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    Endocrine System

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    api-290318217
    The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones to regulate various bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The major glands include the thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, hypothalamus, and pituitary. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces thyroxine and triiodothyronine which regulate growth and metabolism. The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon which regulate blood sugar levels. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland work together to produce hormones that control other endocrine glands.

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    Endocrine System

    Uploaded by

    api-290318217
    3K views24 pages
    The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones to regulate various bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The major glands include the thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, hypothalamus, and pituitary. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces thyroxine and triiodothyronine which regulate growth and metabolism. The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon which regulate blood sugar levels. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland work together to produce hormones that control other endocrine glands.

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    endocrine system

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    The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones to regulate various bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The major glands include the thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, hypothalamus, and pituitary. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces thyroxine and triiodothyronine which regulate growth and metabolism. The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon which regulate blood sugar levels. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland work together to produce hormones that control other endocrine glands.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    3K views24 pages

    Endocrine System

    Uploaded by

    api-290318217
    The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones to regulate various bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The major glands include the thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, hypothalamus, and pituitary. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces thyroxine and triiodothyronine which regulate growth and metabolism. The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon which regulate blood sugar levels. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland work together to produce hormones that control other endocrine glands.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Endocrine system

    Cell
    Tissue
    Organism

    Organ

    System

    Internal control of the body


    Nervous

    System
    Endocrine System

    Endocrine System:
    is a
    collection of glands that
    produce/secrete hormones that
    regulate metabolism, growth,
    development, reproduction etc.

    Chemical co-ordination
    Exocrine system
    Endocrine system
    20 glands (endocrine system)
    Endocrinology
    Hormones
    Feedback mechanism

    Thyroid Gland
    In the neck(below the
    larynx)
    Two lobes and isthmus

    SECRETION:

    Thyroxin
    Tri- iodo thyronin
    Calcitonin

    Thyroxin

    Rapid growth, sexual reproduction

    and stress
    somatotropin + thyroid

    Brain cell
    differentiation
    metamorphism

    Hypothyroidism

    cretinism:

    Retardation
    Dry skin
    Puffy eye lids
    Scanty brittle hair
    S.S.C failure

    Goiter:

    Iodine deficiency

    Myxedema:

    Weight gain
    Loss of hair
    Slow pulse rate
    Lethargy
    Low body temperature
    Skin and hand puffy

    Hypothyroidism

    Hyperthyroidism
    Graves disease:
    Cause: TSH
    Nervousness
    High heart rate and B.P
    Weight loss
    High O2 consumption
    Bulging eyes
    Cardiac failure
    Treatment:Drugs
    Surgery

    Calcitonin

    Controls calcium level in blood


    Deficiency or efficiency of calcitonin leads
    effects on nerve, skeleton, muscles etc

    Parathyroid

    On thyroid (in pair)


    SECRETION:
    Parathormone

    controls blood calcium level

    parathormone
    Deficiency

    Muscular Tetany
    Fatal

    Efficiency

    Bones weakening
    (rickets)
    Kidney stone
    Fatal

    Pancreas
    (Islets of langerhans)

    stimulation from STH and


    ACTH
    Regulate blood glucose
    level

    SECRETION:
    Insulin (beta cells)
    Glucagon (alpha cells)

    Insulin

    Glucose Glycogen
    Glucose Cells
    Glucose consumption
    Glucose Protein/lipids
    Glucose production

    Insulin
    Deficiency
    Diabetes mellitus
    Conc. Urine
    Abnormal thirst
    Weakness
    Fatigue

    Efficiency

    Hypoglycemia
    Dilute urine
    Reduced muscle and
    impulse functioning

    Glucagon

    Tumor in the alpha cell

    Hypothalamus

    Part of forebrain
    Thirst center
    Posterior pituitary

    (oxytocin and
    vasopressin)
    Anterior pituitary (tropic
    hormones)

    Pituitary gland
    (hypophysis cerebri)

    Base of brain
    Connected to brain
    Infundibulum

    Anterior pituitary
    1.Somatotropin (GH)

    .Hypothalamus
    .SRF
    .Anterior pituitary
    .STH
    .Liver
    .Somatomedins
    .Efficiency
    Gigantism
    Acromegaly

    Deficiency

    Dwarfism

    2.Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

    HPT axis
    Hypothalamus
    TRF
    Anterior pituitary
    TSH
    Thyroid gland
    Thyroxin
    Tri-iodothyronin
    Calcitonin

    3.Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

    HPA axis
    Hypothalamus
    CRH
    Anterior pituitary
    ACTH
    Adrenal cortex
    Cortisol / stress hormone (glucocorticoid and
    mineralocorticoid)
    Released under influence of stress conditions
    Cotisol deficiency
    Addisons disease
    Cortisol efficiency
    Cushing s disease

    Gonadotrophic hormones
    4.Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
    5.Leuteinising hormone (LH/ICSH)
    .HPG axis
    .Hypothalamus
    .GnRH
    .Anterior pituitary
    .FSH (estrogen secretion/sperm)
    .LH (progesterone secretion)
    ICSH (testosterone)
    6.Prolactin (LTH)
    .Stimulates milk production
    .PIH (Dopamine)

    Median pituitary
    1.Melanophore stimulating hormone
    (MSH)

    . Sunlight
    . MSH
    . Melanocytes
    . Melanin
    . Causes darkening of skin and hair
    . More production during pregnancy and Addison's
    disease
    . Protection from UV rays of sun

    Posterior pituitary
    1.Antidiuretic (ADH) or vasopressin

    .Causes water reabsorption


    (actively)

    .Deficiency
    Diabetes insipidus
    Dilute urine
    Great thirst

    in collecting duct

    2.Oxytocin
    Acts on smooth muscles
    Causes contraction of uterus during birth
    And ejection of milk from mammary glands
    Artificially used to induce labor
    Stimulation (positive feedback)

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