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Designation: A 414/A 414M 00
Standard Specification for
Steel, Sheet, Carbon, for Pressure Vessels1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 414/A 414M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: A 568/A 568M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for3 A 635/A 635M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Heavy-Thickness Coils, Carbon, Hot Rolled3
1. Scope 1.1 This specification2 covers hot-rolled carbon steel sheet for pressure vessels involving fusion welding or brazing. Welding and brazing technique is of fundamental importance and shall be in accordance with commercial practices. 1.2 The following grades are included in this specification: Mechanical Requirements Grade
Yield Strength, min
ksi MPa
Tensile Strength, min
ksi MPa
A B C D E F G
25 30 33 35 38 42 45
45 50 55 60 65 70 75
170 205 230 240 260 290 310
3. Ordering Information 3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include the following information, as required, to describe the material adequately: 3.1.1 Designation or specification number, date of issue, and grade, 3.1.2 Copper bearing steel, when required, 3.1.3 Special requirements, if required, 3.1.4 Conditionpickled (or blast cleaned), if required. (Material so ordered will be oiled unless ordered dry.), and 3.1.5 Dimensions, including type of edges. 3.1.5.1 As agreed upon between the purchaser and the producer, material ordered to this specification will be supplied to meet the appropriate standard or restricted thickness tolerance table shown in Specification A 568/A 568M.
310 345 380 415 450 485 515
1.3 Hot-rolled carbon steel sheet is generally furnished in
cut lengths and to decimal thickness only. Coils may be furnished provided tension test specimens are taken to represent the middle of the slab as required by 5.1.4. The purchaser should recognize this requires cutting the coils to obtain test samples and results in half-size coils. The sheet is furnished to the following size limits:
NOTE 1Not all producers are capable of meeting all of the limitations of the thickness tolerance tables in Specification A 568/A 568M. The purchaser should contact the producer regarding possible limitations prior to placing an order.
Width, in. [mm]
Thickness, in [mm]
Over 12 to 48 [Over 300 to 1200]
Over 48 [Over 1200]
3.1.6 Cast or heat analysis, or test report request, or both, if
required.
sheet (coils only) sheet (coils only)
0.270 to 0.230 [7.0 to 6.0]A 0.230 to 0.180 [6.0 to 4.5] sheet sheet (coils only) Under 0.180 to 0.057 [under 4.5 to 1.5] sheet sheet A For thicknesses greater than 0.230 in. [6.0 mm], the thickness tolerances of Specification A 635/A 635M apply.
NOTE 2A typical ordering description is as follows: ASTM A 414,
Grade A, Hot-Rolled Sheet, 0.100 in. [2.54 mm] by 36 in. [914.4 mm] by 96 in. [2438 mm], cut edges.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
4. Chemical Requirements 4.1 Cast or Heat AnalysisThe analysis of the steel shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1. 4.1.1 Unspecified elements may be present. Limits on elements shall be as stated in Table 2. 4.1.1.1 Each of the elements listed in Table 2 shall be included in the report of the heat analysis. When the amount of an element present is less than 0.02 %, the analysis may be reported as <0.02 %. 4.2 Product, Check, or Verification AnalysisAnalyses
1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.19 on Sheet Steel and Strip. Current edition approved March 10, 2000. Published May 2000. Originally published as A 414 71. Last previous edition A 414/A 414M 98. 2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-414 in Section 11 of that Code.
Copyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
A 414/A 414M TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements Composition Weight % Heat Analysis Element Grade A
Grade B
Grade C
Grade D
Grade E
Grade F
Grade G
0.15 0.90 0.035 0.035 0.02 ... 0.20
0.22 0.90 0.035 0.035 0.02 ... 0.20
0.25 0.90 0.035 0.035 0.02 ... 0.20
0.25 1.20 0.035 0.035 0.02 .. 0.20
0.27 1.20 0.035 0.035 0.02 ... 0.20
0.31 1.20 0.035 0.035 0.02 ... 0.20
0.31 1.35 0.035 0.035 0.02 .. 0.20
Carbon, max Manganese, max Phosphorus, max Sulfur, max Aluminum, minA SiliconA,B Copper, when copper steel is specified, min A B
Where an ellipsis (...) appears in this table, there is no requirement, but the analysis shall be reported. When silicon or aluminum-silicon killed steel is specified, a range of 0.15 to 0.30 shall apply to the silicon and the minimum aluminum content does not apply.
TABLE 2 Limits on Unspecified Elements (See 4.1.1)
Copper, max %A Nickel, max %A Chromium, max %AB Molybdenum, max %AB Vanadium, max %C Columbium, max %C
A The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 % on heat analysis. When one or more of these elements are specified, the sum does not apply; in which case, only the individual limits on the remaining unspecified elements will apply. B The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 % on heat analysis. When one or more of these elements are specified, the sum does not apply; in which case, only the individual limits on the remaining unspecified elements will apply. C By agreement, the heat analysis limits for vanadium or columbium, or both, may be increased up to 0.10 % and 0.05 %, respectively.
FIG. 1
Location of Test Specimens
5.1.3.1 Tensile test specimens shall be taken at locations
representing the middle and back end of each slab as rolled. 5.1.3.2 Tensile test samples shall be taken from the full thickness of the sheet as rolled. 5.1.3.3 Tensile test specimens shall be taken from a location approximately halfway between the center of the sheet and the edge of the material as-rolled. 5.1.3.4 Tensile test specimens shall be taken with the axis of the test specimen perpendicular to the rolling direction (transverse test). 5.1.4 Test MethodYield strength shall be determined by either the 0.2 % offset method or by the 0.5 % extension under load method, unless otherwise specified.
may be made by the purchaser from finished material representing each heat. 4.3 DeoxidationFor all grades, killed steel is required. See Table 1 and footnotes A and B. 5. Mechanical Property Requirements 5.1 Tensile Strength: 5.1.1 RequirementsMaterial as represented by the test specimen shall conform to the tensile requirements specified in Table 3. 5.1.2 Number of TestsTwo tensile tests shall be made from the product of each slab as rolled. 5.1.3 Location and Orientation (see Fig. 1):
TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements
Tensile strength: min, ksi [MPa] max, ksi [MPa] Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa]A Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm], min, percent: Under 0.230 to 0.145 [Under 6.0 to 3.8] Under 0.145 to 0.089 [Under 3.8 to 2.2] Under 0.089 to 0.057 [Under 2.2 to 1.5] Elongation in 8 in. [200 mm], min, percent: Under 0.230 to 0.145 [Under 6.0 to 3.8] A
Grade A
Grade B
Grade C
Grade D
Grade E
Grade F
Grade G
45 [310] 60 [415] 25 [170]
50 [345] 65 [450] 30 [205]
55 [380] 70 [485] 33 [230]
60 [415] 75 [515] 35 [240]
65 [450] 85 [585] 38 [260]
70 [485] 90 [620] 42 [290]
75 [515] 95 [655] 45 [310]
26 24 23
24 22 21
22 20 19
20 18 17
18 16 15
16 14 13
16 14 13
20
18
16
14
12
10
10
Yield strength determined by the 0.2 % offset or 0.5 % extension under load methods.
A 414/A 414M 9. Certification and Reports
6. General Requirements for Delivery
6.1 Material furnished under this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specification A 568/A 568M unless otherwise provided herein.
9.1 The manufacturer shall furnish copies of a test report
showing the results of the heat analysis and mechanical property tests made to determine compliance with this specification. The report shall include the purchase order number, specification number, and test identification number correlating the test results with material represented.
7. Workmanship 7.1 The material shall be free from injurious defects (see Specifications A 568/A 568M or A 635/A 635M, as appropriate due to thickness).
10. Product Marking
10.1 The name or brand of the manufacturer, heat and slab number, specification designation number, and grade shall be legibly and durably marked on each cut length sheet in two places not less than 12 in. [300 mm] from the edges. Cut length sheets, the maximum lengthwise and crosswise, dimensions of which do not exceed 72 in. [1800 mm], shall be legibly and durably marked in one place approximately midway between the center and a side edge. The manufacturers test identification number shall be legibly and durably marked on each test specimen. Steel-die marking of sheets is prohibited. 10.2 For coil product, the information required in 10.1 shall be legibly and durably marked both on each coil and on a tag affixed to each coil.
8. Finish and Appearance
8.1 Surface Finish: 8.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the material shall be furnished without removing the hot-rolled oxide or scale. 8.1.2 When required, the material may be specified to be pickled or blast cleaned. 8.2 Oiling: 8.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, the material shall be furnished not oiled. 8.2.2 When specified to be pickled or blast cleaned, the material shall be furnished oiled. When required, pickled or blast-cleaned material may be specified to be furnished dry. 8.3 EdgesUnless otherwise specified, mill edges shall be furnished on material which has not had the hot-rolled oxide or scale removed and cut edges shall be furnished on material which has had the hot-rolled oxide or scale removed.
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