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Signals and Systems (SKEE 2073) Lecture #5: Topics Covered

This document provides a summary of topics covered in Lecture #5 of the Signals and Systems course SKEE 2073. The lecture covered properties of discrete-time systems, including: linear and nonlinear systems; time-invariant and time-varying systems; systems with memory and memoryless systems; and causal and noncausal systems. Examples were provided to illustrate linear vs nonlinear systems and time-invariant vs time-varying systems. The key properties of systems discussed were: a linear system produces an output that is a linear combination of its inputs, a time-invariant system produces the same output shift given an input time shift, a causal system's output depends only on current and past input values, and a system with memory

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efun94
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83 views

Signals and Systems (SKEE 2073) Lecture #5: Topics Covered

This document provides a summary of topics covered in Lecture #5 of the Signals and Systems course SKEE 2073. The lecture covered properties of discrete-time systems, including: linear and nonlinear systems; time-invariant and time-varying systems; systems with memory and memoryless systems; and causal and noncausal systems. Examples were provided to illustrate linear vs nonlinear systems and time-invariant vs time-varying systems. The key properties of systems discussed were: a linear system produces an output that is a linear combination of its inputs, a time-invariant system produces the same output shift given an input time shift, a causal system's output depends only on current and past input values, and a system with memory

Uploaded by

efun94
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Signals and Systems

(SKEE 2073)
Lecture #5

Topics covered
1) Properties of DT Systems

Discrete-Time System Properties


System can be classified in the following
categories:
1. Linear and nonlinear systems
2. Time-invariant and time-varying systems
3. Memory and memoryless systems

4. Causal and noncausal systems

ya [n] T {x1[n] x2 [n]}


yb [n] T {x1[n] x2 [n]}
ya [n] yb [n]

Example 1:
If y[n] x[n]2
2
If
y
[
n
]

x
[
n
]
And y [n] x [n] x [n]

Example 2:

1
2
2
And ya [n]x[xn1[]n2 ]2xx2 [[nn]]x [n] x [n]2
1
1
2
2
2

While yb [n]x1x[1n[n] ]22 xx12[[nn]]x2 2 [n] x2 [n]


2
2
While
y
[
n
]

x
[
n
]

x
[
n
]
So, ya [nb] yb [n1]
2
2

, ya [system
n] yb [isn]not linear.
SoThe
The system is not linear.

If y[n] x[n] 2 x[n 1]


And ya [n] x1[n] x2 [n] 2 x1[n 1] x1[n 1]
If y[n] x[nx][n]2x[xn [n1]
] 2 x [n 1] 2 x [n 1]
1

And yya [[nn]]xx1[[nn]]2xx2 [[nn]1]2 xx1[[nn]1]2x x[1n[n1]1]


While
b
1
1
2
2
So, ya [n] yxb [1[nn]] x2 [n] 2 x1[n 1] 2 x2 [n 1]

n] 2 x1[n 1] x2 [n] 2 x2 [n 1]
While
The ysystem
is1[linear.
b [ n] x
So, ya [n] yb [n]
The system is linear.

T{x[n D]} y[n D]

A system is said to be time invariant if a time shift in the input


signal results the same shift in the output signal.

Example :
Minus all inside the bracket
with nd (delay the input)

Change all n with n- nd


(delay the output)

Result when delay at the inputs is similar to the delay


at the output. So, y[n] is time-invariant.

A system is causal if output at any time


depends only on the input at the present time
and in the past.

Current value is at time n


Past values are at time n-k
Future values are at time n+k

Example :

y(n)

x(n)
system

A system is said to has memory if its output at time no, y(no)


depends on input values other than x(no). Otherwise, the
system is memoryless.
A system with memory Dynamic system

Next lecture
Please have preliminary reading on the following:

Convolution

10

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