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    Optical Communications: Chapter 1: Introduction

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    Optical Communications: Chapter 1: Introduction

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    Dang Khue
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    TTQ 1-1 intro

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    Optical Communications: Chapter 1: Introduction

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    Dang Khue
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    of 17

    Optical Communications

    Chapter 1: Introduction

    Pham Quang Thai pqthai.hcmut@gmail.com

    Textbooks
    [1] G. Keiser, Optical Fiber Communications, 3rd Edition,
    McGraw-Hill, 2000
    [2] G. P. Agrawal, Fiber-Optic Communication Systems, John
    Wiley & Sons, 1992
    [3] R. Ramaswami and K. N. Sivarajan, Optical Networks A
    practical Perspective, 3rd Edition, Morgan Kaufmann
    Publishers, 2010
    [4] J. Powers, Introduction to Fiber Optic Systems, 2nd Edition,
    McGraw-Hill, 1999

    Content
    Why optical communications?
    Evolution of Optical Communication Systems
    Applications of optical communications

    Increasing Need for High-Capacity & Broadband


    Services

    Cisco Forecasts of IP Traffic in 2017 (1 exabyte = 1018 byte)

    Transport of video on
    demand, Internet video
    streams and downloads,
    and the exchange of
    video and other files
    through P2P.

    Metro traffic will


    surpass long haul
    traffic

    Optical Fibers can provide needed solutions

    Optical transmission system capacity

    Optical fiber

    Coaxial cable

    ~ 1012 Hz bandwidth

    ~ 108 Hz bandwidth

    ~ 10-6 m in diameter

    ~ 10-2 m in diameter

    ~ 10 kg/km

    ~ 1000 kg/km

    ~ 10-1 dB attenuation

    ~ 10 dB attenuation

    No EMI and crosstalk

    Yes

    Electrical Isolation

    No

    Security

    No

    Evolution of Optical Communication Systems

    First laser
    First optical
    waveguide

    1960s

    1970s
    Early optical
    network
    systems

    First
    generation
    SONET/SDH

    1980s

    1990s
    Second
    generation
    WDM

    Source: multi-mode
    laser, single mode laser
    Wavelength: 1310 nm
    (MML), 1550 nm (SML)

    1990s

    Wavelength: 830 nm

    1980s

    1970s

    Source: LED, Multimode laser

    Source: single mode


    laser
    Wavelength: 8-32
    wavelengths

    Fiber: multi-mode fiber

    Fiber: single-mode fiber

    Fiber: single-mode fiber

    Fiber length: ~ 10 km

    Fiber length: ~ 40 km

    Fiber length: ~ 80 km

    Use repeater

    Use repeater

    Use amplifier

    Bit rate: ~ 50 Mbps

    Bit rate: ~ 100 Mbps 1


    Gbps

    Bit rate: ~ 2,5 Gbps 2


    Tbps

    1966: Kao and Hockham use optical glass


    fibers for laser light transmission.

    1960: T. Maiman demonstrated first laser


    at Hughes Research Laboratories.

    Source: multi-mode
    laser, single mode laser
    Wavelength: 1310 nm
    (MML), 1550 nm (SML)

    1990s

    Wavelength: 830 nm

    1980s

    1970s

    Source: LED, Multimode laser

    Source: single mode


    laser
    Wavelength: 8-32
    wavelengths

    Fiber: multi-mode fiber

    Fiber: single-mode fiber

    Fiber: single-mode fiber

    Fiber length: ~ 10 km

    Fiber length: ~ 40 km

    Fiber length: ~ 80 km

    Use repeater

    Use repeater

    Use amplifier

    Bit rate: ~ 50 Mbps

    Bit rate: ~ 100 Mbps 1


    Gbps

    Bit rate: ~ 2,5 Gbps 2


    Tbps

    1970: Corning Incorporated scientists Drs. Robert


    Maurer, Donald Keck, and Peter Schultz invented the
    first low-loss optical fiber,

    10

    Source: multi-mode
    laser, single mode laser
    Wavelength: 1310 nm
    (MML), 1550 nm (SML)

    1990s

    Wavelength: 830 nm

    1980s

    1970s

    Source: LED, Multimode laser

    Source: single mode


    laser
    Wavelength: 8-32
    wavelengths

    Fiber: multi-mode fiber

    Fiber: single-mode fiber

    Fiber: single-mode fiber

    Fiber length: ~ 10 km

    Fiber length: ~ 40 km

    Fiber length: ~ 80 km

    Use repeater

    Use repeater

    Use amplifier

    Bit rate: ~ 50 Mbps

    Bit rate: ~ 100 Mbps 1


    Gbps

    Bit rate: ~ 2,5 Gbps 2


    Tbps

    1976: Bell Labs developed first


    room temperature semiconductor
    lasers.

    11

    Source: multi-mode
    laser, single mode laser
    Wavelength: 1310 nm
    (MML), 1550 nm (SML)

    1990s

    Wavelength: 830 nm

    1980s

    1970s

    Source: LED, Multimode laser

    Source: single mode


    laser
    Wavelength: 8-32
    wavelengths

    Fiber: multi-mode fiber

    Fiber: single-mode fiber

    Fiber: single-mode fiber

    Fiber length: ~ 10 km

    Fiber length: ~ 40 km

    Fiber length: ~ 80 km

    Use repeater

    Use repeater

    Use amplifier

    Bit rate: ~ 50 Mbps

    Bit rate: ~ 100 Mbps 1


    Gbps

    Bit rate: ~ 2,5 Gbps 2


    Tbps

    1987: University of Southampton


    developed Erbium doped fiber amplifier
    operating at 1550nm.

    12

    Applications: entertainment,
    commercial, military, medical

    13

    Space division multiplexing and beyond 1Tbps networking in 2014

    14

    Course content

    Optical fiber chapter 2


    Source chapter 3
    Receiver chapter 4
    Point-to-Point link chapter 5
    SONET/SDH (1st generation) chapter 6
    WDM (2nd generation) chapter 7

    Block-diagram of an Optical System


    15

    Assessment
    Percent

    Note

    Quizzes

    10%

    Online

    Simulations

    10%

    Presentations

    10%

    Randomly grade in
    class
    Group project

    Final project

    10%

    Group project

    Mid-term

    30%

    Final

    30%

    Multiple choice
    (30~45 m)
    Multiple choice
    (70~90 m)

    16

    Syllabi
    Week

    Content

    C1-Intro & C2-Fiber

    C2-Fiber

    Quiz 1

    C2-Fiber

    Sim 1

    C3-Sources

    Quiz 2

    C3-Sources

    C4-Receivers

    Test

    Deadline

    Quiz 1
    Quiz 2

    Sim 2
    Present 1

    C5-Point to point

    C5-Point to point

    Quiz 3

    10

    C6-SONET/SDH

    Sim 3 Final project

    11

    C7-WDM

    12

    C7-WDM

    Quiz 4

    13

    C7-WDM

    Sim 4

    Quiz 4

    Present 2

    Final project

    14

    Quiz 3

    17

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