Carrier Oils

A carrier oil is a vegetable oil derived from the fatty portion of a plant, usually from
the seeds, kernels or the nuts.
If applied to the skin undiluted, essential oils, absolutes, CO2s and other concentrated
aromatics can cause severe irritation or reactions in some individuals. Carrier oils are
used to dilute essential and other oils prior to application. They carry the essential oil
onto the skin.
Each carrier oil offers a different combination of therapeutic properties and
characteristics. The choice of carrier oil can depend on the therapeutic benefit being
sought.
Natural lotions, creams, body oils, bath oils, lip balms and other moisturizing skin
care products are also made using vegetable (carrier) oils. From a simple essential
oil/carrier oil blend to a more complex natural lotion, your choice of carrier oil can
make a difference in the therapeutic properties, color, overall aroma and shelf life of
your final product.
Adding essential oil, drop by drop, to a tablespoon of
carrier oil.
Essential vs. Carrier Oils
Essential oils are distilled from the leaves, bark, roots and other aromatic portions of a
botanical. Essential oils evaporate and have a concentrated aroma. Carrier oils, on the
other hand, are pressed from the fatty portions (seeds, nuts, kernels) and do not
evaporate or impart their aroma as strongly as essential oils. Carrier oils can go rancid
over time, but essential oils do not. Instead, essential oils "oxidize" and lose their
therapeutic benefits, but they don't go rancid.
Vegetable Oils/Fixed Oils/Base Oils
The term carrier oil is generally limited to use within the practice of aromatherapy. In
natural skin care, carrier oils are typically referred to as vegetable oils, fixed oils or
base oils. Not all fixed oils/base oils are vegetable oils. Emu oil (from the emu bird)
and fish (marine) oils are also classified as fixed/base oils, but these animal-based oils
are generally not used for aromatherapy work.
The Aroma of Carrier Oils
Some carrier oils are odorless, but generally speaking, most have a faintly sweet,
nutty aroma. If you come across a carrier oil that has a strong, bitter aroma, the carrier
oil may have gone rancid. See the Carrier Oils and Rancidity section of this article for
information on rancidity.

Apricot Kernel Oil

Botanical Name: Prunus armeniaca Aroma: Faint.

Viscosity: Medium. Absorption/Feel: Oily Texture.
Color: Virtually Clear With a Yellow Tinge. Shelf Life: 12 Months.
Notes: The semi-oily texture of Apricot Kernel Oil makes it a good choice for use in
massage and massage oil blends. It somewhat resembles Sweet Almond Oil in its
properties and consistency.

Apricot kernel oil is particularly helpful for dehydrated, delicate, mature and sensitive
skin, and it helps to sooth inflammation. This finely textured oil spreads easily and is
particularly rich in both oleic acid and linoleic acid.A member of the Rosaceae family
and a relative of the Almond and Peach, the Apricot tree is native to Spain and
cultivated in the Mediterranean and California. It bears soft cream blossoms with pink
yellow centres. It is used in soothing emulsions, and massage oils especially those for
the face.If you are looking for a fine textured carrier oil, that is easily absorbed by the
skin without leaving it feeling oily and that is high in poly- unsaturated fatty acids,
that is specifically beneficial when doing facial massage, then look no further than
Apricot Kernel Oil.Rich in vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, B17 and E. An ideal basic carrier
oil, nourishing and protecting to the skin. Calms skin irritation. Can be used on its
own or with other carrier oils. Good keeping qualities as it contains vitamin E. This is
one the most widely used carrier oils.
Natural Touch Aromatherapy sells a light, refined oil, extracted from the seed kernel
of the fruit. It is finely textured and contains a small amount of Vitamin E that acts as
both a preservative and an anti-oxidant.

Avocado oil

Avocado oil it is often mistaken for a vegetable oil but it is actually a fruit since it has
a stone - but none-the- less it can yield a staggering 30% oil and in its crude form is a
great oil to use as carrier oil when performing aromatherapy massage.
As a member of the Lauraceae family, the avocado is the fruit of a tall tropical and
subtropical evergreen tree. The fruit was eaten by the Aztecs and Spanish in the early
sixteenth century. It became popular in the early twentieth century when cultivation
started in the USA. It has the highest fat content of any fruit, over twenty percent of
its weight.
It is very easy to digest and is recommended for helping stomach and intestinal
trouble and for stimulating the liver. Avocados help to reduce the proliferation of
bacteria in the intestines and those which cause problems in the bladder, such as
cystitis. The vitamin A and B content are good for the nervous system.
It is a rich heavy oil, that is deeply penetrating and rich in vitamins A and D, lecithin,
potassium as well as vitamin E.
The crude Avocado oil is green in color as it still contains chlorophyll and is
classified as a mono- unsaturated oil.
It is often used by therapists for clients with dry or mature skins, or people suffering
from eczema or psoriasis, and is very useful when treating sun or climate damaged
skin that is dehydrated and undernourished as it is said to help with regenerating the
skin and softening the tissue.
Latin Name: persea americana
A cold pressed, high quality base oil with a delightful emerald hue. Its slightly sludgy
appearance emphasises the fact that it has been sieved rather than being refined by
heat treatment. It is rich in essential fatty acids and has superb powers of skin.

Calendula oil

Calendula oil (Calendula officinalis) is sometimes confused with tagetes, which is

also part of the marigold family. However, Calendula oil is what is classed as a
macerated or infused oil, where the plant material is infused in oil, and the the
botanical material then removed, leaving the oil with some of the properties of the
botanical material.
A member of the Compositae family, Calendula is a herbaceous annual up to 50 cm
high. The flowers are vivid orange and the stems sticky when cut. In India, which may
have been the plants country of origin, the gods and goddesses adorning the temples
are crowned with wreaths of marigolds.
Calendula massage oil has great healing, soothing and softening qualities which
makes it a good choice to include when mixing a massage oil or preparing a carrier oil
blend.
This oil is great to help with sore, inflamed and itchy skin conditions, also for burns,
eczema and nappy rash, as well as sore cracked nipples. It is also used to treat thread
and spider veins as well as varicose veins.
When looking for a base oil for massaging to use when suffering from skin problems,
either with or without the addition of essential oils, then consider calendula oil.
Latin Name: calendula officinalis
A lovely golden orange oil made by infusing marigolds in sunflower oil. Known for
its soothing properties in skin care. Therapists often use this oil on such conditions as
eczema, nappy rash and the later stages of burn treatment.

The following are list of calendula's reported medicinal applications:

Wound healing
Anti-inflammatory
Burns (minor, including sunburn)
Conjunctivitis
Eczema
Gastritis
Injuries (minor)
Peptic ulcer
Ulcerative colitis
Sore Throat

The oil extracted from the calendula herb serves many purposes. Externally applied to
the ear, it has been reported to alleviate pain and discomfort from an earache. Taken
internally, it may aid in eliminating fever, soothing a festering ulcer, and relieving
discomfort of menstrual cramps. Calendula provides one of its greatest benefits in
relieving eruptive skin disorders such as shingles, a viral infection. Calendula is
considered by many to be an effective detoxifying herb that can help with the toxicity
associated many severe fevers and infections. Calendula is also widely recognized as
a cleanser for the liver, gallbladder, and other organs.
Dosage and Administration

To make calendula tea simply pour 200 ml of boiling water over 1-2 teaspoons
of calendula flowers and let sit for 15 minutes. Calendula tea may be taken 3
times per day.
Calendula tincture, which can be taken with water or tea, can be taken 3 times
a day (in doses of 1-2 ml). To make calendul tincture soak a cup of flowers in
.5 quarts of rectified alcohol or whiskey for 5 to 6 weeks. A tincture dose is 5
to 15 drops.
To make calendula juice take 1 tsp of freshly pressed
To create a calendula salve for external application boil 1 oz dried flowers or
leaves with 1 oz lard.

As calendula may seal dirt into the body, make sure when using on a wound that the
wound is thoroughly cleaned out. Do not use tincture on wounds as the alcohol base
will burn the raw tissue. Calendula as a lotion is even less irritating than most over the
counter external antiseptics.

Jojoba oil

Jojoba oil (Simmondsia chinensis) is in reality not an oil but a liquid wax, and is pronounced
"ho-ho- ba".
A member of the Simmondsiaceae family, it is a shrub growing up to two metres high, native
to south western USA and northern Mexico. Cultivated on large scale in Arizona. It has thick,
leathery oblong-ovate leaves. Small, petal less flowers appear in spring, followed by ovid
capsules.
If a good nourishing ingredient is needed for hair care, Jojoba oil is also sometimes added to
commercial hair care products, but due to the cost of Jojoba oil, the quantities so included are
low.
It contains myristic acid which also has anti- inflammatory actions and since it has a similar
in composition to that of the skin's own oils, it is quickly absorbed and is excellent for dry and
mature skins as well as inflamed conditions.
Will solidify at low temperatures, so may need warming during winter. Very stable- excellent
keeping properties.
In truth this is not really an oil but is a liquid wax extracted by cold expression from the
Jojoba bean. It closely resembles the natural sebum of the skin and is effective as a
moisturiser for all skin types.

What is jojoba oil anyway?

Jojoba (pronounced ho-HO-ba) is a botanical extract of the seed of the jojoba tree
(Simmondsia chinenis). Whats interesting about it is that it isnt actually an oil, but rather
what they call a wax ester. Why do we care? Because out of all of the compounds in nature,
this wax ester is the most similar to human skin oil (sebum). It is theorized that applying
jojoba to the skin can trick the skin into thinking it is producing enough oil, thus balancing
oil production. The bottom line for us is that jojoba oil is non-comedogenic so we can use it
without fear.

Benefits of jojoba oil

Provides all day moisturization jojoba oil doesnt evaporate like water based
moisturizers can.
It is theorized, but not yet proven, that because jojoba oil is so similar to human skin
oil, it can "trick" the skin into thinking it has produced enough oil and thus balance
oil production.
Very stable jojoba oil does not become rancid or lose antioxidants even after long
periods of storage.
Spreads well and absorbs well.
The organic variety is free of pesticides, GMOs, and is sustainably farmed.

Drawbacks of jojoba oil

Can be somewhat expensive, especially when organic. At high amounts--over 10 drops--it can
lend a shine to the skin. You may want to be conservative with it during the day (6 drops at a
time). Conservative usage should actually balance oil production and reduce shine. At night
before bed, feel free to go for it.

Jojoba oil - for use as a:

Moisturizer After dispensing any facial moisturizer onto your palm, try adding a few drops
(I use 6 drops) of jojoba oil to make it into a super moisturizer. Flakiness will subside and the
moisturizer will have an improved feel on your skin.
Make-up remover Since jojoba oil is not an eye irritant, nor allergenic, you can use it to
remove eye makeup. It also easily removes foundation, blush, and lipstick.
Lip balm I use jojoba oil as a lip balm all the time. I just put a few drops on my finger and
apply to my lips. Lots of lip balms tend to contain comedogenic (clogs pores) ingredients, so
jojoba oil is a nice alternative. This is especially nice at night because, excuse the grossness,
but if you tend to slobber when you sleep whatever you put on your lips will come into
contact with your face. Jojoba oil is great for this purpose. As a side note, if you need major
help with dry lips, pure petroleum jelly is non-comedogenic and works as well.
Hair conditioner You can mix a few drops of jojoba oil into your current conditioner or
use it on its own. You can also add it to damp hair before drying. Also, you can add it to dry
hair to promote shine. Jojoba oil also moisturizes the scalp, helping prevent dandruff.
Shave prep - Put a whole bunch of jojoba oil on your beard area beneath your shaving cream
(lather from Acne.org cleanser or other non-comedogenic shaving cream) for a more
comfortable shave. This helps prevent razor burn and leaves your skin feeling nice and soft.
Massage oil I got a massage recently and asked the masseuse to use jojoba oil. She said,
wow, a little of this goes a long way. Plus I was able to enjoy my massage much more
knowing that the massage oil was non-comedogenic. Ive had no problems with breakouts
since.

Sesame Seed oil

Sesame Seed oil (Sesamum indicum) is a vegetable oil, sometimes known as benne, that is
used as a carrier oil in aromatherapy massage. It is one of the oldest herbs specifically grown
for its seeds. Egyptians ground it to produce flour and the Roman soldiers mixed sesame with
honey to give them extra strength for their long military campaigns.
The sesame oil is extracted from raw seeds or seeds which have been roasted prior to being
pressed. The latter oil is dark and smoky red and is often used in Chinese cooking. The
natural oil is light in colourand slightly nutty to taste. Sesame seed oil is comparatively stable
and does not turn rancis on contact with the air.
Sesame seed oil is high in Vitamin E, B complex vitamins, and the minerals calcium,
magnesium and phosphorous.
It is a good source of vegetable protein and comparatively rich in lecithin
Because Sesame Seed oil is high in calcium, it is not acid forming, and can be considered to
be a good laxative for those suffering from stomach disorders.
Latine Name: sesamum indicum
The oil can be used in skincare as a natural moisturiser

historically, sesame oil has been used as an anti-inflammatory

, antiseptic and pain
reliever in skin conditions, gum disease and a variety of other illnesses. Modern science now
knows that sesame oil is a powerful antioxidant (a substance that reduces the presence of
harmful chemicals in the body), high in polyunsaturated fats and an excellent source of
vitamin E and minerals. Sesame oil, in fact, has the fourth-highest concentration of
polyunsaturated fats of any oil. Polyunsaturated fats are important for cell growth and
development and are especially beneficial to the heart. Polyunsaturated fats are also thought
to be important in the prevention of illnesses such as diabetes, heart disease, high blood
pressure, arthritis and autoimmune disorders. Because sesame oil is a natural, readily
attainable source of these important polyunsaturated fats as well as its vitamin and antioxidant
properties, it has begun to pique the interest of traditional Western medicine. Sesame oil has
been the subject of multiple clinical studies and continues to be examined as a potential
treatment for cancer, menopause, gum disease, high blood pressure and heart disease.

Sweet almond oil

Sweet almond oil (Prunus amygdalus var. dulcis) is a great vegetable oil that is one of
the most used carrier oils in aromatherapy massage, and this is understandable since it
has a fine texture, is easily absorbed, and helps to leave the skin soft and satiny
smooth yet it is non-greasy and easily absorbed.
A member of the Rosaceae family and a relative of the Peach and Apricot, the
Almond tree is native to Barbary but cultivated in the Mediterranean and California. It
bears soft cream blossoms with yellow centres, which appear before the leaves.
Sweet Almond Oil is obtained from the dried kernels of the almond tree and it is an
excellent emollient (softening and soothing to the skin) and also helps the skin to
balance its loss and absorption of moisture.
Rich in vitamins A, B1, B2, B6 and E. An ideal basic carrier oil, nourishing and
protecting to the skin. Calms skin irritation. Can be used on its own or with other
carrier oils. Good keeping qualities as it contains vitamin E. This is the most widely
used carrier oil.
It is further a great moisturizer suitable for all skin types, helps relieve irritation,
inflammation and itching, and is greatly lubricating and because it is not an overly
fast penetrating oil, it is a good massage medium to use to help spread the oil and
essential oil mixture, while still allowing you time to do a good massage before it is
absorbed by the skin.
Latine Name: prunus dulcis
Virgin, cold-pressed sweet almond oil with no additives. An excellent massage oil
valued for its viscosity and durability. Good for oily and easily irritated, sensitive
skins. Contains vitamins and minerals.

Apricot Kernel Oil

Botanical Name: Prunus armeniaca
Aroma: Faint.
Viscosity: Medium.
Absorption/Feel: Oily Texture.
Color: Virtually Clear With a Yellow Tinge.
Shelf Life: 12 Months.
Notes: The semi-oily texture of Apricot Kernel Oil makes it a good choice for use in
massage and massage oil blends. It somewhat resembles Sweet Almond Oil in its
properties and consistency.

Olive Oil

Olive Oil is one of the many carrier oils used in massage, aromatherapy, and other
body treatments. It has a rich, full bodied flavor with a strong aroma and is golden
brown in color. Has a great conditioning effect in body care recipes and can be used
in almost all applications because of its stable nature.
Olive Oil contains protein, minerals, and vitamins and can be used in the treatment for
rheumatic conditions, hair care, cosmetics; soothing, nail and hair care. It is also
helpful for inflamed or acne skin, bruises and sprains. As it has a strong odour, it is
recommended that it only be used as a carrier oil for Essential Oils, which have a
strong scent.
Its shelf life can be up to one year without refrigeration.
Method of extraction: Extra Virgin Cold Pressed/Unrefined
The Egyptians (imagine the legendary Cleopatra), Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans
all took full advantage of this prized oil. Today, we observe the beautiful skin of
Mediterranean women. Many claim their secret is the
oil of this tiny fruit.
Olive oil will:

Promote a smooth, radiant complexion

Help maintain elasticity of skin
Heal dry, brittle nails and soften cuticles
Condition and add shine to hair

Tasty, too...
To receive the full benefit of olive oil, don't limit it to
external care. Take a cue from the Mediterranean
culture... eat it! Incorporate this healthy oil regularly
into your diet. Youll enhance your health while
improving the appearance of your skin.
Olive oil is high in antioxidants, including vitamin E.

Antioxidants are nutritional powerhouses that protect against age-accelerating free

radicals. The oil of this miraculous fruit will guard your body and your skin... from
the inside out.
The next time you enjoy a healthy salad, top with a drizzle of olive oil. Balsamic
vinegar and olive oil make a delicious vinaigrette that is high in antioxidant, antiaging protection.
When purchasing, choose Extra Virgin olive oil. This is the least processed and
retains the highest nutrient value.
Olive Oil Skin Treatment... Straight From the Bottle
You can create simple skin care recipes right in your kitchen. Try the mini beauty
treatments below...
Bath: For a moisturizing soak, add about cup olive oil and several drops of
essential oil to your bathwater. Lavender oil will help you relax before going to bed.
(Careful - the tub will be slippery!)
Dry Skin: Gently massage a small amount of olive oil on extra dry areas such as
elbows or heels.
Hands: Whip up a quick sugar scrub for rough, dry hands. Combine two tablespoons
of oil with two tablespoons of sugar. Rub on hands until sugar begins to dissolve.
Rinse with warm water. Voil! Silky-smooth hands.
Feet: Apply a liberal amount of oil to feet at bedtime. Cover with cotton socks. Not
sexy... but oh-so-soft feet in the morning! The magic works for hands, too. Cover with
white cotton gloves (hmm, even less sexy).
Face: Create a moisturizing facial mask with olive oil, honey, and an egg yolk. Beat
until well blended and apply to face... then relax! Leave on for 15 minutes; rinse with
warm water.
Nails: Warm a small dish of olive oil (not too hot) with a tablespoon of lemon juice.
Soak nails for 5- 10 minutes. This softens cuticles while it strengthens nails.
Hair: For a simple oil treatment, warm several tablespoons of olive oil (again, not
hot). Rub into scalp and hair. Cover with a shower cap or small plastic bag. Leave on
for 20-30 minutes.
For extra conditioning, mix an egg yolk with the olive oil... but do not warm. This is
great for dry hair and split ends. It may even heal dandruff. Shampoo twice after this
treatment or you'll smell like raw egg!
Lips: Alleviate chapped lips with straight olive oil. Dab on lips... especially helpful at
bedtime.

Rich olive oil body lotion

Moisturizing olive oil cleanser

Olive oil hair products

Take a hint from the beautiful Mediterraneans of today and long ago. Try olive oil
skin care for yourself. This anti-aging, antioxidant-rich oil can be YOUR personal
beauty secret, too!

Castor Oil

Castor Oil is a very pale yellow liquid that is extracted from castor seeds (Ricinus Communis).
It is an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant oil which has been used for centuries for its
therapeutic and medicinal benefits. It is believed that most of castor oil's benefits are
derived from its high concentration of unsaturated fatty acids. Although it has a strong and
rather unpleasant taste, castor oil is used in cosmetics, soaps, textiles, medicines, massage
oils and many other everyday products.

What are the Benefits of Castor Oil?

Castor Oil has been used both internally and externally for thousands of years due to its
many wonderful health benefits. Since it can strengthen the immune system, castor oil is
considered a great remedy to treat the following major illnesses and ailments:

Multiple Sclerosis
Parkinson's Disease
Cerebral Palsy
Hair loss
Pain from Arthritis and Rheumatism

It has also been found to help with many everyday problems such as:

Yeast Infections
Constipation
Gastrointestinal Problems
Menstrual Disorders
Migraines
Acne
Sunburn
Athlete's Foot
Ringworm
Skin Abrasions
Inflammation

Castor Oil is also commonly used to induce labour, so pregnant women should always
consult a doctor before using it.

Uses of Castor Oil

Arthritis Natural Remedy
The anti-inflammatory properties of Castor Oil make it an excellent massage oil for relieving
arthritic joints, nerve inflammations, and sore muscles.

Make a small pad by folding a small piece of unbleached cotton flannelette into 3 or
4 layers.
Dip the cotton pad into Castor Oil and place it on to the affected joint or muscle.
Cover the pad with a plastic wrap.
Place a hot water bottle or heating pad over the plastic wrapped cotton pad. The
plastic wrap will prevent the water bottle or heating pad from getting oily.
Leave the cotton pad on for 45 minutes to an hour, once per day.

This Castor Oil pack can be reused. Simply place it into a plastic ziplock bag and refrigerate it
until it is ready to be used again. It can be refrigerated in a ziplock bag.
Constipation Remedy
Studies have shown that Castor Oil is a very strong laxative, which makes it very effective
against constipation. Therefore, simply take a teaspoon of castor oil in the morning. You can
mix the oil with orange juice, cranberry juice, prune juice, or ginger juice to take away from
the bitter taste without affecting the laxative effects. However, do not take it continuously
for more than 3 days. If symptoms persist for longer than 3 days, consult your physician
immediately.
Ringworm Treatment
Ringworm is known to be a stubborn condition to treat, but one of the active compounds of
Castor Oil (Undecylenic Acid) has been found to be very effective at treating this fungal
infection.

Spray Castor leaves with some hot water and coarsely crush the leaves.

Soak the leaves in pure coconut oil.

Warm the leaves to a temperature that will not burn the skin, and apply the leaves
over the affected area as a poultice.
Leave on the skin for at least one hour, or optionally overnight.
You may wrap the leaves with unbleached cotton fabric to prevent the oil from
staining your bed sheets.

Repeat the procedure every night before going to bed until cured. However, if you notice
any redness or discomfort around the area, discontinue this remedy.
Skin Problems
Successful studies have approved the use of Castor Oil for skin infections and other skin
problems such as sunburn, abrasions, acne, dry skin, boils, warts, stretch marks, liver/age
spots, athletes foot and chronic itching and inflamed skin.

Dip a cotton ball into Castor oil and apply it onto the affected skin in the morning
and at night.
Alternatively, for larger skin areas, soak an appropriately large piece of unbleached
cotton cloth in Castor Oil and wrap the affected area overnight.
If the area is very small, soak a Band-Aid in Castor Oil and cover the infected skin
overnight.

For stubborn fungal infections that affect the skin or nails, it is recommended to soak the
affected skin in Epsom Salt for 10-15 minutes to soften and disinfect the skin before applying
Castor Oil. This can help speed up the healing process.
Stye Treatment
The anti-bacterial components of castor oil have been found to be effective against styes (oil
gland infections on the eyelid). Simply apply a very small drop of castor oil directly onto the
stye 2 or 3 times per day.
Wrinkle Treatment
Castor oil is a natural emollient that penetrates the skin and helps stimulate the production
of collagen and elastin which can soften and hydrate the skin. Therefore, castor oil is a
wonderful natural treatment for wrinkles since it restores and rejuvenates skin's natural
youthful appearance by making skin smoother, softer and pliant. Dip a small cotton ball into
pure Castor oil and apply it on wrinkled skin before going to bed. Use only a small amount of
oil when applying it to the skin near the eyes.

What are the Side Effects of Castor Oil?

Castor oil is normally safe if used in moderation. However, pregnant and lactating women
and people with intestinal blockage, acute inflammatory intestinal disease, appendicitis, or
abdominal pain should not take Castor Oil without their doctor's approval.

ALOE VERA

Living First-Aid Plant, Medicine Plant, Wand of Heaven, Burn Plant, Divine Healer
Aloe vera barbadensis F. Asphodelaceae
Description

Erect perennial, originating from North Africa and the Mediterranean, with thick, very
succulent, dagger shaped 30- 80cm long leaves, encircling a thick, central stem. The
oldest and largest leaves are at the base, with leaves in the centre of the rosette
formation being younger and smaller. Mature leaves can be 2-2.5cm thick and 6-10cm
wide at the base, gradually tapering to a point at the apex. The upper leaf surface is
flat or slightly dish-shaped and the lower surface rounded, with both surfaces being
smooth to the touch. However, the margins of the leaf are armed with firm, spreading,
triangular-shaped teeth 2-4mm long. Leaves on mature plants are a distinctive greygreen, due to the surface being covered by a greyish bloom, although during summer
they can be greener and during winter they can take on a bronze tinge. I personally
feel the plant colour depends a little on fertility and moisture available to the plant.
New young plants, called pups or suckers, develop near the base of the parent plant as
it grows to a good size or to maturity, which may take 2-4 years, depending on
climate and growing conditions. Leaves of young pups tend to fan sideways and are
pale green with white spots. The spots and fan shape disappear as the pups become
older.
Aloe Vera Barbadensis

Flower stalks develop from the main stem of the plant and stand upright, reaching a
height of 60-90cm. They may have 2-3 terminal branches and poker-like blossom

heads 5- 8cm long, made up of many pendulous tubular flowers with a green tinge
that changes to bright yellow at maturity. Pistil and stamens protrude beyond the end
of the petal tube, which is an identifying feature of this species. Another identifying
feature of A. vera barbadensis is that when the leaf is cut, the sap has a strong smell.
Constituents: beneficial HDL cholesterol, creatin, creatinine, aloin, aloe emodin,
barbaloin, glycoside barbaloin, ester of cinnamic acid, isobarbaloin, chrysophanic
acid, ethereal oil, resistannol, anthranol, anthracene, aloetic acid; enzymes oxidase,
lipase, emylase, catalase, aliinase; mono and poly saccharides, cellulose, glucose,
aldonentose, L-Rhamnose, mannose; lupeol, phenol; protein 2%, essential amino
acids lysine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, threonine, methionene phenylalanine; and
secondary amino acids histidine, proline, arganine, glycine, hydroxyproline, alanine,
aspartic acid, tyrosine, chrystine, serine, glutamic acid; fatty acids linoleic, linolenic,
myristic, caprylic, oleic, palmitic, stearic, B-sitosterol Vitamins: A, B1, B2, B3, B6,
B12, folic acid, choline, K Minerals: calcium, zinc, chromium, magnesium,
potassium, sodium, manganese, chlorine, copper, phosphorus, sulphur, silicon, iron,
cobalt
Actions: antimicrobial, astringent, antibiotic, antioxidant, analgesic, antihistamine,
anti-inflammatory, antiperspirant, antipruritic, cathartic, demulcent, fungicidal,
germicidal, diuretic, detoxicant, vermifuge, vulnerary, emmenagogue, emollient,
cosmetic, aphrodisiac, coagulant, antipyretic
Bonnie & Isabell in aloe patch

Medicinal Uses

Man has used aloe for over 5000 years. Egyptians first wrote of the healing powers of
the plant on their ancient papyrus texts calling it the plant of immortality. Cleopatra
and Nefertiti bathed in aloe juice to retain their youth and beautiful looks. Aloe is
mentioned several times in the Bible. It was used in the burial of Jesus. History and
legend tells that Aristotle convinced Alexander the Great to conquer the island of
Socotra in order to collect aloe plants to use as medicine for his soldiers. Greek writer
Dioscorides made detailed accounts of aloes uses. Aloes influence spread far and
wide. In our century, we have the opportunity to read numerous books, hundreds of
scientific papers and search the internet to discover the many benefits of aloe.
Research studies highlight the tremendous healing powers of aloe when used both
internally and externally. Some of the benefits include: as a pain and allergy inhibitor,
for inflammation, fluid retention, perspiration odours, itching, hemorrhaging and to
close cuts for cell regeneration and healing, to destroy parasites, harmful bacteria and
fungi in the intestinal tract, to relieve bowel tension and help produce bowel
movements, moisturise skin, increase blood flow, remove toxins and dead tissue,
penetrate skin to reach tendons, muscles, joints and the lymph system, and promote
the growth of new tissue. It also has a normalising action on fluid levels and the acid/
alkaline balance in the body. Research has shown that aloe vera can increase the
proliferation of lymphocytes and stimulate natural immunity through killer cell
activity. Aloe has a strong effect on the immune system, by activating and stimulating

macrophages, monocytes, antibodies and T-cells, as well as increasing the number of

anti-body forming Bcells in the spleen.
One of the most important functions of aloe is to aid the digestive system, as poor
digestion can be responsible for many diseases. Our food comprises proteins,
carbohydrates and fats that must undergo a process of digestion, which consists of
breaking down complex substances into simpler ones so they can be absorbed and
used by the body. Aloe is able to assist the body by providing the active properties of
a large range of amino acids, monosaccharides, fatty acids and enzymes that act as
catalysts in breaking down complex foods so the body can assimilate the nutrients
more efficiently. Considerable in-vitro and in-vivo research has been done with the
concentration of mucopolysaccharides (MSPs) found in aloe vera. MSPs are longchained sugar molecules, which are found naturally in every cell of the body,
however, around the time of puberty, the body stops producing them. When taken
internally, they have been shown to have immune stimulating effects. The MSPs of
aloe vera interact with the bodys immune system, enhancing rather than over-riding
this system. MSPs interject themselves into the cell membranes of the body resulting
in much greater cell fluidity and permeability, allowing toxins to flow out of the cells
more freely and nutrients to flow in. These nutrients include electrolytes and water, so
the MSPs are able to facilitate absorbtion in the gastro-intestinal tract. The overall
effect on the body is a rise in energy and cell metabolism activity which leads to a
feeling of wellbeing. MSPs also act to protect cells from invasion by microbes such as
viruses by setting up a protective barrier, which forms a lining on the colon and keeps
toxic wastes from entering the body. MSPs will also lubricate the joints and relieve
pain by dilating capillaries, which increases the supply of oxygen and blood to the
area. Aloe veras properties are extraordinary and have been used to treat mans many
ailments from A to Z. Its uses and the conditions it may relieve include: abscesses,
abrasions, acne, allergies, AIDS, anemia, arterial insufficiency, arthritis, athletes
foot, asthma, bad breath, baldness, blisters, bed sores, bladder infections, blood
pressure, bruises, bronchitis, burns, bursitis, bunions, bed wetting, boils, bone
fractures, candida, canker sores, cancer, carbuncles, cataracts, cramps, chilblains,
chemotherapy side effects, chapped skin and lips, coughs, colds and cold sores, colic,
constipation, cystitis, conjunctivitis, colon cleanser, complexion enhancer, chicken
pox sores, lowers serum cholesterol, convulsions, chronic fatigue syndrome, diabetes,
dandruff, dysentery, depression, dry skin, dermatitis, denture sores, detoxifier,
duodenal ulcers, oedema, Epstein Barr virus, earache, fevers, fungus, frost bite, fluid
retention, gastrointestinal problems, genital herpes, gangrene, gingivitis, glaucoma,
gynaecological diseases, gall ailments, heat rash, headaches, hemorrhoids, heart burn,
high blood pressure, hang-overs, hives, heat exhaustion, insomnia, ingrown toenails,
indigestion, insect bites, inflamed joints, jaundice, kidney infections, leprosy,
laryngitis, lupus, liver ailments, leukaemia, lacerations, multiple sclerosis, mouth
ulcers, moles, migraines, menstrual pain, nausea, nervous stress, nappy rash, obesity,
psoriasis, prostatitis, pancreas problems, pimples, problems caused by protozoa
(ringworm, fungi, virus), prickly heat, periodontal disease, radiation burns, rashes,
scar tissue, skin lesions, stings, styes, sprains, sores, scalds, stretch marks, shingles,
staph infections, sunburn, sore throat, stomach ulcers, sports injuries, sinus, sun spots,
spurs, tonsillitis, tendonitis, trachoma, tuberculosis, tiredness, tropical ear, ulcers,
vaginitis, venereal sores, varicose veins, worms, worts, wounds, X-ray burns, yeast
infection and zoster (shingles).

Aloe vera has six antiseptic agents (sulphur, lupeol, salicylic acid, cinnamic acid, urea
nitrogen and phenol) which act as a team to provide antimicrobial activity thus
eliminating many internal and external infections. The pain relieving action is due to
the effective analgesics in salicylic acid, magnesium and lupeol. Fatty acids also have
a pain reducing, allergy and inflammation relieving effect, and work to lower harmful
cholesterol levels.
Researchers have found that aloe vera applied externally has the ability to reach the
deepest body tissues, penetrating some seven layers. Research at the University of
Texas showed that aloe penetrates human skin almost four times faster than water. A
friend, Joyce, who has discovered the many benefits of aloe vera says, "If it hurts,
stings, itches or burns, put aloe vera on". Apply the gel from the leaf immediately for
burns and scalds, insect bites, nettle stings, chilli burns, pain in general and for quick
healing. For external use, a fresh leaf can be cut open with a knife and the gel applied
to the skin. When wiping the aloe leaf directly on the skin, all the sap can appear to
have been used up, but if you take a knife and score the inside surface of the leaf with
a few cuts, more juice will be released.
Aloe Candleabra

Dose: As a general tonic, aloe vera can be taken regularly for stamina and well being.
Cut one or two large leaves from the base of a plant, and allow to stand half an hour
for the yellow sap just under the skin to drain. Take care not to get this sap on clothes,
as it can stain. To make an infusion from the leaves, cut them into 2cm chunks and
place the pieces into half litre size glass jars with lids (or other containers), filling the
jars about one third. Top up the containers with cold water and put them in the
refrigerator. Leave to steep eight hours or overnight. Pour off one half to one glass of
the aloe infusion and drink first thing in the morning and also the same amount before
each meal and at bedtime if desired. After draining the infusion from a jar, refill the
jar with water. This is where it is beneficial to have several jars prepared, so that the
jar just refilled goes to the back of the shelf in the refrigerator, and the jars are
continually rotated. This allows enough time for each jar to steep before being used.
The infusion can be drunk whenever you feel thirsty.
After 10-12 days, the used aloe can be emptied into the compost, and a new batch
started with fresh leaves. If the jars are not used for a number of days the liquid may
ferment. Discard and start a fresh batch. Each time the jars are refilled, the infusion
will get milder and weaker, but it will still benefit the body. The flavour is mildly
bitter during the first days, but then the infusion will taste like crystal clear spring
water. In fact, many people use this method of infusion to purify drinking water,
particularly in countries where water is untreated. Some people use this procedure to
remove the chlorine taste from treated water by placing a peeled chunk of aloe (with
the yellow sap washed off) into a large jug of water in the refrigerator. As liquid is
taken out to drink, the jug is topped up again. After several weeks of use, a new chunk
of aloe can be started in a clean jug of water. Aloe vera may be prepared as 100%
juice, stabilised with vitamin C. Pick large leaves, cut the skin off, rinse the yellow
sap off with water and place the clear gel in a blender. For 3 cups of gel, add 1 teasp.
of vitamin C powder and blend at low speed. Place in a covered container in the

refrigerator. Take 2-5 tablesp. daily, mixed with water or added to fruit juice, which
helps to disguise the gooey texture and makes it easier to swallow. The pure juice,
taken regularly, is recommended as the most effective way to reap the medicinal
benefits of aloe.
I remember a lady who joined a herb course and heard of aloes benefits for ulcer
sufferers. She decided to start her family on aloe and each morning prepared fresh
orange juice, adding the stabilised aloe juice she had made up. She did not tell her
family about the aloe, as they tended to be rather finicky when it came to new things.
After several months, her husband remarked that his stomach ulcers had not been
bothering him for a while. Margaret kept her secret to herself and enjoyed having a
happier husband without ulcers always niggling, but she told her story to me with
delight and we had a good laugh together!
For anyone not in a position to grow aloe vera, numerous bottled brands of aloe juice
or drink are available. However, even though the label may say 100% aloe juice, the
bottle may not contain only aloe! Large doses of aloe at one time are unwise.
Overdose can cause irritation to the stomach with diarrhea and vomiting. As taking
aloe may stimulate uterine contractions, it should be avoided during pregnancy. And
taken by breastfeeding mothers, aloe can have a laxative effect on the baby.
If taking aloe vera causes cramping of the bowels, use a little ginger with it. The
ginger can be in the form of dried powder, fresh or an infusion made with fresh root.
For a laxative effect, in some people, just drinking the aloe infusion or the stabilised
juice may be sufficient. For severe constipation, the yellow sap may be left on when
blending the gel, as it is this yellow sap that has a strong cathartic action and tastes
very bitter. If a person finds the bitterness too unpleasant, the yellow sap can be added
to fruit juice.
Over the last 20 years, I have had numerous people share with me an aloe recipe for
cancer treatment. Most of these recipes refer to using the candelabra aloe (A.
arborescens) and have come from various South American or European cultures,
where it has been a tradition to use the recipe regularly as a general tonic for good
health. Candelabra aloe has a rather special substance called Aloctin A, found in
quantities that can stimulate biological activities, such as mitogenic activity of T
lymphocytes, with scientific research showing its strong performance in boosting the
immune system.
In cancer patients, immune modulating polysaccharides increase the bodys
production of tumour necrosis factor, which is a natural chemical that functions to
shut off the blood supply to malignant tumours. Another aloe derivative, Alexin B,
possesses powerful anti-cancer activity against lymphocytic leukemia. We may hear
more about candelabra aloe in the future, as the herb farm was recently able to assist a
research group by air-freighting 2000 plants to Sardinia to be grown for research.
Tonic Recipe

To prepare the Tonic Recipe, blend in a mixer or mincer whole leaves to make 300g,
add 500g of natural honey and 750ml of red wine. Put the mixture in a dark bottle and
keep in refrigerator. The daily dose is 50ml of the mixture half an hour before

breakfast, lunch and the evening meal. Gel from the candelabra leaf has been found to
give relief when applied topically for shingles, arthritis and inflammation. Martin, a
local retiree recently shared with me that he had severe arthritic pain in his wrists and
knees, but after applying poultices of candelabra, the pain was completely relieved.
He has been sharing his experiences of candelabra with everyone he meets with
painful arthritis. Aloe vera is a valuable plant with many healing benefits. Never
underestimate the power of aloe.

Bay Laurel Oil

Common Name

- Bay Laurel Essential Oil

Botanical Name

- Laurus nobilus

Country of Origin

- Morocco

Parts Used

- Leaves

Extraction

- Steam Distillation

Technical Data

- Bay Laurel Oil CofA

Bay Laurel Essential Oil Profile General - Bay laurel is native to the Mediterranean
region, the evergreen tree growing to 20 meters high with dark green, glossy leaves
and black berries is often cultivated as an ornamental shrub. It is little used
internally these day, due to its narcotic properties. The Greek word for laurel is
dhafni, named for the myth of the nymph Daphne, who was changed into a laurel
tree by Gaea, who transformed her to avoid Apollos attempted rape. Apollo made
the tree sacred and thus it became a symbol of honor. Triumphant athletes of
ancient Greece were awarded laurel garlands and was given to winners at Olympic
games since 776 BC. Today, grand-prix winners are bedecked with laurel wreaths. It
was also believed that the laurel provided safety from the deities responsible for
thunder and lightning. The Emperor Tiberius always wore a laurel wreath during
thunderstorms.
Bay Oil Uses - Bay laurel essential oil, Laurus nobilus, is steam distilled from the
leaves and branchlets, and small amounts from the berries. Traditionally, it was

used to treat hysteria, indigestion, colic, and to promote menstruation and for
fever. Used as a fragrance component in detergents, cosmetics, toiletries, and
perfumes, especially aftershaves. A fixed oil of bay, expressed from the berries is
still used for sprains, bruises, earaches. etc. Extensively used in processed food,
alcoholic and soft drinks.
Bay essential oil, Laurus nobilus, blends well with following Essential oils: clary
sage, juniperberry, rosemary, cypress, lavender, pine, and other citrus and spice
oils.
Bay Oil Cautions - Use in moderation, can be a narcotic. Do not use if pregnant,
dilute before use, can cause dermatitis. Relatively non-toxic and non-irritant.
-dilute before use.
Bay Oil Properties - Antirheumatic, antiseptic, bactericidal, diaphoretic, digestive,
diuretic, emmenagogue, fungicidal, hypotensive, sedative, stomachic.

All of our essential oils are 100% pure and natural essential oils, of
therapeutic grade and free from any chemicals or pesticides.
Although all of our products are of premium quality, our essential oils are
not certified organic essential oils.
Bay Laurel Leaf Pure Therapeutic Grade Essential oils and aromatherapy products
can also be used in soap making ingredients, lotions, massage oils, diffusers,
potpourri, scent, air fresheners, body fragrance, perfume oils, aromatherapy
products, bath oils, towel scenting, spa's, incense, light rings, laundry, facial steams,
hair treatments, and more.

Nettle (Urtica dioica)

Nettle has been used for centuries to treat allergy symptoms,

particularly hayfever which is the most common allergy problem. It
contains biologically active compounds that reduce inflammation.
Dr. Andrew Wiel M.D. author of Natural Health/ Natural Medicine
says he knows of nothing more effective than nettle for allergy
relief. And his statement is backed up by studies at the National
College of Naturopathic Medicine in Portland, Oregon.
Decongestants, antihistamines, allergy shots and even prescription
medications such as Allegra and Claritin treat only the symptoms
of allergies and tend to lose effectiveness over a period of time.
They can also cause drowsiness, dry sinuses, insomnia and high
blood pressure. Nettle has none of these side effects. It can be
used on a regular basis and has an impressive number of other
benefits most notably as a treatment for prostate enlargement.

Latin Names: Uritca dioica, Urtica

galeopsifolia
Common Names: Nettle, Big
String Nettle, Common Nettle,
Stinging Nettle, Gerrais, Isirgan,
Kazink, Nabat Al Nar, Ortiga,
Grande Ortie, Ortie, Urtiga,
Chichicaste, Brennessel, Gross
d?Ortie, Racine d?Ortie, Grote
Brandnetel, Ortiga Mayor, Devils
Leaf
Properties:
Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiallergenic, anti-anaphylactic,antirheumatic, anti-asthmatic, anticonvulsant, anti-dandruff, antihistamine, astringent,
decongestant, depurative, diuretic,
haemostatic, hypoglycaemic,
hypotensive, galactagogue,
immunomodulator, prostate tonic,
stimulating tonic
Indicated for:
Seasonal allergies, arthritis,
bronchitis, bursitis, gingivitis,
laryngitis, prostatitis, rhinitis,
sinusitis, tendinitis, BPH,
rheumatism and other
inflammatory conditions. High
blood pressure, hair loss, anaemia,
excessive menstruation,
haemorrhoids, eczema, gout,
sciatica, neuralgia, haemorrhoids.
Alzheimer's disease, asthma,
bladder infections, hives, kidney
stones, multiple sclerosis, PMS,
prostate enlargement and sciatica

Nettle has been studied extensively and has shown promise in treating Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, asthma,
bladder infections, bronchitis, bursitis, gingivitis, gout, hives, kidney stones, laryngitis, multiple sclerosis, PMS,
prostate enlargement, sciatica, and tendinitis! Externally it has been used to improve the appearance of the
hair, and is said to be a remedy against oily hair and dandruff.
In Germany today stinging nettle is sold as an herbal drug for prostate diseases and as a diuretic. It is a
common ingredient in other herbal drugs produced in Germany for rheumatic complaints and inflammatory
conditions (especially for the lower urinary tract and prostate). In the United States many remarkable healing
properties are attributed to nettle and the leaf is utilized for different problems than the root. The leaf is used
here as a diuretic, for arthritis, prostatitis, rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, high blood pressure and allergic
rhinitis.
The root is recommended as a diuretic, for relief of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and other prostate
problems, and as a natural remedy to treat or prevent baldness
An infusion of the plant is very valuable in stemming internal bleeding. It is also used to treat anaemia,
excessive menstruation, haemorrhoids, arthritis, rheumatism and skin complaints, especially eczema.
Externally, the plant is used to treat skin complaints, arthritic pain, gout, sciatica, neuralgia, haemorrhoids and
hair problems.
Taken orally, products made from nettle's aerial parts may interfere with the body's production of
prostaglandins and other inflammation-causing chemicals. Consequently, nettle may have an antiinflammatory effect. It may also enhance responses of the immune system. Chemicals in nettle's aerial parts
are also thought to reduce the feeling of pain or interfere with the way that nerves send pain signals. All of
these effects may reduce the pain and stiffness of arthritis and other similar conditions.
In addition, nettle's aerial parts may reduce the amount of histamine that is produced by the body in response
to an allergen. An allergen is a substance such as pollen that may provoke an exaggerated immune response
in individuals who are sensitive to it. Through this potential action, the aerial parts of nettle may help to
reduce allergy symptoms. Results from one human study are promising, but more research is needed to be
conclusive.
A solution of the extract may be applied to the skin to relieve joint pain and muscle aches. Astringent
properties of nettle aerial parts may also help to lessen the swelling of hemorrhoids and stop bleeding from
minor skin injuries such as razor nicks. An astringent shrinks and tightens the top layers of skin or mucous
membranes, thereby reducing secretions, relieving irritation, and improving tissue firmness. It may also be
used topically for dandruff and overly oily hair and scalp.
This herb should be used for a minimum of 30 days for full effects. Our Nettle is organically grown and
cryogenically ground (minus 70 degrees) to preserve potency.
Notes:
Nettle may lower blood pressure and heart rate. Avoid chronic use due to its diuretic effects. Do not take if
pregnant or breast-feeding. Do not take if diabetic.