Directions: Read the following passage below and answer the questions that follow on the basis of what is

stated / implied in the passage.

African American literature is literature written by, about, and sometimes specifically for African Americans.
The genre began during the 18th and 19th centuries with writers such as poet Phillis Wheatley and orator
Frederick Douglass, reached an early high II point with the Harlem Renaissance, and continues today with
authors such as Toni Morrison, Maya Angelou and Walter Mosley being ranked among the top writers in the
United States. Among the themes and issues explored in African American literature are the um role of African
Americans within the larger American society, African American culture, racism, slavery, and equality. As
African Americans' place in American society has changed over the centuries, so, too, have the foci of African
American literature. Before the American Civil War, African American literature primarily focused on the issue
of slavery, as indicated by the popular subgenre of slave narratives. At the turn of the 20th century, books by
authors such as W.E B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington debated whether to confront or appease racist
attitudes in the United States. During the American Civil Rights movement, authors like Richard Wright and
Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about issues of racial segregation and Black Nationalism. Today, African American
literature has become accepted as an integral part of American literature, with books in the genre, such as
Roots: The Saga of an American Family by Alex Haley, The Color Purple by Alice Walker, and Beloved by
Toni Morrison achieving both best-selling and award-winning status. African American literature tends to focus
on themes of particular interest to Black people, for example, the rote of African Americans within the larger
American society and issues such as African American culture, racism, religion, slavery, freedom, and equality.
This focus began with the earliest African American writings, such as the stave narrative genre in the early 19th
century, and continues through the work of many modern-day authors. Another characteristic of African
American literature is its strong tradition of incorporating oral poetry into itself. There are many examples of
oral poetry in African American culture, including spirituals, African American gospel music, blues and rap.
This oral poetry aLso shows up in the African American tradition of Christian serrnons, which make use of
deliberate repetition, cadence and Another characteristic of African American literature is its strong tradition of
incorporating oral poetry into itself. There are many examples of oral poetry in African American culture,
including spirituals, African American gospel music, blues and rap. This oral poetry also shows up in the
African American tradition of Christian sermons, which make use of deliberate repetition, cadence and
alliteration. All of these examples of oral poetry have made their way into African American literature.
However, while these characteristics exist on many levels of African American literature, they are not the
exclusive definition of the genre. As with any type of literature, there are disagreements as to the genre's
definitions and which authors and works should be included. Some people include in African American
literature writings by African Americans which lack black characters and situations and are not particularly
targeted at Mack audiences, such as, for example, much of the earlier work of bestselling novelist Li Frank
Yerby and that of science fiction writer Samuel R. Delany. Yerby, whose historical fiction with white
protagonists earned him the tile "king of the costume novel," became the first African American to write a
bestselling novel, The Foxes of Harrow.
While African American literature is well accepted in the United States, it is not without controversy. To the
genres supporters African American literature exists both within and outside American literature and is helping
to revitalize the countrys writing. To critics, African American literature is part of a Balkanization of American
literature. In addition, there are some within the African American community who do not like how their own
literature sometimes showcases Black people.

1. African American literature

Dealt with the issue of slavery prior to the civil war.

Dealt with issues like social injustice in the American society.

Is dynamic and has changed with the times.
All of the above.

2 . What proof is available in the passage to show that African American literature is 'not only
about the Blacks?
Some Blacks do not like their lives to be showcased by American literature.
There are critics who want African American writers to write about their lives in a white
society.
The fact that African American literature has become accepted as an integral part of
American literature.
The work of best selling Frank Yerby and that of science fiction writer Samuel R. Delany.
3 . Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
American literature is read only by African American.
African American literature is read only by African American.
African American literature is like an outlet for discussion of Afro-American issues and
problems.
African American literature is only a minor part of mainstream American literature.
The Africans who migrated to America are unhappy.
4. What does the incorporation of oral poetry in African American literature tell you about the
Afro-American culture?

Afro-Americans love singing and dancing.

It points to the rich oral traditions of music and storytelling, which was a way of
preserving the group's customs.
Afro-Americans are very poetic.
Afro-Americans have been converted to Christianity.
5. Some of the controversies surrounding African American literature are:

It is not accepted within the United State

Detractors feel that it is an attempt to divide the country
Critics feel that it has no stuff.

Direction: Identify the right form of expression in the following sentences

1.
a. Crop insurance must cover a long range of risks and is accessible to all.
b. Crop insurance must cover wide assortment of risks and be accessible with all.
c. Crop insurance must cover a wide range of risks and be accessible to all.
d.. Crop insurance ought able to cover a wide range of risks and be accessible to all.
2.
a. It's preposterous in saying, in this day and age, that the government might hand over
broadcasting services in the event of a war or natural calamity.
b. Its preposterous to say, in this day and age, that the government took out broadcasting
services in the event of a war or natural calamity.
c. Its preposterous to say, in this day and age, that the government can take over broadcasting
services in the event of a war natural calamity.
d. It's preposterous to say, in this day and age of a war, that the government has the right to
take over broadcasting services in the event of natural calamity.

3.
a. Farming today is the much precarious enterprise of all.
b. Today farming is very precarious enterprise among all.
c. Of all enterprise farming today is the most precarious of all.
d. Farming today is the most precarious enterprise of all.
4.
a. We should do a good job first of mastering the techniques in preserving, maintenance and
restoration, as well as learning how best to display art objects we readily possess.
b. We should do a good job first of masterminding techniques of preservation, maintenance and
restoration, as well as learning how good to display arts object we already possess.
c. We shall do a good job in mastering techniques for preservation, maintenance and restoration,
as well learning how best to display art objects we after all possess.
d. We should do a good job first of mastering techniques of preservation, maintenance and
restoration, as well as of teaming how best to display art objects we already possess.
5
a. Aviation insiders say that airlines that still make the pilots pay to their training will find it
increasingly difficult to fill their vacancies
b. Aviation insiders say airlines that still make the pilots pay for their training will increasingly
find it difficult to fill their vacancies.
c. Aviation insiders claim that airlines that still are making the pilots paying to their training will
find it largely difficult to fill their vacancies.
d. Aviation insiders are saying that airlines who still make the pilots pay with their training will
increasingly find it difficult in filling up their vacancies.
6.
a. Allowing situations for creating you is not management at all; create the situations that you
want is management
b. Allowing situations to create you is not management at all; creating the situations that you
want is management
c. Allowing situations in your creation is not management at all; creating the situations that you
want is management
d. To let situations create you is not management at all; to let creating the situations that one
wants is management
7.
a. Since the colonial period there was complete disruption in the way of life.
b. During the colonial period there was complete disruption in co the lonia way period. of life.
c. There was complete disruption in the way of life along the l
d. It was the colonial period and it was, complete disruption in the way of life.
8.
a. The manner in which the director allowed official machinery to be used for the day-to-day
running of the anti-reservation agitation, amounts to an open challenge to the constitution.
b. The director's allowance in the manner in which official machinery was used for the day-to-day
running of the anti-reservation agitation, has numbered to an open challenge to the constitution.
c. The behavior, in which the director allowed official machinery to be operated for the day-today running of the anti-reservation
d. An open challenge to the constitution has resulted in the way in which the director allowed
official machinery to be used for the agitation, amounts to an open challenge from the
constitution. day-to-day run of the anti-reservation agitation.

Directions: Read the following passage below and answer the questions
Alan Turing, the British mathematician whose concepts in the early 1950s foreshadowed the
modem-day digital computer, proposed a simple test to check for artificial intelligence. If a
human judge, he said, engaged in a natural language text conversation with two other parties,
one a human and the other a machine, and if the judge could not reliably tell which was which,
then the machine would for all purposes have passed the test.
As of 2006 no machine has managed to do that. But now a robot massager or Chabot has hit the
Internet. It is so life like in its responses that many people have been fooled into thinking they're
talking to a human being.
Invented by British scientists and nicknamed George, ifs programmed to show emotions, tell
jokes, answer questions and engage in intimate conversation on subjects as varied as love, life
and the universe.
It can also speak 40 languages as its vocabulary continues to improve which, incidentally, is
bound to happen considering George has already chatted with some two million people since its
inception. George is also capable of carrying on a conversation with hundreds of different people
at the same time from all over the globe. To some people, though, the scary part is that George
continues to evolve.
From expressing itself only as a disembodied text interface, a fully animated 3D image of an
androgynous-looking humanoid capable of an extensive range of gestures and expressions has
recently been introduced to online audiences.
This new George, unlike many other conversational programs, does not merely try to be logical
but attempts to form relationship and frequently behave illogically in order to seem more alive.
This is exactly what had predicted by people ever since the industrial revolution introduced the
possibility of creating mechanical human beings, and Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein, based on
a laboratory-made semi-human creature.
The paranoia generated by such things has only gathered momentum since then, so that today
with the advent of powerful a computers it has led to an overwhelming feeling of fear of a
complete takeover by machines in the future.
The reason is that robotic creatures can now also be imbued with artificial intelligence which
rivals that of human beings. When robots supersede human beings there would no longer be any
need for the Turing Test, unless of course, machines start testing us for intelligence instead.
1. According to the passage, what was it that no machine had managed to do?
a. Pass the Turing test
b. Learn many languages
c. Participate in conversation
d. Show emotions and make gestures
2.
a.
b.
c.

What is the author's greatest fear?

Humans will be rivaled by machines
Machines ruling us in the future
Robots passing the Turing test

d. Machines testing us for intelligence

3.
a.
b.
c.
d.

The robot massager 'George' was invented by

Alan Turing, the British mathematician \
American scientists
Scientists from Britain
Mary Shelley

4.
a.
b.
c.
d.

What was the impetus for the new robot?

Mary Shelley's book Frankenstein
Industrial revolution which saw the possibility of making mechanical human-beings
Laboratory-made semi humans.
All of the above

5.
a.
b.
c.
d.

As understood from the passage, what makes 'George' seem more life-like?
Extensive range of gestures and expressions
Attempts to form relationships
Ability to talk on varied subjects
Illogical behavior

Directions: In each of the following sentences, some part of the sentence or the entire sentence
is underlined.Beneath each sentence you will find four ways of phrasing the underlined part. This
is a test of correctness arid effectiveness of expression. In choosing answers, follow the
requirements of standard written English, that is pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and
sentence construction. Choose the answer that expresses most effectively what is presented in
the original sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity or
redundancy.
1. The president called out to his people to see if they make sacrifices for the good
of their country.
a. called on his people to see if they make sacrifices for the good
b. called upon his people to see and make sacrifices for the good
c. called upon his people to make sacrifices for the good
d. called for his people to make sacrifices for the good
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Having lost his voice as a result of a throat infection, he was forcing to manipulate to
get his point across.
he was forced to articulate to get his point across.
he was forced to manipulate to get his point across.
he was forced to gesticulate to get his point across.
he forced himself to prevaricate to get his point across.

3. As a teenager he had many aspirations, one of this was to play the drums in the
band
a. one of this was for playing the drums in the band.
b. one of whose was to play the drums in the band.
c. one of which was to play the drums in a band.
d. one of them was to play the drums in the band.
4. We are all in the opinion that hydrocarbons in the atmosphere contributes to global
warming
a. in the opinion that by of the opinion that hydrocarbons from the atmosphere contribute
to global warming
b. Of the opinion that hydrocarbons in the atmosphere contribute to global warming.
c. With the opinion that hydrocarbons in the atmosphere contribute to global warming.

d.

of the opinion that hydrocarbons in the atmosphere contributes to global warming.

5. Priya was such a diligent student, spending a lot of her spare time immersed in
her books.
a. Priya was such a diligent student to be spending a lot of her spare time immersed in her
books.
b. Priya is such a diligent student that she spent a lot of her spare time immersed in her
books.
c. Priya was such a diligent student, that she was spending a lot of her spare time immersed
in her books.
d. Priya is such a diligent student that she spends a lot of her spare time immersed in her
books.
6. He is only sixteen and a first time offender, if he's lucky he can only be getting a
suspended sentence.
a. if he's lucky he shall be getting a suspended sentence only.
b. only if he was lucky he would get a suspended sentence.
c. if he's lucky hell only get a suspended sentence.
d. if he were lucky he would only have got a suspended sentence.

7.
a.
b.
c.
d.

'Ah yes,' said the old man, 'if I'd had time, I would see the world.'
'if I would have time, I would see the world.'
'if I'd had time , I'll see the world.'
'if I'd had time , I could see the world.'
'If I'd had time, I would have seen the world.'

8. Both the chess players tried very hard to outdistance one another with ever move in
the tournament.
a. outnumber one another with every move in the tournament
b. outweigh each other with every move in the tournament
c. outwit each other with every move in the tournament
d. outwit one another on every move in the tournament.
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best of the answer choices given
1. The sale of soft drinks on campus was recently banned by the Delhi University (DU) ViceChancellor (VC) after a student fainted on consuming five bottles of cob in order to win a
bet. The chemistry department students carried out an experiment in which they placed a
tooth in a glass of cola. Within 24 hours, the tooth was dissolved by the cola!
a.
b.
c.
d.

Which of the following statements can be assumed from the above?

The DU VC is against all modern things.
DU students, faculty and staff are all very health conscious,
The chemistry department students are pioneers in cob bashing.
Colas cause depletion of calcium and are very harmful for bones.

2. A particular book was banned by a religious body who claimed that it was blasphemous.
The sale of that book was prohibited throughout the country and anyone caught reading
the book was beheaded. Things came to any extreme pass and the highest judicial
authority intervened and asked the religious body and the author to come to court. After
hearing both sides of the story, the judge dismissed the claim of the religious body and
fined it for creating trouble.
Which of the following statements would have strengthened the case of the author?