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    Enzymes

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    api-290318217
    This presentation discusses enzymes and enzymology. It defines enzymes as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy without being consumed in the reaction. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in living organisms. They were first discovered in yeast in 1879 and given the name "enzymes." Enzymes have specific active sites where substrates bind and are catalyzed into products. They also often require cofactors like inorganic ions or coenzymes to function properly. The induced fit model best explains how enzymes are flexible structures that change shape upon substrate binding to perform reactions effectively. Enzymes are vitally important in biological processes and diagnosing diseases.

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    Enzymes

    Uploaded by

    api-290318217
    3K views13 pages
    This presentation discusses enzymes and enzymology. It defines enzymes as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy without being consumed in the reaction. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in living organisms. They were first discovered in yeast in 1879 and given the name "enzymes." Enzymes have specific active sites where substrates bind and are catalyzed into products. They also often require cofactors like inorganic ions or coenzymes to function properly. The induced fit model best explains how enzymes are flexible structures that change shape upon substrate binding to perform reactions effectively. Enzymes are vitally important in biological processes and diagnosing diseases.

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    enzymes

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    This presentation discusses enzymes and enzymology. It defines enzymes as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy without being consumed in the reaction. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in living organisms. They were first discovered in yeast in 1879 and given the name "enzymes." Enzymes have specific active sites where substrates bind and are catalyzed into products. They also often require cofactors like inorganic ions or coenzymes to function properly. The induced fit model best explains how enzymes are flexible structures that change shape upon substrate binding to perform reactions effectively. Enzymes are vitally important in biological processes and diagnosing diseases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    3K views13 pages

    Enzymes

    Uploaded by

    api-290318217
    This presentation discusses enzymes and enzymology. It defines enzymes as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy without being consumed in the reaction. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in living organisms. They were first discovered in yeast in 1879 and given the name "enzymes." Enzymes have specific active sites where substrates bind and are catalyzed into products. They also often require cofactors like inorganic ions or coenzymes to function properly. The induced fit model best explains how enzymes are flexible structures that change shape upon substrate binding to perform reactions effectively. Enzymes are vitally important in biological processes and diagnosing diseases.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    09/04/15

    PRESENTATION ON

    ENZYME

    PRESENTATED BY:
    Gul Ahad
    09/04/15

    What is Enzymology?
    The study of enzymes is known as enzymology.

    What is Enzymes?
    Enzymes are micro molecular biological catalysts that speed up reaction
    without them selves being consumed in reactions.

    OR

    09/04/15

    Enzyme is defined as biological catalysts which speed up the chemical


    reactions by lowering activation energy without undergoing any permanent
    change.

    Discovery of Enzymes.
    The word enzyme means in yeast
    because it was first discover in yeast,
    in 1879 the word enzymes was
    suggested for a substance that speed
    up reactions.
    Payen & Persoz discovered 1st
    enzyme in partially purified form called
    diastase.

    09/04/15

    Characteristics of Enzymes
    Enzymes are protein in nature.
    All Enzymes are three dimensional globular
    proteins.
    They are formed inside a living cell.
    Being protein they are enclosed in DNA.
    Enzymes are biological catalyst (organic
    catalyst).
    They are required in small quantity.
    Reaction catalyzed by enzymes are reversible.
    Enzymes can be isolated or crystalized. In crystal
    form enzymes are fairly pure.

    09/04/15

    Classification of Enzymes
    The comission on enzymes,appointed by
    international union of biochemistry
    classified enzymes into six main types:
    Oxidoreducteases
    Transferases
    Hydrolases
    Lyases
    Isomerases
    ligases

    09/04/15

    Structure of a single enzyme


    It has a three dimensional globular structure.

    09/04/15

    Active site of Enzyme


    Part of enzyme where substrate binds to catalyze a reaction is
    known as active site.it is the charge bearing site of an
    enzyme..
    It has two regions:
    1.BINDING SITE
    2.CATALYTIC SITE

    BINDING SITE:
    IT helps enzymes in recognizing the proper substrate for
    binding.

    CATALYTIC SITE:
    It catalyse the specific reaction and converts the substrate into
    product

    09/04/15

    ENZYMES CO_FACTOR
    The non protein part of Enzymes
    which is essential for its activities is
    known as co_factor.

    There are three types of co_factor.


    1. Inorganic ions
    2. Prosthetic group
    3. Coenzymes

    09/04/15

    1. Inorganic ions:
    the co-factors which are organic ions they are also known as
    activators.

    2. Prosthetic group:
    Tightly bounded cofactor which can not be detached and is
    permanently bonded with enzyme.

    3. Coenzymes:
    a non protein organic molecule which acts as cofactor called
    coenzyme. They are not bound with enzymes or they are
    loosely attached to the protein part.

    09/04/15

    10

    Mode of Action of Enzymes


    To explain the mechanism of action of enzymes there are
    two hypothesis
    1.Lock in key model
    2.Induced fit model

    Lock and key hypothesis

    According to this hypothesis every specific enzyme


    has a specific substrate enzymes are not flexible
    they cant change there shape but this hypothesis
    didnt worked on all the enzymes.

    Induced fit model


    Induced fit model was proposed by koshland in 1959,
    according to this model enzymes and active site are
    flexible structure which can be modified as the substrate
    binds enzymes. Due to this modification enzymes
    performs there functions very effectively.
    09/04/15

    11

    Importance of Enzymes
    Enzymes has great biological importance
    and helps in diagnosis of certain diseases.
    LDH_1 is raised in heart disease.
    Many enzymes have proved very usefull
    drugs.
    L-asperginase has proved very useful in
    treatment of blood cancer in children.

    09/04/15

    12

    09/04/15

    13

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