Characteristics and Performance of Power Transmission Lines

Characteristics and Performance of
Power Transmission Lines

1
SHORT AND MEDIUM TRANSMISSION LINES
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus.
The topics covered in this lecture will be

2
To develop model for transmission lines of various
lengths.
To calculate voltage and current in short, medium
and long lines.
To understand the concepts of voltage regulation and
efficiency in transmission lines
At the end of this lecture you should be able to

3
Model transmission lines for calculating voltages and
currents .
Understand the power flow between two ends of the
of a transmission line.
Transmission lines shall transmit power while

satisfying the following requirement
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Voltage should remain as constant as possible
through the entire line length.

Lines losses should be as low as possible.
Line conductors should not overheat due the I2R
losses.
transmission lines are classified

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Short line whose length is less than 80 km.

Medium line whose length is between 80 km and
250 km.
Long line whose length in more than 250 km.
Nomenclature
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r = line resistance/phase/unit length

z=series impedance/length/phase
y=shunt admittance/length/phase
L = line inductance /unit length/phase
C = line capacitance/ unit length/phase
l=length of transmission line
Z=zl=total series impedance/phase
Y=yl=tottal shunt admittance/phase to neutral
VR= phase voltage at the receiving end.
IR = receiving current
VS= phase voltage at the sending end
IS = sending end current
SR = three phase apparent power at receiving end
SS = three phase apparent power at sending end.
Short line Model and Representation

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Capacitance of short lines is very small.

It is ignored in short lines without much error
It is represented by a series impedance , Z, which is
given by
Z = (r + jL)l
Where l= line length, = frequency
The impedance is written in terms of the total line
resistance and line reactance as
Z = (R + jX )
Short line model

8
Short line model

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Two port network

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Voltage Regulation
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Efficiency
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Example
13
Solution
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Solution
15

16
SHORT AND MEDIUM TRANSMISSION LINES
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Short Transmission line-Phasor Diagram

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Short Transmission line-Phasor Diagram

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Short Transmission
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Short Transmission
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Short Transmission
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Short Transmission
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Medium Line Model

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Capacitance of medium lines is significant and can
not be ignored.
Y = ( jwC )l
T- model
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T- model
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T- model
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- model
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- model
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- model
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- model
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Example-1
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Solution
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Solution
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Solution
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Example-2
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Solution
36
Solution
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Solution
38
Solution
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Example-3
40
Solution
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Solution
42
Solution
43

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LONG TRANSMISSION LINES
Long Transmission Line

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46

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T- model :Long Transmission Line

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50

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57

58

59

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- model :Long Transmission Line

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63

64

65

66

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68
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Ferranti Effect
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Ferranti Effect
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Ferranti Effect
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Ferranti Effect
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Ferranti Effect
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Ferranti Effect
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Ferranti Effect
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Ferranti Effect
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Tuned Power Lines

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Example-1
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Example-1
80
Example-2
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Solution
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Solution
83

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POWER FLOW THROUGH TRANSMISSION LINE
Two bus system

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Sending and receiving end currents

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Sending and receiving end VA

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Sending and receiving end 3phase VA

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Real and reactive powers of both sending end and

receiving end
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Maximum received power

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For Short transmission line

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Voltage control
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Voltage ratings of the various buses in the power system
which includes generating station buses, switching

substation buses, receiving substation buses and
distribution substation buses should be within the
permissible limits for satisfactory operation of all
electrical equipments.
The task of voltage control is closely associated with
fluctuating load conditions and corresponding
requirements of reactive power compensation.
Therefore several voltage control methods are employed
in power system to keep the voltage levels within the
desirable limits.
Voltage Control
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Reactive Power Injection

97
Types of VAR Generators

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Static VAR generators

Static capacitor bank
Dynamic VAR generators
Synchronous condenser
Static VAR generator

99
Rotating VAR generator

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Control by transformers
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Example-1
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Example-1
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Example-1
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Example-1
105
Example-2
106

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Characteristics and Performance of Power Transmission Lines

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Characteristics and Performance of

Power Transmission Lines

The topics covered in this lecture will be

To develop model for transmission lines of various

At the end of this lecture you should be able to

Model transmission lines for calculating voltages and

Transmission lines shall transmit power while

Voltage should remain as constant as possible

through the entire line length.

transmission lines are classified

Short line whose length is less than 80 km.

r = line resistance/phase/unit length

Short line Model and Representation

Capacitance of short lines is very small.

Short line model

Short line model

Two port network

Characteristics and Performance of

SHORT AND MEDIUM TRANSMISSION LINES

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

Short Transmission line-Phasor Diagram

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

Short Transmission line-Phasor Diagram

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

Medium Line Model

Capacitance of medium lines is significant and can

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

Characteristics and Performance of

LONG TRANSMISSION LINES

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

Long Transmission Line

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

Long Transmission Line

R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.

Long Transmission Line