    3 7
    3 7 3



    5
    2
    5
    5 5

    +
    n
    n n
    1 1
    3 . 4 3 . 2
    +

    n n
    17
    Solve for x:
    16 2
    2
    =
    x
    4 2
    2 2 =
    x
    4 2 = x
    EXPONENTIAL EQUATIONS
    1.

    2 = x
    2.
    18 3 . 2
    1 2
    =
    x
    9 3
    1 2
    =
    x
    2 1 2
    3 3 =
    x
    2 1 2 = x
    2
    3
    = x
    18
    Solve for x: 3.
    1
    16
    8
    1 2
    2
    =
    x
    x
    1
    ) 2 (
    ) 2 (
    1 2 4
    2 3
    =
    x
    x
    1
    2
    2
    4 8
    6
    =
    x
    x
    19
    Solve for x: 4.
    12 3 3
    1
    = +
    x x
    12 3 . 3 3
    1
    = +
    x x
    12 ) 3 1 ( 3
    1
    = +
    x
    ) 3 1 ( 12 3
    1
    + =
    x
    )
    3
    1
    1 ( 12 3 + =
    x
    4
    3
    12 3 =
    x
    9 3 =
    x
    2
    3 3 =
    x
    2 = x
    20
    Solve for x: 5.
    0 18 7
    4
    1
    2
    1
    = + x x
    0 ) 2 )( 9 (
    4
    1
    4
    1
    = + x x
    0 2 _ _ 0 9
    4
    1
    4
    1
    = = + x or x
    2 _ _ 9
    4
    1
    4
    1
    = = x or x
    4 4
    4
    1
    2 ) _( _ _ = x or Solution No
    16 = x
    21
    Exercise
    Solve for x:

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.
    49 7
    1
    =
    x
    108 3 . 4 =
    x
    25
    1
    5
    1 2
    =
    x
    0 250 5 . 2
    1
    =
    x
    22

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