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    Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (Part 2)

    Uploaded by

    vijaydev75
    This document provides several important electrical thumb rules and equations for engineers to follow: - Formulas are given for calculating RMS and peak values of sinusoidal current based on maximum value. Equations also relate AC and DC current. - Formulas calculate short circuit current level of cables and maximum cross-sectional area of earthing strips based on factors like diameter, fault current, and material. - Equations determine most economical voltage given distance, cable voltage drop percentage based on resistance, current and length, and spacing of conductors in transmission lines. - Guidelines provide for sizing lightning arrestors based on equipment height and distance, and calculating maximum system voltage. - Factors like load,

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    Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (Part 2)

    Uploaded by

    vijaydev75
    120 views2 pages
    This document provides several important electrical thumb rules and equations for engineers to follow: - Formulas are given for calculating RMS and peak values of sinusoidal current based on maximum value. Equations also relate AC and DC current. - Formulas calculate short circuit current level of cables and maximum cross-sectional area of earthing strips based on factors like diameter, fault current, and material. - Equations determine most economical voltage given distance, cable voltage drop percentage based on resistance, current and length, and spacing of conductors in transmission lines. - Guidelines provide for sizing lightning arrestors based on equipment height and distance, and calculating maximum system voltage. - Factors like load,

    Original Description:

    Thumb Rule Part 2

    Original Title

    Electrical-Engineering

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    This document provides several important electrical thumb rules and equations for engineers to follow: - Formulas are given for calculating RMS and peak values of sinusoidal current based on maximum value. Equations also relate AC and DC current. - Formulas calculate short circuit current level of cables and maximum cross-sectional area of earthing strips based on factors like diameter, fault current, and material. - Equations determine most economical voltage given distance, cable voltage drop percentage based on resistance, current and length, and spacing of conductors in transmission lines. - Guidelines provide for sizing lightning arrestors based on equipment height and distance, and calculating maximum system voltage. - Factors like load,

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    120 views2 pages

    Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (Part 2)

    Uploaded by

    vijaydev75
    This document provides several important electrical thumb rules and equations for engineers to follow: - Formulas are given for calculating RMS and peak values of sinusoidal current based on maximum value. Equations also relate AC and DC current. - Formulas calculate short circuit current level of cables and maximum cross-sectional area of earthing strips based on factors like diameter, fault current, and material. - Equations determine most economical voltage given distance, cable voltage drop percentage based on resistance, current and length, and spacing of conductors in transmission lines. - Guidelines provide for sizing lightning arrestors based on equipment height and distance, and calculating maximum system voltage. - Factors like load,

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/electrical-thumb-rules-you-must-follow-part-2

    Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (Part 2)

    Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow // PART 2 (on photo: Osprey Lunch Among The Electrical Wires! by Kathleen Jackson via Flickr)

    Continued from first part: Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (Part 1)

    Useful Electrical Equations


    For Sinusoidal Current: Form Factor = RMS Value/Average Value = 1.11
    For Sinusoidal Current: Peak Factor = Max Value/RMS Value = 1.414
    Average Value of Sinusoidal Current (I av) = 0.637 x Im (Im = Max.Value)
    RMS Value of Sinusoidal Current (I rms) = 0.707 x Im (Im = Max.Value)
    A.C Current = D.C Current/0.636.
    Phase Difference between Phase = 360/ No of Phase (1 Phase=230/1=360, 2 Phase=360/2=180)
    Short Circuit Level of Cable in KA (I sc) =
    (0.094 x Cable Dia in Sq.mm) / Short Circuit Time (Sec)
    Max.Cross Section Area of Earthing Strip (mm2) = (Fault Current x Fault Current x Operating Time of
    Disconnected Device ) / K
    K = Material Factor, K for Cu = 159, K for Al = 105, K for steel = 58 , K for GI = 80
    Most Economical Voltage at given Distance = 5.5 x ((km/1.6) + (kw/100))

    Cable Voltage Drop (%) =


    (1.732 x current x (Rcos+jsin) x 1.732 x Length (km) x 100) / (Volt(L-L) x Cable Run.
    Spacing of Conductor in Transmission Line (mm) = 500 + 18 x (P P Volt) + (2 x (Span in Length)/50).
    Protection radius of Lighnting Arrestor = h x (2D-h) + (2D+L).
    Where h= height of L.A, D-distance of equipment (20, 40, 60 Meter), L=V x t (V=1m/ms, t=Discharge
    Time).
    Size of Lightning Arrestor = 1.5x Phase to Earth Voltage or 1.5 x (System Voltage/1.732).
    Maximum Voltage of the System = 1.1xRated Voltage (Ex. 66KV = 1.1 66 = 72.6KV)
    Load Factor = Average Power/Peak Power
    If Load Factor is 1 or 100% = This is best situation for System and Consumer both.
    If Load Factor is Low (0 or 25%) = you are paying maximum amount of KWH consumption. Load Factor
    may be increased by switching or use of your Electrical Application.
    Demand Factor = Maximum Demand / Total Connected Load (Demand Factor <1)
    Demand factor should be applied for Group Load
    Diversity Factor =
    Sum of Maximum Power Demand / Maximum Demand (Demand Factor >1)
    Diversity factor should be consider for individual Load
    Plant Factor (Plant Capacity) = Average Load / Capacity of Plant
    Fusing Factor = Minimum Fusing Current / Current Rating (Fusing Factor>1).
    Voltage Variation (1 to 1.5%) = ((Average Voltage Min Voltage) x 100)/Average Voltage
    Ex: 462V, 463V, 455V, Voltage Variation= ((460 455) x 100)/455 = 1.1%.
    Current Variation (10%) = ((Average Current Min Current) x 100)/Average Current
    Ex: 30A,35A,30A, Current Variation = ((35-31.7) x 100)/31.7 = 10.4%
    Fault Level at TC Secondary
    = TC (VA) x 100 / Transformer Secondary (V) x Impedance (%)
    Motor Full Load Current = Kw /1.732 x KV x P.F x Efficiency

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