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Ch7 1laplace Transform 1
Ch7 1laplace Transform 1
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS:
Laplace transform is a special type of linear
integral transform and its defined as
Laplace transform has many properties that make it
very useful in solving linear initial value problems
Definition: Let f be a function defined for
L f (t )
s t
t0
f (t ) dt
L1
Lt n
1
s
Le at
n!
s n 1
1
sa
n 1,2,3,
(4) Lsin kt s k
s
(5) Lcos kt s k
k
(6) Lsinh kt s k
s
(7) Lcosh kt s k
2
f(t)
Q.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Evaluate
4
0
f (t)
L f (t )
0 t2
t2
2t 1 0 t 1
t 1
0
f (t )
where
(c)
c
a
f (t ) t 2e 2t
Solution
(a) L f (t ) =
(b) L f (t ) =
st
e
0
st
4 st
4 dt 0dt
e
s
2
( 2t 1) dt 0dt
1
4 2s
(e
1)
s
1
2
(1 3e s ) 2 (1 e s )
s
s
0t a
f (t ) c
0
(c)
L f (t )
(d)
at b
tb
a
0 dt e
0
L f (t )
st
c dt 0dt
b
2 2 t st
t e e dt
c sa
(e e sb )
s
e ( s 2 ) t dt
1 2 ( s 2 )t
2
2
t e
te ( s 2 ) t
e ( s 2)t
s2
( s 2) 2
( s 2) 3
Q. Find L f (t ) where
a) f (t ) (2t 1)
b) f (t ) 4t 5 sin 3t
Sol:
a) L (2t 1) L 8t 12t 6t 1 8L t
3
b)
L f (t )
12L t 6L t L 1
2
3!
2!
1 1
12 3 6 2
4
s
s
s
s
L 4t 2 5 sin 3t )
4L t 2
5 L sin 3t
SECTION 7.2:
INVERSE TRANSFORMS
2
3
5 2
3
s
s 9
2
( s 2) 3
If
F(s)
f(t)
(t )
1
s
H (t )
tn
n!
s n1
1
sa
e at
1
( s a ) n1
s
2
s 2
2
s 2
s
2
s a2
a
2
s a2
t n e at
n!
cos( t )
s
(s a 2 )2
t
sin( t )
2
2
(s 2 2 )2
1
(sin( t ) t cos( t ))
2
sin( t )
cosh(at )
sinh(at )
1 L1
sa
e at L1
(2)
(4)
n!
t n L1
n 1,2,3,
n 1
s
k
2
s k
sin kt L1
(5)
(7)
cosh kt L1
Q.
L1
s
s k2
s
2
s k2
cos kt L1
(6)
s 1
2
s 2
2
s k
2
s 1
2
( s 2)
L1
s
1
2
s 2
L1
sinh kt L1
1
1
4 6
1
5
L 4
s 8
s
s s
Q. Evaluate
Sol;
L1
s 2
2
1 4!
5
4s
L1
L cos kt
s 8
L1
s
s k2
sin
L sin kt
cos 2t
1 4
t e 8 t
4
k
s k2
2
2t
2
Expression
a. Linear factor
c. Quadratic term
(which cannot be
factored)
Note: In each of the above cases f(x) must be of less degree than the relevant
denominator.
s 1
A
B
Example :
( s 2) ( s 3) s 2 s 3
A (s 3) B s 2
s 1
(s 2) (s 3)
(s 2) (s 3)
A B 1
Expand into a
term for
each factor
in the
denominator
3A 2B 1
s 1
1
2
(s 2) (s 3) s 2 s 3
Recombine
RHS
Equate terms in
s and
constant
2s 13
terms.
L
Q. Evaluate (s 3)(s 2)
Solve.
Sol. Using partial fraction decomposition, Y(s) can be rewritten:
Each term is in
a form so
that inverse
Laplace
transforms
can be
applied.
1
2s 13
A
B
s 3 s 2 s 3 s 2
2s 13 A s 2 B s 3
2s 13 (A B )s (2A 3B )
A B 2, 2A 3B 13
A 7, B 9
2s 13
7
9
s 3 s 2 s 3 s 2
y (t ) 9e
2t
7e
3t
(n)
n 1
n 2
( n 1)
(0)
and L {13sin 2t } 13
2
s2 4
2
sY y (0) 3Y 13 2
s 4
26
sY 6 3Y 2
s 4
26
Y (s 3) 6 2
s 4
26
Y (s 3) 2
6
s 4
26
6
6s 2 50
Y
2
(s 3)(s 4) s 3
(s 3)(s 2 4)
A
Bs C
6s 2 50
2
(s 3)(s 2 4) (s 3) (s 4)
6s 2 50 A (s 2 4) ( Bs C )(s 3)
6s 2 50 As 2 4A Bs 2 3Bs Cs 3C
6s 2 50 s 2 (A B ) s (3B C ) 3C 4A
A B 6
3B C 0
4A 3C 50
A 8
B 2
C 6
A
Bs C
8
2s 6
Y (s )
2
2
(s 3) (s 4) (s 3) (s 4)
8
s
1
1
2
L
3L
2
s 4
s 3
y (t ) 8L 1
s 2 4
y 8e 3t 2 cos 2t 3sin 2t
Q. Using Laplace Transforms, solve
y 9 y e t , y (0) 0, y(0) 0
Sol.
L( y 9 y ) L(e t )
L( y ) 9 L( y ) L(e t )
1
and L (e )
s 1
t
1
1 1
1
1
s
( 2
2
)
2
( s 1)( s 9) 10 s 1 10 s 9 s 9
1 1
1
1
s
1 t
1
1
e
sin 3t
cos 3t
L1 (
( 2
2
) y
10
30
10
10 s 1 10 s 9 s 9
Hence,
y=
s 2Y ( s ) 9Y ( s )
s 1
Y (s)
If
L{ f (t )} F ( s )
L{e at f (t )} F ( s a )
Proof
L{e at f (t )}
st at
( s a )t
f (t ) dt F ( s a )
e e f (t )dt e
L{e at f (t )} L f (t )
ssa
F ( s a)
L1F ( s a ) e at L1{F ( s )}
Example 1 Evaluate
(a)
L{e5t t 3}
(a)
6
( s 5) 4
L{e 5t t 3}
(b)
Example 2 Evaluate
3
Le sin 3t
( s 1) 9
(b)
s2
( s 2) 2 16
3
L sin 3t 2
s 9
L e t sin 3t
Example 2 Evaluate
L1 (
2s 5
)
2
s 6 s 34
)=(
=
Example (3) Evaluate
2s 5
2
( s 3)
L1
2s 5
A
B
2
11
2
2
( s 3)
s 3 ( s 3)
s 3 ( s 3) 2
2s 5
1
1
1
2 L1
2e 3t 11e 3t t
11L
2
2
s 3
( s 3)
( s 3)
L1
Q. Solve :
s3
1
5
)
2
2
5 ( s 3) 2 5 2
( s 3) 5
1
2e 3t cos 5t e 3t sin 5t
5
L1 (2
y 4 y 4 y t 3 , y (0) 1, y(0) 0
s ( s 2)
4s 8s
4s
4s
4 s 2 8 ( s 2) ,
Applying inverse Laplace transform, we get;
3
3 9
3
1
1
13
t t 2 t 3 e 2t te 2 t
4 8
4
4
4
8
U (t a )
is defined to be
0, 0 t a
ta
1,
U (t a )
e as
L{U (t a )}
s
and
e as
U (t a )
s
L1
f (t ) 2 3U (t 2) U (t 3)
2
e 2 s e 3 s
3
s
s
s
L1{e as F ( s )} f (t a )U (t a )
1
L{e U (t 2) e L{e } e
s4
4 (t 2)
2 s
L{cos 3(t
4t
2s
s
)U (t )} e 2
2
2
2
s 9
Evaluate
L cos t U (t )
e s
s
s 1
2
Evaluate
(1 e 2 s ) 2
s2
L1
(1 e 2 s ) 2
1
2e 2 s
e 4 s
1
2t
2(t 2)
U (t 2) e 2 ( t 4 )U (t 4)
L
e 2e
s
2
s
2
s
2
s
L1