Fraction Notes

5th Grade Math Notes
Basic Fraction
Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions

When converting a mixed number into an improper
numerator
denominator
- (the # of pieces shaded or unshaded)
fraction you multiply the denominator by the whole

number, then add the numerator.
- (the total number of pieces)
Example:
Example:
5
12
12 x 3 + 5 = 41
12
**Hint: The denominator does NOT change.**
When converting an improper fraction into a mixed

number you divide the numerator by the denominator.
**Hint: Zero can NEVER be a denominator.**
3 R5
41
12
12
41
- 36
12
**Hint: The dividend becomes the whole number

and the remainder becomes the numerator and
your denominator does NOT change.**
Equivalent Fraction
Adding Fractions
~ For the numerators add straight across.
~ The denominator does not change.
Ex.
12
24
The rule when converting fractions is that what ever

you do to the top you must also do to the bottom.
12
24
3
6
~ You divided 24 by 6 which equals 4.

~ Since you divided 24 by 6, you also have to divide
12 by 6.
~ 12 divided by 6 equals 2
=
5
6
Ex.
1
4
have to determine which operation was used.
24
2
6
~ If your denominator is 24 and it changes to 4 you
12
2
4
3
4
* Hint: Make sure you have a common
denominator before you add.

Multiplying Fractions
Adding & Subtracting with UNLIKE Denominators
1
2
~ Multiply the numerator by the numerator.
~ Multiply the denominator by the denominator.
1. Find the least common multiple (LCM) by listing the
Ex.
multiples of each denominator in the problem. Circle
3
4
the least common multiple and use it as your common
6
24
denominator. (Ex: the LCM of 2 and 3 is 6. Use 6 as

your common denominator.)
2: 2, 4, 6,
3: 3, 6
2. Rename the fractions using the new common
denominator.
1
2
4
6
3. Perform the operation & keep the new denominator.
3
6
4
6
*HINT: remember to simplify your answer.
Ex.
4. Write the answer in simplest form.

7
6
24
Dividing Fractions
Sled Method
~ Invert the fraction
~ The method will help you find the simplest form of a fraction
~ multiply the fractions
AND the GCF and LCM for the numerator and denominator.
12
1
3
4
1
2
4
3
18
12
18
~ Draw a sled and write the fraction in it.

~ Divide by the lowest prime number.
~ Continue dividing by the lowest prime number
until the numbers under the sled cannot be
4
6
divided by any number other than 1

~ The two numbers under the last sled shows the
fraction in simplest form.

~ Draw a picture to represent the first fraction and draw a ~ To find the GCF multiply the numbers to the
picture beneath that to represent the second fraction.
left of the sled. (ex. 2 x 3 = 6) GCF = 6

~ Draw a line where the second fraction ends and that ~ To find the LCM multiply the numbers to the
fraction has a new denominator.
left
~ See how many squares on the bottom picture match the
(ex. 2 x 3 x 2 x 3 = 36)
top picture and that is the new fraction.
of
the
sled
and
below
LCM = 36
the
sled

Operations With Decimals
Measurement Conversions
12 inches = 1 foot
Adding Decimals:
1. Line up the decimal points and add as usual.
3 feet = 1 yard
1,760 yard = 1 mile
2. Drag the decimal straight down.
distance
5,280 feet = 1 mile
Subtracting Decimals:
1. Line up the decimal points and subtract as usual.
1 kilometer = 1,000 meters
2. Drag the decimal point straight down.

Multiplying Decimals:
1. Multiply as usual.
1 gallon = 4 quarts
2. Count the digits behind the decimals.
1 quart = 2 pints
3. Place your decimal point in the product (answer).
1 pint = 2 cups
Make sure the product and the original problem have
1 cup = 8 ounces
capacity
the same number of digits behind the decimal.

Dividing Decimals:
1. Move the decimal in the divisor so it is a whole
number. Move the decimal in the dividend the same
number of spaces.
3. Divide as usual.
16 oz. = 1 lb.
1
8 oz. =
lb.
2
1
4 oz. =
lb.
4
weight
4. In your answer, place the decimal directly above

the decimal in the dividend.
Fraction, Decimal and Percent

3
4
0.75
75%
~ To find the decimal divide the numerator by the

denominator.
3
4
0.
3.
7
0
5
0
decimal =
0.75
0
3
-2
8
2
-2
Rounding Rap
~ The percentage is the first two numbers behind

the decimal point. (decimal 0.75 = 75%)
~ To determine a fraction from a decimal put the
decimal in fraction form and simplify.
Ex.
75
3
0.75
=
=
100
4
Yo, find that place value

Circle that digit
Move to the right, underline get it.
0-4 circle stays the same
5-9 add one is the game
Now flex your muscles like a hero
Digits to the right change to zero
All the other digits stay the same
Yo! Youre the winner of the rounding
game!

Divisibility Rules 2-5
tens
hundreds
ones
If the last digit is divisible

by 2 then the original
number is divisible by 2.
thousands
ten thousands
hundred thousands
millions
ten millions
hundred millions
Place Value
If the sum of the digits is

divisible by three then the
original number is divisible
by 3.
thousandths
hundredths
tenths
ones
tens
hundreds
If the last two digits are

divisible by four then the
by 4.
thousands
ten thousands
hundred thousands
Whole Numbers
If the last digit is a five or a

zero then the number is
divisible by 5.
Whole
Long Division
Bring down
Example: 495
4+9+5 = 18
(Since 18 is divisible by 3 then
495 is divisible by 3.)
Example: 4,328
(Since 28 is divisible by four
then 4,328 is divisible by 4.)
Example: 3,695
(Since the last digit is a 5 then
3,695 is divisible by 5.)
Divisibility Rules 6-10
1 2 3 7 R 1
Multiply
Subtract
(Since 8 is divisible by two

Parts of a
Whole Numbers
Divide
Example: 4,368
6 7 4 2 3
-6
1 4
Example: 534
If the number is divisible by
two and three then the
number is divisible by 6.
-1 2
0 2 2
-1 8
0 4 3
-4 2
0 1
If the last three digits are

divisible by eight then the
by 8.
Is it divisible by 2? yes
because 4 is divisible by 2
Is it divisible by 3? yes
because 5+3+4=12 and 12 is
divisible by 3
so 534 is divisible by 6
Example 7,328
(Since 328 is divisible by eight
~ Divide 6 into 7 one time so 1 goes above the 7.

~ Multiply 1 by 6 which equals 6 and subtract
from 7 which equals 1.
~ Then bring down the 4 and the process begins
again until every number has been divided.
~ The final answer is 1,237 remainder 1.
If the sum of the digits is

divisible by nine then the
by 9.
If the last digit is a zero then

**Hint: If you have to bring a number down then the number is divisible by
10.
you start back over with divide.
Example: 495
4+9+5 = 18
(Since 18 is divisible by 9 then
495 is divisible by 9.)
Example: 4,560
(Since the last digit is a 0 then
4,560 is divisible by 10.)

Geometry Formulas
triangle:
P=s+s+s
1
2
A=
A=
A=
bh
1
2
P = 6"+6"+6" = 18"
6"(5") = 15 in.2
Geometry Formulas
P = perimeter (The distance around a figure.)
A = area (The measure, in square units, of the
inside of a plane figure.)
V = volume (The number of cubic units a space of
bxh
a solid figure takes up.)
quadrilateral:
P = 7" + 7" = 5" + 5" =24"
P=s+s+s+s
A = 6 x 7 = 42 in.2
6 in.
6 in.
A = bh
2 ft.
10 ft.
6 in.
P = 6" + 4" + 6" + 4" = 20"

A = 4 x 6= 24 in.2
V=lxwxh
circle:
C = 2r
A = r
( 3.14)
V=6x6x6
V = 216 in.3
C = 2r
C = 2()(3")
C = 6
2 ft.
A = r2
V=lxwxh
A = (32)
A = 9
C = 18.84"
A = 28.26 in.
Mean, Median, Mode and Range
V = 2 x 2 x 10
2
Data: 23, 27, 25, 22, 29, 23, 26

Mean (average):
~ Add the numbers together
~ Count up how many numbers you added together
Data Analysis
V = 40 ft.3
Line Graph
Shows changes over
Circle Graph
Shows data that is
time
part of a whole
Double-Bar Graph
Line Plot
Shows frequency of
Compares similar Data
data along a number
and divide the sum by that number.

Ex. 23+27+25+22+29+23+26 = 175
175 7 = 25
Mean = 25
Median:
~ Put the numbers in numerical order and the
number in the middle is the median.
22, 23, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29
Median = 25
Mode:
~ The number that occurs most often.
Mode: 23
Range:
~ The largest number subtract the lowest number.
Ex.
29 - 22 = 7
Range = 7

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What are the different types of fractions discussed in the notes?

What are the different types of fractions discussed in the notes?

How do you add and subtract fractions with unlike denominators?

How do you add and subtract fractions with unlike denominators?

5th Grade Math Notes

Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions

- (the # of pieces shaded or unshaded)

fraction you multiply the denominator by the whole

- (the total number of pieces)

When converting an improper fraction into a mixed

**Hint: Zero can NEVER be a denominator.**

**Hint: The dividend becomes the whole number

The rule when converting fractions is that what ever

~ You divided 24 by 6 which equals 4.

have to determine which operation was used.

~ If your denominator is 24 and it changes to 4 you

* Hint: Make sure you have a common

denominator before you add.

5th Grade Math Notes

Adding & Subtracting with UNLIKE Denominators

~ Multiply the numerator by the numerator.

~ Multiply the denominator by the denominator.

1. Find the least common multiple (LCM) by listing the

multiples of each denominator in the problem. Circle

the least common multiple and use it as your common

denominator. (Ex: the LCM of 2 and 3 is 6. Use 6 as

3. Perform the operation & keep the new denominator.

*HINT: remember to simplify your answer.

4. Write the answer in simplest form.

~ Invert the fraction

~ multiply the fractions

~ Draw a sled and write the fraction in it.

divided by any number other than 1

fraction in simplest form.

left of the sled. (ex. 2 x 3 = 6) GCF = 6

~ See how many squares on the bottom picture match the

top picture and that is the new fraction.

5th Grade Math Notes

2. Drag the decimal straight down.

5,280 feet = 1 mile

1 kilometer = 1,000 meters

2. Drag the decimal point straight down.

2. Count the digits behind the decimals.

3. Place your decimal point in the product (answer).

Make sure the product and the original problem have

the same number of digits behind the decimal.

4. In your answer, place the decimal directly above

Fraction, Decimal and Percent

~ To find the decimal divide the numerator by the

~ The percentage is the first two numbers behind

Yo, find that place value

5th Grade Math Notes

If the last digit is divisible

If the sum of the digits is

If the last two digits are

If the last digit is a five or a

Divisibility Rules 6-10

(Since 8 is divisible by two

If the last three digits are

Hint: Zero can NEVER be a denominator.