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    Hort 106 Lecture 1 PDF

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    Zarah Jane Rull Nate
    This document provides an introduction to plant propagation and nursery management. It defines plant propagation as both an art and a science involving botany, horticulture, and plant physiology. The document outlines sexual and asexual plant life cycles involving meiosis and mitosis, respectively. It also describes the embryonic, juvenile, transition, and adult phases of plant development and how propagation methods differ between the sexual and asexual life cycles.

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    Hort 106 Lecture 1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Zarah Jane Rull Nate
    59 views20 pages
    This document provides an introduction to plant propagation and nursery management. It defines plant propagation as both an art and a science involving botany, horticulture, and plant physiology. The document outlines sexual and asexual plant life cycles involving meiosis and mitosis, respectively. It also describes the embryonic, juvenile, transition, and adult phases of plant development and how propagation methods differ between the sexual and asexual life cycles.

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    This document provides an introduction to plant propagation and nursery management. It defines plant propagation as both an art and a science involving botany, horticulture, and plant physiology. The document outlines sexual and asexual plant life cycles involving meiosis and mitosis, respectively. It also describes the embryonic, juvenile, transition, and adult phases of plant development and how propagation methods differ between the sexual and asexual life cycles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    59 views20 pages

    Hort 106 Lecture 1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Zarah Jane Rull Nate
    This document provides an introduction to plant propagation and nursery management. It defines plant propagation as both an art and a science involving botany, horticulture, and plant physiology. The document outlines sexual and asexual plant life cycles involving meiosis and mitosis, respectively. It also describes the embryonic, juvenile, transition, and adult phases of plant development and how propagation methods differ between the sexual and asexual life cycles.

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    HORTICULTURE 106

    PLANT PROPAGATION AND


    NURSERY MANAGEMENT

    INTRODUCTION
    PLANT PROPAGATION

    ART AND SCIENCE OF MULTIPLYING PLANTS FOR PLANTING


    PURPOSES
    ART : SKILL; EXPERTISE; EXPERIENCE
    SCIENCE: BOTANY; HORTICULTURE; PLANT PHYSIOLOGY;
    MORPHOLOGY; ANATOMY; SEED TECHNOLOGY; GENETICS

    FUNDAMENTAL TO CROP PRODUCTION

    INVOLVES THE CONTROL OF DEVELOPMENTAL CYCLE OF


    PLANTS

    TERMINOLOGIES
    SEXUAL VS. ASEXUAL
    MITOSIS VS. MEIOSIS
    PHENOTYPE VS. GENOTYPE
    HOMOZYGOUS VS. HETEROZYGOUS
    HOMOGENOUS VS HETEROGENOUS
    SELF POLLINATED CROP VS. CROSS POLLINATED CROP

    PLANT LIFE CYCLES


    A. SEXUAL
    USE OF SEEDS PRODUCE THROUGH THE COMING TOGETHER
    OF THE MALE AND FEMALE GAMETES
    FUNDAMENTAL METHOD OF PROPAGATION IN PLANTS
    EASIEST WAY OF PROPAGATION
    COMMON IN ANNUAL CROPS
    HOMOZYGOUS GENOTYPES
    INVOLVES MEIOSIS AND MITOSIS

    SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
    POLLEN MOTHER
    CELL (2n)

    MICROSPORE/
    POLLEN (n)

    ZYGOTE
    (2n)

    MEIOSIS

    MEGASPORE MOTHER
    CELL (2n)

    MEGASPORE (n)

    STAGES OF MEIOSIS
    MEIOSIS I

    MEIOSIS II

    INTERPHASE I

    INTERPHASE II

    PACHYTENE
    LEPTOTENE
    DIPLOTENE
    DIAKENESIS
    METAPHASE I
    ANAPHASE I
    TELOPHASE I

    METAPHASE II
    ANAPHASE II
    TELOPHASE II

    PLANT LIFE CYCLES


    B . ASEXUAL
    USE OF VEGETATIVE PLANT PARTS
    LEAF, STEM, ROOT, APOMICTIC SEEDS(POLYEMBRYONIC
    SEEDS)
    TRUE-TO-TYPE PROGENIES
    COMMONLY USED IN PERENNIAL CROPS
    HETEROZYGOUS GENOTYPES

    INVOLVES MITOSIS

    DAUGHTER
    CELLS (2n)

    CELL
    2n
    MITOSIS

    STAGES OF MITOSIS

    INTERPHASE/PROPHASE
    METAPHASE
    ANAPHASE
    TELOPHASE

    DEVELOPMENTAL LIFE CYCLE AND


    PROPAGATION
    A. SEXUAL CYCLE
    PHASES:

    EMBRYO
    JUVENILE (TRANSITIONAL)
    ADULT

    DEVELOPMENTAL LIFE CYCLE AND


    PROPAGATION
    EMBRYO PHASE:
    STARTS WITH THE UNION OF THE MALE AND FEMALE
    GAMETES FORMING THE ZYGOTE

    ZYGOTE
    (SINGLE CELL)

    EMBRYO

    (MULTICELLULAR)

    GROWTH AND
    DEVELOPMENT

    DEVELOPMENTAL LIFE CYCLE AND


    PROPAGATION
    JUVENILE PHASE
    BEGINS WITH THE GERMINATION OF THE SEED
    ALSO INCLUDES THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE
    EMBRYO
    HAS UNIQUE MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS:

    LEAF SIZE
    GROWTH HABIT
    THORNINESS

    DEVELOPMENTAL LIFE CYCLE AND


    PROPAGATION
    JUVENILE PHASE
    PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
    ENHANCED VEGETATIVE REGENERATION CAPACITY
    DO NOT RESPOND TO FLOWER INDUCING STIMULI
    VEGETATIVE GROWTH PREDOMINATES
    ELONGATION OF THE STEM AND ROOTS
    INCREASE IN DIAMETER
    INCREASE IN NUMBER AND SIZE OF LEAVES

    DEVELOPMENTAL LIFE CYCLE AND


    PROPAGATION
    TRANSITION PHASE:
    TRANSITION PHASE MARKS THE SEPARATION BETWEEN THE
    JUVENILE AND ADULT STAGES
    MAY OCCUR SLOWLY (MANY YEARS)
    MAY OCCUR QUICKLY (FEW WEEKS/MONTHS)
    BOTH PHASES MAY OCCUR IN THE SAME PLANT IN CERTAIN
    PERIOD

    MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

    CHANGE IN LEAF SHAPE


    GROWTH HABIT
    REDUCTION OF THORNINESS

    DEVELOPMENTAL LIFE CYCLE AND


    PROPAGATION
    TRANSITION PHASE
    PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
    LOSS THE ABILITY TO REGENERATE VEGETATIVELY
    RESPONSIVE TO FLOWER INDUCTION STIMULI

    CAN BE MANIPULATED TO A CERTAIN EXTENT THROUGH


    CONTROL/MODIFICATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

    DEVELOPMENTAL LIFE CYCLE AND


    PROPAGATION
    ADULT STAGE
    PLANT ENTERS THE REPRODUCTIVE STAGE
    MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

    REACHED ULTIMATE SIZE (ANNUALS)

    FOR PERENNIALS, REACHED THE INITIAL SIZE FOR FLOWERING

    PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

    RESPOND TO STIMULUS TO FLOWER FROM THE ENVIRONMENT


    THROUGH ITS INTERNAL PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HORMONAL STATE

    DEVELOPMENTAL LIFE CYCLE AND


    PROPAGATION
    B. ASEXUAL CYCLE

    UTILIZES VARIOUS METHODS OF VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION


    ADVANTAGES

    PRESERVATION OF UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF ANY INDIVIDUAL


    PLANT TO ITS OFFSPRING (TRUE-TO-TYPE)
    SHORTER JUVENILE STAGE

    SMALLER TREE SIZES DURING INITIAL FLOWERING

    DEVELOPMENTAL LIFE CYCLE AND


    PROPAGATION
    B. ASEXUAL CYCLE
    PHASES:
    VEGETATIVE
    ADULT

    VEGETATIVE PHASE
    STEM/ROOT ELONGATION

    INCREASE IN DIAMETER OF CROSS SECTION


    INCREASE IN NUMBER AND SIZE OF LEAVES

    DEVELOPMENTAL LIFE CYCLE AND


    PROPAGATION
    ADULT PHASE

    FLOWERING STAGE

    MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

    ELONGATION OF STEM/ROOT CEASES


    EXPANSION OF IN NUMBER AND SIZE OF LEAVES CEASES
    GROWING POINTS DIFFERENTIATED

    VEGETATIVE
    BUD

    FLOWER
    BUD

    FLOWER
    FRUIT
    SEED

    DEVELOPMENTAL LIFE CYCLE AND


    PROPAGATION
    ADULT PHASE

    ADVANTAGES:

    PLANTS MAY NO LONGER RETAIN THE JUVENILE TRANSITION STAGE/


    CHARACTERISTICS
    PLANTS REMAIN BIOLOGICALLY ADULT INDEFINITELY (FLOWERING
    AND FRUITING CHARACTERISTICS)

    DISADVANTAGE

    IN SOME CASES, VEGETATIVELY PROPAGATED PLANTS MAY CONTINUE


    TO SHOW JUVENILITY

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