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    Animals Rely On Two Systems For Regulation:: Nervous System Is A System of Nerve Cells Called Neurons. It

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    陳品汎
    The document summarizes two systems that regulate processes in the animal body: The nervous system uses neurons and the central and peripheral nervous systems to provide fast, short-term responses. The endocrine system uses hormone-secreting glands and hormones transported via blood to provide slower, longer-term responses. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland link the nervous system to other glands and metabolic functions.

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    Animals Rely On Two Systems For Regulation:: Nervous System Is A System of Nerve Cells Called Neurons. It

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    陳品汎
    41 views24 pages
    The document summarizes two systems that regulate processes in the animal body: The nervous system uses neurons and the central and peripheral nervous systems to provide fast, short-term responses. The endocrine system uses hormone-secreting glands and hormones transported via blood to provide slower, longer-term responses. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland link the nervous system to other glands and metabolic functions.

    Original Description:

    Endocrine diorders

    Original Title

    1398157194.11548. Disorders of Endocrine System

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    The document summarizes two systems that regulate processes in the animal body: The nervous system uses neurons and the central and peripheral nervous systems to provide fast, short-term responses. The endocrine system uses hormone-secreting glands and hormones transported via blood to provide slower, longer-term responses. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland link the nervous system to other glands and metabolic functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    41 views24 pages

    Animals Rely On Two Systems For Regulation:: Nervous System Is A System of Nerve Cells Called Neurons. It

    Uploaded by

    陳品汎
    The document summarizes two systems that regulate processes in the animal body: The nervous system uses neurons and the central and peripheral nervous systems to provide fast, short-term responses. The endocrine system uses hormone-secreting glands and hormones transported via blood to provide slower, longer-term responses. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland link the nervous system to other glands and metabolic functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Animals rely on two systems for regulation:

    Nervous System is a system of nerve cells called neurons. It


    consists of a central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
    and peripheral nerves. Typical responses are fast and short
    lasting.
    Endocrine System is a system of ductless glands that secrete
    hormone into the blood. Hormones travel to target tissues.
    Typical responses are slow and long lasting.

    Regents Biology

    Progesterone

    Estradiol

    2003-2004

    Human Endocrine
    Glands
    Ductless glands
    transport hormones in
    the blood
    Duct glands are
    exocrine glands that
    use tubes to carry the
    secretion
    (salivary, tears)

    Regents Biology

    2003-2004

    Pituitary gland and Hypothalamus serve to link the nervous


    system other glands and metabolic functions.

    Regents Biology

    2003-2004

    Mechanisms
    of hormone
    release

    (a) Humoral: in response to changing


    levels of ions or nutrients in the blood
    (b) Neural: stimulation by nerves
    (c) Hormonal: stimulation received from
    other hormones

    Learn the 3 endocrine organs on this slide:


    Hypothalamus
    Pituitary (hyophysis)
    Pineal

    Hypothalamus__
    Anterior pituitary__
    (adenohypophysis)

    _____________Posterior pituitary
    (neurohypophysis)

    Hypothalamus___________
    Pituitary__________
    (hypophysis)

    Regents Biology

    2003-2004

    Regents Biology

    2003-2004

    Thyroid and Parathyroid help regulate calcium metabolism

    Feedback!

    Regents Biology

    2003-2004

    Pancreas helps regulate blood glucose

    feedback

    Insulin from Beta cells reduce blood sugar


    Glucagon
    Regents
    Biologyfrom Alpha cells increase blood sugar

    2003-2004

    Female sex traits


    include the
    menstrual cycle and
    the changes seen
    during puberty

    feedback

    LH and FSH from


    the pituitary
    Estrogen and
    progesterone from
    the ovary

    Regents Biology

    2003-2004

    Identify the Glands

    Regents Biology

    2003-2004

    Disorders of the
    Endocrine System
    Acromegaly
    An enlargement of the bones of the hands,
    feet, and jaws

    Addison's disease
    Caused by hyposecretion of the hormones
    produced by the cortex of the adrenal gland

    Cretinism
    Condition resulting from a congenital
    deficiency of thyroid secretion or
    hypothyroidism

    Disorders of the Endocrine


    System (continued)
    Cushings syndrome
    Disorder that causes hyperactivity of the
    adrenal glands, which is triggered by the
    oversecretion of the pituitary hormone ACTH

    Diabetes insipidus
    From an acquired or inherited decrease in the
    antidiuretic hormone secreted by the pituitary

    Diabetes mellitus
    A disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein
    metabolism resulting from insufficient insulin
    production by the pancreas

    Disorders of the Endocrine


    System (continued)
    Dwarfism
    Results from hyposecretion of the growth
    hormone of the pituitary gland, which has been
    caused by a tumor, infection, genetic factors,
    or trauma

    Gigantism
    An excessive growth of the long bones caused
    by hypersecretion of the somatotropic
    hormone

    Graves disease
    Caused by hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis

    Disorders of the Endocrine


    System (continued)
    Hyperparathyroidism
    Causes hypercalcemia, an increased
    calcium blood level

    Hypoglycemia
    Results from increased insulin production by
    the pancreas

    Hypoparathyroidism
    A decreased secretion of parathyroid
    hormone that causes tetany

    Disorders of the Endocrine


    System (continued)
    Hypothyroidism
    Also called Hashimoto's disease, results from an
    insufficient production of thyroxine

    Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic


    hormone (SIAD)
    Involves water intoxication and the dilution of
    intracellular and extracellular body tissues,
    usually resulting from lung cancer

    Virilism
    Results from increased secretion in the adrenal
    glands

    Pathology, continued
    Adrenal gland
    Cushings syndrome (see next pic)
    Usually caused by an ACTH-secreting pituitary
    tumor
    Rarely by tumor of adrenal cortex
    Iatrogenic

    Addisons disease
    Hyposecretion (under secretion) of adrenal cortex
    Usually involves cortisol and aldosterone: low
    blood glucose and sodium, severe dehydration,
    fatigue, loss of appetetie, abdominal pain
    (Jane Austin)
    17

    Thyroxin increases metabolic rate

    Overactive
    Goitre
    Hyperthyroidism
    Graves Disease

    Underactive
    Goitre
    Hypothyroidism
    Hashimotos Disease
    Myxoedema (adults)
    Cretinism (kids)

    Calcitonin Inc. Ca uptake by


    bones and dec. Ca level in blood
    Overactive
    Tetany

    Underactive
    Kidney Stones
    Osteoporosis

    Parathormone (PTH) inc. Ca level


    in blood, dec. Ca level in bone
    Overactive
    Kidney Stones
    Osteoporosis

    Underactive
    Tetany

    Insulin dec. blood sugar levels


    Overactive
    Hypoglycemia
    Hyperinsulinism
    (insulin shock)

    Underactive
    Hyperglycemia
    Diabetes

    Myxoedema

    Puffiness (swelling)
    Fatigue
    Obesity
    Dry, thickened skin
    Mental impairment
    Thin, brittle hair

    Cretinism
    Results from thyroid hormone
    insufficiency in infancy

    Protuberant abdomen
    Short Stature
    Infertility
    Neurological
    impairment
    Constant Fatigue
    Obesity

    ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
    2 Categories:
    Abnormal hormone production
    Abnormal cellular sensitivity

    ACROMEGALY:
    Over production of growth
    hormone after the epiphyseal
    plates have fused
    Bone shape changes
    Cartilaginous areas of skeleton
    enlarge
    Broad facial features
    Enlarged lower jaw
    Endocrine System. Professor KS Satyapal

    ENDOCRINE DISORDERS

    GOITER
    Enlarged thyroid gland
    Results from thyroid hormone
    hyposecretion
    Due to iodine insufficiency

    Endocrine System. Professor KS Satyapal

    Goiter: Iodine deficiency and feedback causes the thyroid to


    enlarge

    This people have a goiter, a condition


    that is easily preventable with iodized
    salt
    Results from thyroid hormone
    hyposecretion
    Regents Biology

    Due to iodine insufficiency

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