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142
Chapter 5
Family and Community Involvement (English) .......................................... 143
Family and Community Involvement (Spanish) ......................................... 144
Section 5.1 ................................................................................................... 145
Section 5.2 ................................................................................................... 151
Section 5.3 ................................................................................................... 157
Section 5.4 ................................................................................................... 163
Section 5.5 ................................................................................................... 169
Section 5.6 ................................................................................................... 175
Section 5.7 ................................................................................................... 181
Technology Connection ............................................................................... 187



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143
Chapter
5
Ratios and Rates
Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________

Dear Family,
Sports and games provide an opportunity to relax and have fun with our
families and friends. The nature of competition gives us an opportunity to
explore mathematics at the same time.
When we are competing, we are often thinking about how we are doing. Are we
hitting the ball as well as we did last year? Are we running faster now than at
the beginning of the season? Are we currently winning, or is our opponent
winning? Even if we are only watching a game, many of us tend to obsess over
our favorite players and teams performances.
Spend some time with your student talking about your familys favorite sport
or game. What kinds of stats are kept about the players and events? How
does that help you understand the game? For example, you and your student
might talk about the following.
How are batting averages figured out in baseball and softball? What
does this tell you about the next time your favorite player is at bat?
What does the ratio of red pieces to black pieces tell you about how a
game of checkers is going? Whos winning?
How fast can you run a 100-meter sprint? Do you think you could run the
same speed in the 200-meter or the 400-meter?
Next time your team is playing their big rival, ask your student how he or she
could predict who will win. Do you think it matters more what each teams
average score is, or what the win-loss ratio is for the two teams? What kind of
information could help you decide which team is better?
Enjoy the game!
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144
Cap tul o
5
Razones y tasas
Nombre _______________________________________________________ Fecha ________
Estimada Familia:
Los deportes y juegos ofrecen una oportunidad para relajarse y divertirse
con nuestras familias y amigos. La naturaleza de la competencia nos da una
oportunidad para explorar las matemticas a la vez.
Cuando estamos compitiendo, a menudo estamos pensando acerca de cmo
vamos. Estamos golpeando la pelota tan bien como lo hicimos el ao anterior?
Estamos corriendo ms veloz ahora que al inicio de la temporada? Estamos
ganando actualmente o est ganando nuestro contrincante? Incluso si slo
estamos observando un juego, muchos de nosotros solemos obsesionarnos con
los rendimientos de nuestro equipo y jugador favoritos.
Pase algo de tiempo con su estudiante conversando acerca del deporte o
juego favorito de su familia. Qu tipo de estadsticas se tienen sobre los
jugadores y los eventos? Cmo te puede ayudar eso a entender el juego? Por
ejemplo, usted y su estudiante pueden hablar acerca de lo siguiente:
Cmo se calculan los promedios de bateos en bisbol y softbol? Qu
les dice esto acerca de la prxima vez que su jugador favorito tenga
que batear?
Qu les dice la relacin de pieza rojas con respecto a las negras
acerca de cmo est yendo un juego de damas? Quin est ganando?
Qu tan rpido pueden correr una carrera de 100 metros de
velocidad? Creen que pueden correr a la misma velocidad en carreras
de 200 400 metros?
La prxima vez que su equipo est jugado con su gran rival, pregunte a su
estudiante cmo puede predecir quin va a ganar. Crees que importa ms el
puntaje promedio de cada equipo o la relacin ganar-perder de los dos
equipos? Qu tipo de informacin podra ayudarte a decidir cul es el mejor
equipo?
Disfruten el juego!
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145
Acti vi ty
5.1
Start Thinking!
For use before Activity 5.1
Acti vi ty
5.1
Warm Up
For use before Activity 5.1
You want to make chocolate milk for 3 friends.
The recipe calls for 12 ounces of milk for every
2 tablespoons of chocolate syrup.
Draw a model to represent how many total parts
of milk and chocolate syrup you will need.


Multiply or divide.
1. 7 6 2. 4 9 3. 10 3
4. 40 4 5. 27 3 6. 48 6
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Lesson
5.1
Warm Up
For use before Lesson 5.1
Lesson
5.1
Start Thinking!
For use before Lesson 5.1
A soccer ball is made up of 12 pentagons and
20 hexagons. Draw a diagram to represent the
relationship between the two quantities.
Draw another diagram using objects in your
classroom.


Use a table or diagram to represent the
relationship between the two quantities.
1. For every 4 pencils, there are 9 pens.
2. For every 15 girls, there are 11 boys.
3. For each bowl, there are 21 pretzels.
4. For every 16 pictures, there are 8 frames.
5. For every 20 apples, there is 1 basket.
6. For every 6 pages, there are 17 paper clips.
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147
5.1 Practice A
Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________
Write the ratio in two ways. Explain what the ratio means.
1. flies to lizards 2. cars : trucks
3. notebooks : pencils 4. hamburgers to hot dogs
Use the table to write the ratio. Explain
what the ratio means.
5. tubas : flutes 6. trumpets : tubas
7. flutes : tubas 8. trumpets : flutes
You and a friend make a total of 45 bird houses. Use the tape diagram to
find how many bird houses you make.
9.
10.
11. There are 3 buses to carry 96 students on a field trip. Write the ratio of
buses to students.
12. There are 18 pieces of chalk. The ratio of chalk that is yellow to chalk that
is not yellow is 1 : 2. How many pieces of chalk are yellow?
13. The ratio of students to teachers at a school is 19 : 1. How many students
are there in each total number of people?
a. 100 people b. 280 people c. 440 people d. 760 people
14. You spend 90 minutes practicing flip tricks and slides on your skate board.
The ratio of time spent on flip tricks to time spent on slides is 7 : 8. How
much time do you spend practicing slides?
Instrument Number
Tubas 2
Flutes 5
Trumpets 3
You:
Friend:
You:
Friend:
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148
5.1 Practice B
Name _________________________________________________________ Date _________
Write the ratio. Explain what the ratio means.
1. 2.
circles to triangles triangles to circles
You and a friend tutor a total of 18 hours. Use the tape diagram to find how
many hours you tutor.
3.
4.
5. In a recipe, the ratio of fluid ounces of water to fluid ounces of tomato
paste is 3 : 4. You plan to make 35 fluid ounces of sauce. How many
fluid ounces of tomato paste do you need?
6. A middle school band has 45 sixth and seventh graders. The ratio of
sixth graders to seventh graders is 2 to 3. How many sixth graders are
in the band? Explain how you got your answer.
7. The ratio of the ages (in years) of three children is 2 : 4 : 5. The sum of
their ages is 33. What is the age of each child?
8. You make a necklace using blue, purple, and green beads in a ratio of
1 : 1 : 2. You use a total of 168 beads. How many green beads are in the
necklace?
9. A caterer makes 3 extra sandwiches for every 20 sandwiches a customer
orders.
a. Write the ratio of ordered sandwiches to extra sandwiches.
b. The caterer makes a total of 184 sandwiches for a customer. How many
sandwiches did the customer order?
You:
Friend:
You:
Friend:
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149
5.1 Enrichment and Extension
Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________
Odds
A ratio comparing the number of ways an event can occur (called favorable
outcomes) to the number of ways the event cannot occur (unfavorable outcomes)
is called the odds of an event. By adding the two parts of the ratio together, you
get the total number of possible outcomes.
Example: Find the odds that a coin will land on heads when flipped. Then find
the total number of possible outcomes.
When you flip a coin, it can land on either heads or tails.
Heads : Tails
1 : 1
1 1 2 + =
Make a labeled ratio.
Rewrite using numbers.
Add both parts of the ratio to find the total number
of possibilities.

So, the odds that a coin will land on heads when flipped are 1 : 1 and the total
number of possible outcomes is 2.
Find the odds of each event happening as well as the total number of
possible outcomes.
1. A number cube is rolled, and it lands on 3.
2. A number cube is rolled, and it lands on a multiple of 2.
3. A letter is randomly chosen from the word mirror, and you choose an r.
4. A letter is randomly chosen from the word mirror, and you choose an x.
5. A spinner with eight equal sections numbered 1 through 8 is spun, and you
get an even number.
6. A bag contains 4 blue marbles, 3 yellow marbles and 6 green marbles. You
pick a blue marble out of the bag.
7. A standard deck of playing cards contains 52 cards. There are 13 cards of
each suit (hearts, diamonds, clubs and spades). You draw a diamond card.
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150
Write the ratio.
A. circles to squares B. triangles to
parallelograms

C. multiplication signs D. dollar signs to arrows
to equal signs

E. addition signs to F. squares to triangles to
division signs circles

Use the table to write the ratio.

G. rock to music H. music to country
I. hip hop : music J. rock : country
K. hip hop to jazz L. rock : country : hip hop


Puzzle Time
Name _________________________________________________________ Date _________



Did You Hear About The...
A B C D E F
G H I J K L
Complete each exercise. Find the answer in the answer column. Write the word
under the answer in the box containing the exercise letter.

17 to 5
AND
2 : 11
FAST
3 to 7; 3 : 7

THAT
4 to 5; 4 : 5

INTO
75

COW
25
SUNSHINE
3 to 4; 3 : 4
TWO
65

CART
7 to 2
AN
5 to 6; 5 : 6

HORSE
3 : 5
WAS
1 to 6; 1 : 6
MUST
12

HAPPY
2 to 3 to 4;
2 : 3 : 4
EACH
3 : 5 : 7
OXIDENT
4 to 6; 4 : 6
OXEN
7 : 17
IT
6 to 3; 6 : 3
BUMPED
1 to 2; 1 : 2

ROCKS
80
GRASS
3 to 17

OTHER
64

WEATHER

5.1
Music Rock Hip Hop Country Jazz
Number 3 7 5 2
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151
Acti vi ty
5.2
Start Thinking!
For use before Activity 5.2
Acti vi ty
5.2
Warm Up
For use before Activity 5.2
A ratio is a comparison of two quantities.
How do ratios relate to making cookies?



Use the figures to write the ratio.
1. circles to triangles
2. triangles to rectangles
3. rectangles to circles
4. triangles to total number
of figures
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Lesson
5.2
Warm Up
For use before Lesson 5.2
Lesson
5.2
Start Thinking!
For use before Lesson 5.2
Your friend is mixing clothes dye to color a
white T-shirt. He mixes 2 drops of blue with
3 drops of yellow. He discovers that the color
is not dark enough.
Explain how a ratio table would help him
darken his green dye.


Write several ratios that describe the collection.
1. stars to hearts 2. squares to triangles



3. circles to arrows 4. trapezoids to hexagons




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153
5.2 Practice A
Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________
Write several ratios that describe the collection.
1. paper clips to index cards 2. books to pencils





Find the missing value in the ratio table. Then write the equivalent ratios.
3. 4.
Complete the ratio table to solve the problem.
5. For every 2 cars you wash, your 6. Your closet has 5 shirts for every
friend washes 3 cars. You wash 2 sweaters. Your closet has
a total of 8 cars. How many does 30 shirts. How many sweaters
your friend wash? are in your closet?

7. You are making a salad. The ratio of olives to croutons is 5 : 3. You put
12 croutons in your salad. How many olives do you put in your salad?



You Friend
2 3


8

Shirts Sweaters
5 2
10
10
30
Cars Trucks
3 5
6

TVs Computers
2 7
21
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5.2
Practice B
Name _________________________________________________________ Date _________
Find the missing value in the ratio table. Then write the equivalent ratios.
1. 2.
Complete the ratio table to solve the problem.
3. You baked 42 chocolate cupcakes and 28 red velvet
cupcakes. You package them in boxes that have the
same ratio of chocolate to red velvet as the total
cupcakes. How many red velvet cupcakes are in a
box that has 24 chocolate cupcakes?
4. The number of free song downloads is determined
using a ratio. When you purchase 40 songs, you
get 24 free song downloads. How many songs
must you purchase in order to get 18 free song
downloads?
5. Describe and correct the error in making the ratio table.






Flutes Clarinets
10 8
5
16

Green Blue
12 16
4
36
Chocolate Red Velvet
42 28

24
Purchase Free
40 24

18
A B
64 32
56 24
48 16
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155
5.2 Enrichment and Extension
Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________
The Golden Ratio
1. Which of the rectangles below do you think is most visually pleasing?
2. In Exercise 1, many people will choose Rectangle B. This rectangle is
an example of a golden rectangle. The ratio of the length to the width in
a golden rectangle is called the golden ratio. Use a ruler to approximate
the golden ratio.
3. Consider the following pattern, called the Fibonacci sequence.
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, . . .
a. Describe the pattern.
b. Find the next three numbers in the pattern.
c. Starting at the third number in the pattern, find the ratio of each number
to the previous number.
d. Write each ratio in part (c) as a : 1, where a is rounded to the nearest
thousandth, if necessary.
e. The ratios are approaching the golden ratio. Make a new approximation
of the golden ratio.
4. List several common rectangular objects that are close to the shape of a
golden rectangle.
5. Use the Internet or another resource to find three other names for the
golden ratio.
Rectangle A Rectangle B Rectangle C
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Puzzle Time
Name _________________________________________________________ Date _________



How Can A Leopard Change His Spots?
Write the letter of each answer in the box containing the exercise number.
Find the missing value(s) in the ratio table.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
Complete the ratio table to solve the problem.
7. For every 2 laps you swim, your friend swims 3 laps.
You swim a total of 8 laps. How many laps does your
friend swim?


8. An amusement park sells 5 bottles of water for every
2 bottles of juice. In one hour, the amusement park
sells 20 bottles of water. How many bottles of juice
does the amusement park sell?


6 2 8 3 1 5 7 4

Answers
I. 6, 6
Y. 22
M. 8
V. 4
G. 6, 24
N. 12
O. 10, 18
B. 8, 9
5.2
Butterflies 2
Flowers 7 14
Nickels 6 12
Dimes 11
Apples 5 15
Oranges 6 12
Carrots 8 16
Cucumbers 3 9
Cats 3 9
Dogs 2 4
Pens 3 6
Pencils 4 12
You 2 8
Friend 3
Water 5 20
Juice 2
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157
Acti vi ty
5.3
Warm Up
For use before Activity 5.3
Acti vi ty
5.3
Start Thinking!
For use before Activity 5.3
A grocery store has three options for your
favorite hot breakfast cereal: single serving
containers, a box of several single serving
packets, and a large container. How can you
decide which is the best buy for your money?

Complete the statement.
1. 1 hour ? = minutes
2. 1 week ? = days
3. 1 foot ? = yard
4. 1 foot ? = inches
5. 1 year ? = days
6. 1 year ? = weeks
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Lesson
5.3
Warm Up
For use before Lesson 5.3
Lesson
5.3
Start Thinking!
For use before Lesson 5.3
What is the speed limit on your street?
A speed limit is an example of a ratio using
two different units.
What are the two units in the speed limit?
What is another example of a ratio using
two different units that you use in your
day-to-day life?


Write a rate that represents the situation.
1. 2.
3. 4.

0
Hours
Dollars
1 2 3 4
$15 $30 $45 $60 0
0
Hours
Miles
2 4 6 8
110 220 330 440 0
0
Seconds
Feet
1 2 3 4
5 10 15 20 0
0
Hours
Degrees
2 4 6 8
8 16 24 32 0
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159
5.3 Practice A
Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________
Write a rate that represents the situation.
1. 2.
Write a unit rate for the situation.
3. $44 in 4 days 4. 12 haircuts in 4 hours
5. 256 heartbeats in 4 minutes 6. 15 liters in 3 minutes
7. 12 cans for 6 people 8. 27 outs in 9 innings
9. 85 drops in 5 minutes 10. 36 children from 12 families
Decide whether the rates are equivalent.
11. 17 heartbeats in 15 seconds, 12. 96 miles on 4 gallons,
68 heartbeats in 60 seconds 380 miles on 15 gallons
13. You receive 9 text messages in 12 minutes. What is the rate of text
messages per hour?
14. You studied for 14 hours last week. What was your unit rate of hours of
study per day?
15. In a walk for charity, you walk at a rate of 100 meters per minute. How
long does it take you to walk 2 kilometers?
16. A deli sells a sandwich spread for $6.40 per pound. How much do you have
to pay for 24 ounces of the spread?
17. You can buy 3 sandwiches for $4.95 or 4 sandwiches for $6.72. Which is
the better buy?
18. You can buy 20 ounces of cereal for $4.40 or 16 ounces of the same brand
for $3.68. Which is the better buy?
0
Cans
Kilograms
0
2
5
4
10
6
15
8
20
10
25
0
Holes
Strokes
0
3
10
6
20
9
30
12
40
15
50
18
60
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160
5.3 Practice B
Name _________________________________________________________ Date _________
Write a rate that represents the situation.
1. 2.
Write a unit rate for the situation.
3. 6 kittens in 3 boxes 4. $96 for 16 hours of work
5. 72 biscuits from 9 batches 6. 1800 revolutions in 50 seconds
Decide whether the rates are equivalent.
7. 35 kilometer in 25 minutes, 8. 25 minutes for $3,
14 kilometers in 10 minutes 1 hour for $6
9. An aquarium is leaking water at a rate of three quarts per day. How many
fluid ounces of water is this each hour?
10. A glacier flows at a rate of 20 meters per day. What is the flow rate in
kilometers per year?
11. A teacher keeps track of how many books are read by students in each
class. Which grade has read a higher rate of books per student? How many
more books does the other grade need to read to have the same rate?






12. Charles Lindbergh made the first solo airplane flight from New York
to Paris. His flight covered about 3610 miles in 33.5 hours.
a. Find the unit rate in miles per hour.
b. Find the unit rate in hours per mile.
c. Which is a better description of Lindberghs rate, about two miles per
minute or about two minutes per mile? Explain your reasoning.
Grade 6 Grade 7
Class A Class B Class C Class D
Students 25 31 21 23
Books Read 181 155 116 126
0
Min
Feet
0
6
20
12
40
18
60
24
80
30
100
0
Baskets
Apples
0
11
50
22
100
33
150
44
200
55
250
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161
5.3 Enrichment and Extension
Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________
How much does it cost to travel one mile?
Your aunt and uncle each fill their cars gas
tanks at the gas station whose sign is shown.
Your aunt gets 18 gallons of regular unleaded.
Her car averages 32 miles per gallon. Your
uncle gets 12 gallons of premium unleaded.
His car averages 30 miles per gallon.




1. Find your aunts unit cost for each mile she drives.
2. Find your uncles unit cost for each mile he drives.
3. Whose vehicle is getting the better value? Explain.
4. Your uncle switches to mid-grade unleaded, and his car still averages about
30 miles per gallon. How does his unit cost change? Is he getting the better
value for his vehicle compared to your aunt? Explain.
5. Suppose over time, gas prices decrease to about 80% of their current prices.
Does this change your answer to Exercise 3? Explain.
6. The United States uses about 146,000,000,000 gallons of gasoline each year.
a. How many gallons does the United States use every day?
b. Use compatible numbers to estimate how many gallons the United States
uses every minute.
c. Use compatible numbers to estimate how many gallons the United States
uses every second.
Regular Unleaded
Mid-grade Unleaded
Premium Unleaded
3.69
3.79
3.89

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162
Puzzle Time
Name _________________________________________________________ Date _________



Where Does An Umpire Like To Sit When He Is
Eating Dinner?
Write the letter of each answer in the box containing the exercise number.
Write a rate that represents the situation.
1. 45 meters in 6 seconds
2. 3 meters in 4 seconds
3. 2.80 meters in 5 seconds
4. 12 meters in 3 seconds
5. 35 meters in 20 seconds
6. 10 meters in 60 seconds
Write a unit rate for the situation.
7. $45.00 for 9 pounds
8. $24 for 3 pounds
9. $390 for 6 pounds
10. $42 for 21 pounds
11. $180 for 10 pounds
12. $864 for 8 pounds
Decide whether the rates are equivalent.
13. 9 miles in 3 hours
27 miles in 6 hours
14. 152 points in 8 games
171 points in 9 games


4 1 9 3 10 6 12 13 8 5 7 11 2 14

Answers
T. $108 per pound
P. 35 meters : 20 seconds
E. 45 meters : 6 seconds
B. 12 meters : 3 seconds
E. $8 per pound
T. 3 meters : 4 seconds
I. 2.80 meters : 5 seconds
A. $18 per pound
L. $5 per pound
D. 10 meters : 60 seconds
H. $65 per pound
N. $2 per pound
E. yes
H. no
5.3
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163
Acti vi ty
5.4
Start Thinking!
For use before Activity 5.4
Acti vi ty
5.4
Warm Up
For use before Activity 5.4
In model railroading, there are two scales that
are frequently used, the O scale and the HO scale.
The ratio of the O-scale model to a full-size railroad
is 1 inch to 48 inches. The ratio of the HO-scale
model to the full-size railroad is 1 inch to 87 inches.
Make a ratio table for each scale. Use 16 inches for
the models.

Write the unit rate for the situation.
1. $60 earned in 4 hours
2. 110 miles in 2 hours
3. 14 cups in 7 servings
4. $16.20 for 4 pounds
5. 15 feet in 3 seconds
6. 24 degrees in 6 hours
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Lesson
5.4
Warm Up
For use before Lesson 5.4
Lesson
5.4
Start Thinking!
For use before Lesson 5.4
Describe a situation that can be represented by
the graph.





Determine which car gets better gas mileage.
1.
2.
Car A B
Distance (miles) 100 95
Gallons used 4 5

Car A B
Distance (miles) 341 270
Gallons used 22 15

x
y
You
Your Friend
Distance (in miles)
T
i
m
e

(
i
n

m
i
n
u
t
e
s
)
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165
5.4
Practice A
Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________
Determine which car gets the better gas mileage.
1. 2.
Determine which is the better buy.
3. 4.
5. Protein Bar A has 15 grams of protein in a 40 gram bar. Protein Bar B
has 20 grams of protein in a 60 gram bar. Which bar has more protein
per gram?
Complete the ratio tables and graph the ordered pairs from the table. What
can you conclude?
6.
7. You are choosing a song for your dance recital. Song A has 11 beats
in 10 seconds. Song B has 7 beats in 6 seconds. Which song has the
greater rate?





Car A B
Distance (miles) 130 125
Gallons used 8 9

Car A B
Distance (miles) 400 440
Gallons used 12 15
Chord Charts A B
Cost (dollars) 13 18
Downloads 10 15

Pens A B
Cost (dollars) 5 2
Pens 20 7
Miami, FL
Time (min) Temperature Drop (F)
5 2
10
15
20
Orlando, FL
Time (min) Temperature Drop (F)
3 1
6
9
12
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166
5.4 Practice B
Name _________________________________________________________ Date _________
Determine which car gets the better gas mileage.
1. 2.
Determine which is the better buy.
3. 4.
Complete the ratio tables and graph the ordered pairs from the table. What
can you conclude?
5.
6. The deli offers a fruit salad with 5 blueberries for every 3 pieces of cantaloupe.
The deli changes the mixture to have 6 blueberries for every 4 pieces of
cantaloupe, but the number of pieces of fruit in the salad does not change.
a. Create a ratio table for each salad. How many blueberries are in the
smallest possible salad?
b. Blueberries cost less than cantaloupe. Should the company charge more
or less for the new salad? Explain your reasoning.
Car A B
Distance (miles) 510 550
Gallons used 18 20

Car A B
Distance (miles) 460 430
Gallons used 35 32
Tissues A B
Cost (dollars) 4.50 3.25
Boxes 5 3

Frozen Waffles A B
Cost (dollars) 2.29 3.59
Waffles 8 12
Ranch Dressing
Tablespoons Milligrams of Sodium
4 580
8
12
16

Ketchup
Tablespoons Milligrams of Sodium
3 400
6
9
12
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167
5.4 Enrichment and Extension
Water A B C D
Cost (dollars) 2.98 3.28 3.48 3.98
Size (bottles) 12 18 24 28
Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________
Finding the Best Buy
Determine which is the best buy.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5.
6.
7. Aisha went to the local gas station to get a gallon of milk. She saw that
the store had quart containers of milk for $1.19 while a gallon was $4.66.
Aisha bought four quarts instead of the gallon because she thought it
would be cheaper for the same amount of milk. Did Aisha save money?
Peanuts A B C
Cost (dollars) 2.80 6.20 6.99
Size (ounces) 10 20 24
Spaghetti Sauce A B C
Cost (dollars) 2.32 2.72 2.24
Size (ounces) 40 48 32
Hot Dogs A B C
Cost (dollars) 2.99 4.49 3.29
Size (amount) 5 8 6
Laundry Detergent A B C
Cost (dollars) 5.10 7.09 7.94
Size (ounces) 30 42 50
Cooler A B C D
Cost (dollars) 29.88 18.88 39.88 34.88
Size (quarts) 50 27 70 62

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168
Puzzle Time
Name _________________________________________________________ Date _________



What Do You Call A Frog With A Cast On Each Of
Its Back Legs?
Write the letter of each answer in the box containing the exercise number.
Determine which car gets the better gas mileage.
1. 2.
Y. Car A Z. Car B N. Car A O. Car B
3. 4.
T. Car A U. Car B P. Car A Q. Car B
Determine which is the better buy.
5. 6.
M. Brand A N. Brand B P. Brand A Q. Brand B
7. Participant A did 120 jumping jacks in 10 minutes. Participant B did
140 jumping jacks in 14 minutes. Which participant had the greater
jumping jack rate?
H. Participant A I. Participant B
3 5 7 2 4 6 1

5.4
Car A B
Distance (miles) 180 175
Gallons Used 6 7
Car A B
Distance (miles) 234 140
Gallons Used 9 5
Car A B
Distance (miles) 400 630
Gallons Used 20 18
Car A B
Distance (miles) 315 228
Gallons Used 15 12
Apples A B
Cost (dollars) 3.75 4.50
Pounds 3 5
Toothpaste A B
Cost (dollars) 2.64 3.60
Ounces 6 8
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169
Acti vi ty
5.5
Start Thinking!
For use before Activity 5.5
Acti vi ty
5.5
Warm Up
For use before Activity 5.5
Percents are used commonly in day-to-day life.
What are some instances in which you have
come across percents in your day-to-day life?


Rewrite the fraction with a denominator of
100.
1.
12
20
2.
1
4
3.
15
25

4.
33
50
5.
27
20
6.
54
10

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170
Lesson
5.5
Warm Up
For use before Lesson 5.5
Lesson
5.5
Start Thinking!
For use before Lesson 5.5
Which models have an equivalent portion
shaded? How do you know?
A. B.



C. D.




Use a 10-by-10 grid to model the percent.
1. 4% 2. 36% 3. 63%
4. 72% 5. 87% 6. 99%
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171
5.5 Practice A
Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________
Use a 10-by-10 grid to model the percent.
1. 5% 2. 45% 3. 52% 4. 27%
Write the percent as a fraction or mixed number in simplest form.
5. 20% 6. 25% 7. 65% 8. 44%
9. 32% 10. 9% 11. 250% 12. 120%
13. Describe and correct the error in
writing 8% as a fraction.
Write the fraction or mixed number as a percent.
14.
6
25
15.
3
20
16.
7
10
17.
3
4

18.
9
50
19.
12
25
20.
3
1
5
21.
4
2
25

22. Describe and correct the error in
writing
39
40
as a percent.
23. Of the students in your class, 25% walk to school. What fraction of the
students walk to school?
24. At the age of 4 months, a puppys weight is 275% of its weight at the
age of 2 months. How many times heavier is the puppy at 4 months than
at 2 months? Write your answer as a mixed number in simplest form.
Find the percent.
25. 4 is what percent of 10? 26. 11 is what percent of 40?
27. Four out of every five visitors at an amusement park buy day passes.
What percent of the visitors buy day passes?
28. Only 6 of the 75 trees in a park are at least 30 feet tall. What percent of
the trees are under 30 feet tall?
Write a fraction and a percent to represent the shaded portion of the model.
29. 30. 31.
8 4
8%
10 5
= =
39 9.75
0.975 9.75%
40 100
= = =
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172
5.5 Practice B
Name _________________________________________________________ Date _________
Write the percent as a fraction or mixed number in simplest form.
1. 35% 2. 81.4% 3. 210% 4. 0.8%
Write the fraction or mixed number as a percent.
5.
37
50
6.
21
25
7.
3
16
8.
19
40

9.
1
3
4
10.
1
2
2
11.
4
1
5
12.
7
5
50

Find the percent.
13. 12 is what percent of 40? 14. 6 is what percent of 16?
15. On a school bus, 22 of the 40 students are in window seats. What fraction
of the students are in window seats?
16. You and a friend are selling lemonade. You sell three times as many
cups as your friend. What percent of the cups sold were sold by your
friend? Explain.
17. The United States flag is actually 105% as
tall as the state flag of Florida. Write this
percent as a mixed number and explain
why the perspective in the figure may
be misleading.
18. At a zoo, an anaconda is 118% as long as a Burmese python and
3
1
20
times
as long as a reticulated python. Which is longer, the Burmese python or the
reticulated python? Explain.
19. Copy the square. Then draw another square
with sides that are
1
2
as long. What percent
of the area of the original square is the area
of the smaller square?
20. The weight of a tree is doubling every 3 years. In how many years will the
weight of the tree be 1600% of its weight now?
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173
5.5 Enrichment and Extension
Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________
Geometry
Write a fraction and a percent to represent the shaded portion of
the model.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
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174
Puzzle Time
Name _________________________________________________________ Date _________



What Did The Alien From Outer Space Say To The
Green Book?
Write the letter of each answer in the box containing the exercise number.
Write the percent as a fraction or mixed number in
simplest form.
1. 35% 2. 30%
3. 55% 4. 84%
5. 59% 6. 43.9%

7. 144% 8. 2.5%
9. 334% 10. 132.6%
11. 0.8%
Write the fraction as a percent.
12.
1
5
13.
2
5

14.
11
25
15.
3
25

16.
29
50
17.
16
2
25

18.
1
3
20
19.
7
1
10




8 14 3 6 12 18 5 1 19 13 2 9 16 10 17 15 11 7 4

Answers for Exercises 111
E.
163
1
500
R.
11
1
25

D.
439
1000
A.
11
20

O.
7
20
L.
1
40

T.
59
100
E.
1
125

R.
17
3
50
U.
3
10

S.
21
25


Answers for Exercises 1219
R. 58% O. 40%
E. 305% A. 264%
M. 20% Y. 170%
D. 12% E. 44%
5.5
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175
Acti vi ty
5.6
Start Thinking!
For use before Activity 5.6
Acti vi ty
5.6
Warm Up
For use before Activity 5.6
1% of 500 is 5. Use this fact to answer the
following questions. Be sure to explain your
reasoning.
What is 2% of 500?
What is 3% of 500?
What is 4% of 500?
What is 5% of 500?
What is n% of 500?


Multiply.
1.
1
120
10
2.
2
150
5

3.
1
26
2
4.
3
100
10

5.
1
20
4
6.
1
920
100

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176
Lesson
5.6
Warm Up
For use before Lesson 5.6
Lesson
5.6
Start Thinking!
For use before Lesson 5.6
Research the sales tax rates in various U.S.
states.
Write a word problem that compares the cost of
buying an item in one state with buying the same
priced item in a state with a different sales tax
rate.
Exchange word problems with a classmate and
solve your classmates problem.


Find the percent of the number. Explain your
method.
1. 25% of 40 2. 30% of 50
3. 5% of 16 4. 10% of 46
5. 15% of 80 6. 2% of 500

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177
5.6 Practice A
Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________
Find the percent of the number. Explain your method.
1. 25% of 80 2. 60% of 20 3. 20% of 50 4. 30% of 70
5. 35% of 80 6. 62% of 50 7. 3% of 90 8. 91% of 60
9. 50% of 64 10. 40% of 35 11. 8% of 75 12. 40% of 85
13. 52% of 44 14. 13% of 58 15. 110% of 40 16. 250% of 18
17. Describe and correct the error in
finding 4% of 65.
Find the whole. Explain your method.
18. 20% of what number is 12? 19. 30% of what number is 15?
20. 75% of what number is 24? 21. 65% of what number is 39?
22. Yesterday, 5% of the 120 sixth graders at a school were late. How many
sixth graders were late?
23. The sale price of a pair of pants is 65% of the regular price of $25.
How much do you save by buying the pants on sale?
24. Your family drives 126 miles from Key West to the Florida mainland.
About 15% of this distance is spent on bridges. How many miles of
bridges do you travel over?
25. Before a century plant dies, a tall flower stem grows from its center.
The flower stem grows for only two months to reach 40% of a height
of 25 feet. How tall is the flower stem after two months?
4% of 65 0.4 65 26 = =
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178
5.6 Practice B
Name _________________________________________________________ Date _________
Find the percent of the number. Explain your method.
1. 60% of 40 2. 10% of 80 3. 25% of 70 4. 15% of 30
5. 6% of 15 6. 65% of 60 7. 78% of 81 8. 14% of 106
9. 160% of 75 10. 230% of 45 11. 514% of 205 12. 115% of 130
Copy and complete the statement using = <, >, or .
13. 55% of 60 ? 60% of 65 14. 20% of 80 ? 80% of 20
15. 36% of 150 ? 27% of 200 16. 110% of 3 ? 0.9% of 300
17. How many hours is 75% of 3 days? 18. How many feet is 20% of 4 miles?
19. A restaurant serves you a 16-fluid ounce glass of juice that is 30% ice.
How many fluid ounces of juice do you actually get?
20. The table shows the grading scale for one of your classes.
Tell the letter grade that you earn for each score.
a. You earn 14 out of a possible 20 points on a quiz.
b. You earn 66 out of a possible 80 points on a test.
c. You earn 216 out of a possible 250 points for a report.
21. A 15% discount saves you $5 off the price of an electronic game.
How much do you save off the regular price if the discount is raised
to 45%? Explain your reasoning.
22. Draw two different rectangles with perimeters that
are each 80% of the perimeter of the rectangle shown.
Show the length and width of each rectangle.
23. A monitor that regularly costs $100 is on sale for 15% off.
The salesperson offers you 20% off the sale price. What
percent of the original price is the salespersons price?
24. A store pays a manufacturer $20 for a hat. To make a profit, the store prices
the hat 60% higher than the amount they paid. Later, a sale reduces the
price of the hat by 10%. Finally, a clearance sale reduces the sale price by
40%. What is the clearance price? Will this price give the store a profit?
Letter grade A B C D
Percent range 90100% 8089% 7079% 6069%
75 ft
45 ft

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179
5.6 Enrichment and Extension
Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________
Smart Shopping
In Exercises 13, which store has the better buy? Explain. Assume
no sales tax.
1. Identical sweaters are sold in two different stores.
The sale price in Store A is 25% off the regular price of $34.96.
The sale price in Store B is 20% off the regular price of $29.75.
2. An identical pair of sneakers is sold in two different stores.
The sale price in Store A is 30% off the regular price of $69.99.
The sale price in Store B is 15% off the regular price of $63.80 plus
an additional 10% off of the sale price.
3. Identical video game systems are sold in two different stores.
The sale price in Store A is 10% off the regular price of $250 plus an
additional 15% off of the sale price.
The sale price in Store B is 15% off the regular price of $250 plus an
additional 10% off of the sale price.
4. Your aunt is buying a new couch. The regular price of the couch is $799.
The store sale price is 20% off the regular price. Your aunt uses a
newspaper coupon for an additional 5% off of any sale price item. For
having an account with the store, she also gets an additional 10% off her
final price.
a. How much does your aunt pay for the couch?
b. Does it make a difference in what order you use the percents
when calculating the price your aunt pays for the couch?



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180
Puzzle Time
Name _________________________________________________________ Date _________



Why Was The Math Textbook Feeling Sad?
Write the letter of each answer in the box containing the exercise number.
Find the percent of the number.
1. 10% of 50 2. 20% of 30
3. 25% of 40 4. 4% of 50
5. 40% of 60 6. 50% of 38

7. 60% of 70 8. 75% of 20
9. 15% of 10 10. 16% of 80
11. 17% of 25 12. 42% of 20
Find the whole.
13. 30% of what number is 9?
14. 50% of what number is 11?
15. 25% of what number is 20?
16. 60% of what number is 21?
17. 75% of what number is 12?
18. 10% of what number is 6?
19. 120% of what number is 48?
20. 150% of what number is 75?
21. The length of a rectangle is 16 inches. If the width is
50% of its length, what is the width of the rectangle?
22. In your math class, 60% of the students are girls.
If there are 15 girls in the class, how many students
are in your math class?
8 13 2 20 7 22 11 16 9 21 3 15 1 12 18 5 17 14 10 4 19 6

Answers for Exercises 112
D.
2
8
5
F.
1
1
2

O. 6 S. 19
L. 42 M.
1
4
4

H. 24 L. 10
A.
4
12
5
E. 5
G. 2 P. 15
Answers for Exercises 1322
T. 60 S. 35
P. 22 B. 50
I. 8 R. 30
E. 40 E. 25
L. 80 E. 16
5.6
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181
Acti vi ty
5.7
Start Thinking!
For use before Activity 5.7
Acti vi ty
3.6
Warm Up
For use before Activity 5.7
Acti vi ty
5.7
Discuss with a partner which unit of measure
will work best in each case. Explain your choice.
Length of a football field
Length of your pinky
Height of a tree


Copy and complete the statement using
<, >, or =.
1. 3 yd ? 21 ft 2. 14 ft ? 4 yd
3. 91 in. ? 5 yd 4. 10 cm ? 1 m
5. 2 km ? 2 m 6. 15 m ? 15 km

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Lesson
5.7
Start Thinking!
For use before Lesson 5.7
Lesson
5.7
Warm Up
For use before Lesson 5.7
Can you fit an entire gallon of milk into a 2-liter
bottle? Explain.



Answer the question. Explain your answer.
1. Which speed is faster: 8 km h or 6 mi h?
2. Which dog is heavier: 16 kg or 30 lb?

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183
5.7 Practice A
Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________
Answer the question. Explain your answer.
1. Which key is longer: 5 cm or 2 in.?
2. Which package is heavier: 85 g or 3 oz?
Copy and complete the statement. Round to the nearest hundredth,
if necessary.
3. 500 cm ? = m 4. 9 qt ? = c
5. 10 ft ? m 6. 2000 m ? ft
7. 4 qt ? L 8. 50 g ? oz 9. 1.4 lb ? kg
10. A hurricane has a large eye of about 80 miles. How many kilometers wide
is the eye?
Copy and complete the statement using < > or .
11. 3 kg ? 100 oz 12. 2 yd ? 200 cm
13. 15 gal ? 50 L 14. 100, 000 cm ? 1 mi
Copy and complete the statement.
15. 2 in. sec ? cm sec 16. 2 ft day ? m day
17. 8 L h ? gal h 18. 80 oz yr ? g yr
19. The maximum sustained winds reached by a hurricane were 230 kilometers
per hour.
a. What is this wind speed in miles per hour?
b. What is this wind speed in meters per hour?
c. What is this wind speed in meters per minute?
d. Use the Internet to determine the highest category attained by the hurricane.
20. A book is 15 centimeters long and 6 centimeters wide. What are the length and
width of the book in inches? Round your answers to the nearest hundredth.
21. You have a liter bottle of orange juice. You want to divide the juice into
one-cup amounts. How many cups can you pour? How much juice will be
left over? Explain your answer.
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184
5.7 Practice B
Name _________________________________________________________ Date _________
Copy and complete the statement. Round to the nearest hundredth,
if necessary.
1. 7 qt ? = gal 2. 3 km ? = m 3. 30 oz ? lb
4. 5.9 in. ? cm 5. 51 km ? mi 6. 14.5 oz ? g
7. 120.5 lb ? kg 8. 7.25 L ? qt 9. 1150 cm ? in.
10. Your cat weighs 10.4 pounds. How many kilograms does your cat weigh?
Copy and complete the statement using < > or .
11. 29 ft ? 880 cm 12. 10 pt ? 5 L
13. 42 km ? 26.2 mi 14. 350 g ? 12 oz
Copy and complete the statement.
15. 42 gal min ? L min 16. 32 ft sec ? m sec
17. 15 kg yr ? oz yr 18. 5.7 km h ? ft h
19. The An-225 airplane is quoted as having a maximum takeoff weight of
over 1.3 million pounds.
a. What is this weight in kilograms?
b. The FAI, the world governing body for air sports and aeronautical
world records, attributes a slightly lower weight of 1.12 million pounds.
Convert this to kilograms.
c. The record in part (b) was set by an An-225 in 1989 for the largest mass
ever lifted by an airplane to an altitude of 6500 feet. Convert this altitude
to kilometers.
20. At the equator, Earths surface moves about 4000 kilometers per day.
a. What is this speed in miles per hour?
b. What is this speed in meters per minute?
c. You stand at a place 200 miles north of the equator. Are you moving
more than or less than 4000 kilometers per day?
21. Your cars gasoline tank holds 18 gallons of gasoline. On a trip in Canada,
the tank is one quarter full. You want to fill the tank. How many liters of
gasoline are needed to fill the tank? Explain your answer.

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185
5.7 Enrichment and Extension
Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________
Converting a Rate
Sometimes you have to convert both the numerator and denominator of a rate.
Example: Convert 65 miles per hour to meters per second.
Use 1 mi 1.6 km, 1000 m 1 km, 1 h 60 min, and 1 min 60 sec. = = =
65 mi 65 mi
1 h

1 h
1.6 km

1 mi
1000 m
1 km

1 h

60 min
1 min

104,000 m
28.89 m/sec
60 sec 3600 sec
=
So, 65 miles per hour is about 28.89 meters per second.
Copy and complete each statement. Round to the nearest hundredth,
if necessary.
1. 45 mi h ? km min 2. 92 gal min ? L sec
3. 1500 L h ? pt sec 4. 75 m min ? mi h
5. 12.8 in. day ? cm h 6. 0.5 kg day ? lb week
7. 35 km h ? ft min 8. 58 L sec ? gal day
9. 17 lb yr ? g day 10. 25 mi h ? m sec
11. A needle palm tree at the park is growing an average of 4.35 centimeters
per day. A cabbage palm tree next to it is growing an average of 1.26 inches
per day. Which one is growing faster? Explain.
12. Change 30 miles per hour, 50 miles per hour, and 70 miles per hour into
miles per minute. Explain why speed limits are posted in miles per hour
and not miles per minute or miles per second.
13. Jose wants to buy a filter for his pool. One filter has a flow rate of 75 gallons
per minute. Another filter has a flow rate of 2 liters per second.
a. When purchasing a filter for a pool, is it better to have a faster or slower
flow rate? Explain.
b. Which filter has the faster flow rate?
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186
Puzzle Time
Name _________________________________________________________ Date _________



How Do You Fix A Broken Pizza?
Write the letter of each answer in the box containing the exercise number.
Complete the statement. Round to the nearest hundredth,
if necessary.
1. 72 in. ? = cm 2. 3 qt ? L
3. 15 lb ? kg 4. 120 mi ? km
5. 7 L ? qt 6. 75 kg ? lb
7. 5 km ? mi 8. 54 cm ? in.
9.
24 in. ? cm
h h
= 10.
32 lb ? kg
day day

11.
52 L ? qt
year year
12.
7 km ? mi
min min

13. Felicia is 63 inches tall. What is her height in centimeters?
14. Your backpack weighs 6 kilograms. What is its weight in
pounds?
15. If the speed limit is 65 miles per hour, how many kilometers
per hour can a person drive without speeding?
Answers
P. 160.02
I. 182.88
W. 21.06
T. 13.2
H. 193.2
A. 2.85
T. 14.4
O. 3.1
A. 104.65
S. 165
T. 55.12
O. 7.42
E. 6.75
M. 4.34
T. 60.96
5.7
8 1 11 4 14 5 12 2 9 7 13 15 6 10 3

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187
Chapter
5
Technology Connection
For use after Section 5.7
Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________
Using Unit Analysis
When a problem requires the use of more than one conversion factor, you can use
unit analysis to you help decide which form of the conversion factor to use. As its
name implies, unit analysis helps to narrow your focus to the cancellation of units
so that your end product has the correct units.
EXAMPLE The current world record in the mens 100-meter
dash is 9.58 seconds. Express this rate as miles
per hour.
SOLUTION
Step 1 Analyze the units of the problem to see what you start with and
what you need to end with. For the units involving distance, you
will need to convert from meters to feet then from feet to miles.
For the units involving time, you will need to convert from
seconds to minutes then from minutes to hours.
Step 2 Write the original rate and then arrange your conversion factors so
that units will cancel diagonally.

100 meters
9.58 seconds
3.28 feet

1 meter
1 mile
5280 feet

60 seconds

1 minute
60 minutes

1 hour

Notice that the remaining units are miles per hour.
Step 3 To find the value of the number, divide the product of the
numerators by the product of the denominators. On your
calculator, enter:
( 100 3.28 60 60 ) ( 9.58 5280 ) =
ANSWER The speed of the current world record holder in the mens
100-meter dash is about 23.34 miles per hour.
Use unit analysis and your calculator to find the following conversions.
1. If a snail crawls 2 inches every minute, how many feet could it crawl in
one day?
2. If a rocket is traveling at 150 feet per second, how fast is it traveling in
miles per hour?