Chapter 12, Solution 1.

(a) If Vab = 400 , then

400
Van = ∠ - 30° = 231∠ - 30° V
3

Vbn = 231∠ - 150° V

Vcn = 231∠ - 270° V

(b) For the acb sequence,

Vab = Van − Vbn = Vp ∠0° − Vp ∠120°

 1 3
Vab = Vp 1 + − j  = Vp 3∠ - 30°
 2 2 

i.e. in the acb sequence, Vab lags Van by 30°.

Hence, if Vab = 400 , then

400
Van = ∠30° = 231∠30° V
3

Vbn = 231∠150° V
Vcn = 231∠ - 90° V

Chapter 12, Solution 2.

Since phase c lags phase a by 120°, this is an acb sequence.

Vbn = 160∠(30° + 120°) = 160∠150° V

Chapter 12, Solution 3.

Since Vbn leads Vcn by 120°, this is an abc sequence.

Van = 208∠(130° + 120°) = 208∠ 250° V

Chapter 12, Solution 4.

Vbc = Vca ∠120° = 208∠140° V

Vab = Vbc ∠120° = 208∠260° V

Vab 208∠260°
Van = = = 120∠230° V
3 ∠30° 3 ∠30°

Vbn = Van ∠ - 120° = 120∠110° V

Chapter 12, Solution 5.

This is an abc phase sequence.

Vab = Van 3 ∠30°

Vab 420∠0°
or Van = = = 242.5∠ - 30° V
3 ∠30° 3 ∠30°

Vbn = Van ∠ - 120° = 242.5∠ - 150° V

Vcn = Van ∠120° = 242.5∠90° V

Chapter 12, Solution 6.

Z Y = 10 + j5 = 11.18∠26.56°

The line currents are

Van 220 ∠0°
Ia = = = 19.68∠ - 26.56° A
Z Y 11.18∠26.56°

I b = I a ∠ - 120° = 19.68∠ - 146.56° A

I c = I a ∠120° = 19.68∠93.44° A
 The line voltages are
Vab = 200 3 ∠30° = 381∠30° V
Vbc = 381∠ - 90° V
Vca = 381∠ - 210° V

The load voltages are

VAN = I a Z Y = Van = 220∠0° V
VBN = Vbn = 220∠ - 120° V
VCN = Vcn = 220∠120° V

Chapter 12, Solution 7.

This is a balanced Y-Y system.

+
440∠0° V ZY = 6 − j8 Ω
−

Using the per-phase circuit shown above,

440∠0°
Ia = = 44∠53.13° A
6 − j8
I b = I a ∠ - 120° = 44∠ - 66.87° A
I c = I a ∠120° = 44∠173.13° A

Chapter 12, Solution 8.

VL = 220 V , Z Y = 16 + j9 Ω

Vp VL 220
I an = = = = 6.918∠ - 29.36°
ZY 3 ZY 3 (16 + j9)

I L = 6.918 A
Chapter 12, Solution 9.

Van 120 ∠0°

Ia = = = 4.8∠ - 36.87° A
Z L + Z Y 20 + j15

I b = I a ∠ - 120° = 4.8∠ - 156.87° A

I c = I a ∠120° = 4.8∠83.13° A

As a balanced system, I n = 0 A

Chapter 12, Solution 10.

Since the neutral line is present, we can solve this problem on a per-phase basis.

For phase a,
Van 220 ∠0°
Ia = = = 6.55∠36.53°
Z A + 2 27 − j20

For phase b,
Vbn 220 ∠ - 120°
Ib = = = 10 ∠ - 120°
ZB + 2 22

For phase c,
Vcn 220 ∠120°
Ic = = = 16.92 ∠97.38°
ZC + 2 12 + j5

The current in the neutral line is

I n = -(I a + I b + I c )
or - In = Ia + Ib + Ic

- I n = (5.263 + j3.9) + (-5 − j8.66) + (-2.173 + j16.78)

I n = 1.91 − j12.02 = 12.17 ∠ - 81° A

Chapter 12, Solution 11.

Vbc VBC 220∠10°

Van = = =
3 ∠ - 90° 3 ∠ - 90° 3 ∠ - 90°

Van = 127 ∠100° V

VAB = VBC ∠120° = 220∠130° V

VAC = VBC ∠ - 120° = 220∠ - 110° V

If I bB = 30 ∠60° , then
I aA = 30∠180° , I cC = 30 ∠ - 60°

I aA 30∠180°
I AB = = = 17.32∠210°
3 ∠ - 30° 3 ∠ - 30°

I BC = 17.32∠90° , I CA = 17.32 ∠ - 30°

I AC = -I CA = 17.32∠150° A

I BC Z = VBC

VBC 220 ∠0°

Z= = = 12.7 ∠ - 80° Ω
I BC 17.32 ∠90°

Chapter 12, Solution 12.

Convert the delta-load to a wye-load and apply per-phase analysis.

Ia
+
110∠0° V ZY
−

Z∆
ZY = = 20 ∠45° Ω
3
 110∠0°
Ia = = 5.5∠ - 45° A
20∠45°
I b = I a ∠ - 120° = 5.5∠ - 165° A
I c = I a ∠120° = 5.5∠75° A

Chapter 12, Solution 13.

First we calculate the wye equivalent of the balanced load.

ZY = (1/3)Z∆ = 6+j5

Now we only need to calculate the line currents using the wye-wye circuits.

110
Ia = = 6.471∠ − 61.93° A
2 + j10 + 6 + j5
110∠ − 120°
Ib = = 6.471∠178.07° A
8 + j15
110∠120°
Ic = = 6.471∠58.07° A
8 + j15
Chapter 12, Solution 14.

We apply mesh analysis.

1 + j 2Ω A
a

+ ZL
100∠0 o V ZL
- I3

n I1 B C
- -
100∠120 o V 100∠120 o V Z L = 12 + j12Ω
+ - +
c I2 b 1 + j 2Ω

1 + j 2Ω

For mesh 1,

− 100 + 100∠120 o + I 1 (14 + j16) − (1 + j 2) I 2 − (12 + j12) I 3 = 0

or

(14 + j16) I 1 − (1 + j 2) I 2 − (12 + j12) I 3 = 100 + 50 − j86.6 = 150 − j86.6 (1)

For mesh 2,
100∠120 o − 100∠ − 120 o − I 1 (1 + j 2) − (12 + j12) I 3 + (14 + j16) I 2 = 0
or
− (1 + j 2) I 1 + (14 + j16) I 2 − (12 + j12) I 3 = −50 − j86.6 + 50 − j86.6 = − j173.2 (2)
For mesh 3,
− (12 + j12) I 1 − (12 + j12) I 2 + (36 + j 36) I 3 = 0 (3)
Solving (1) to (3) gives

I 1 = −3.161 − j19.3, I 2 = −10.098 − j16.749, I 3 = −4.4197 − j12.016

I aA = I 1 = 19.58∠ − 99.3 A o

I bB = I 2 − I 1 = 7.392∠159.8 o A

I cC = − I 2 = 19.56∠58.91o A
Chapter 12, Solution 15.

Convert the delta load, Z ∆ , to its equivalent wye load.

Z∆
Z Ye = = 8 − j10
3

(12 + j5)(8 − j10)

Z p = Z Y || Z Ye = = 8.076∠ - 14.68°
20 − j5

Z p = 7.812 − j2.047

Z T = Z p + Z L = 8.812 − j1.047
Z T = 8.874 ∠ - 6.78°

We now use the per-phase equivalent circuit.

Vp 210
Ia = , where Vp =
Zp + ZL 3

210
Ia = = 13.66 ∠6.78°
3 (8.874 ∠ - 6.78°)

I L = I a = 13.66 A

Chapter 12, Solution 16.

(a) I CA = - I AC = 10∠(-30° + 180°) = 10∠150°

This implies that

I AB = 10 ∠30°
I BC = 10∠ - 90°

I a = I AB 3 ∠ - 30° = 17.32∠0° A
I b = 17.32∠ - 120° A
I c = 17.32∠120° A

VAB 110 ∠0°

(b) Z∆ = = = 11∠ - 30° Ω
I AB 10 ∠30°
Chapter 12, Solution 17.

Convert the ∆-connected load to a Y-connected load and use per-phase analysis.

ZL Ia

+
Van ZY
−

Z∆
ZY = = 3 + j4
3

Van 120 ∠0°

Ia = = = 19.931∠ - 48.37°
Z Y + Z L (3 + j4) + (1 + j0.5)

But I a = I AB 3 ∠ - 30°

19.931∠ - 48.37°
I AB = = 11.51∠ - 18.37° A
3 ∠ - 30°

I BC = 11.51∠ - 138.4° A
I CA = 11.51∠101.6° A

VAB = I AB Z ∆ = (11.51∠ - 18.37°)(15∠53.13°)

VAB = 172.6∠34.76° V

VBC = 172.6∠ - 85.24° V

VCA = 172.6∠154.8° V

Chapter 12, Solution 18.

VAB = Van 3 ∠30° = (440 ∠60°)( 3 ∠30°) = 762.1∠90°

Z ∆ = 12 + j9 = 15∠36.87°
 VAB 762.1∠90°
I AB = = = 50.81∠53.13° A
Z ∆ 15∠36.87°

I BC = I AB ∠ - 120° = 50.81∠ - 66.87° A

I CA = I AB ∠120° = 50.81∠173.13° A

Chapter 12, Solution 19.

Z ∆ = 30 + j10 = 31.62 ∠18.43°

The phase currents are

Vab 173∠0°
I AB = = = 5.47 ∠ - 18.43° A
Z ∆ 31.62 ∠18.43°
I BC = I AB ∠ - 120° = 5.47 ∠ - 138.43° A
I CA = I AB ∠120° = 5.47 ∠101.57° A

The line currents are

I a = I AB − I CA = I AB 3 ∠ - 30°
I a = 5.47 3 ∠ - 48.43° = 9.474∠ - 48.43° A

I b = I a ∠ - 120° = 9.474∠ - 168.43° A

I c = I a ∠120° = 9.474∠71.57° A

Chapter 12, Solution 20.

Z ∆ = 12 + j9 = 15∠36.87°

The phase currents are

210∠0°
I AB = = 14∠ - 36.87° A
15∠36.87°
I BC = I AB ∠ - 120° = 14∠ - 156.87° A
I CA = I AB ∠120° = 14∠83.13° A

The line currents are

I a = I AB 3 ∠ - 30° = 24.25∠ - 66.87° A
I b = I a ∠ - 120° = 24.25∠ - 186.87° A
I c = I a ∠120° = 24.25∠53.13° A
Chapter 12, Solution 21.

− 230∠120° − 230∠120°
(a) I AC = = = 17.96∠ − 98.66° A(rms)
10 + j8 12.806∠38.66°

230∠ − 120 230∠0°

I bB = I BC + I BA = I BC − I AB = −
10 + j8 10 + j8
(b) = 17.96∠ − 158.66° − 17.96∠ − 38.66°
= −16.729 − j6.536 − 14.024 + j11.220 = −30.75 + j4.684
= 31.10∠171.34° A

Chapter 12, Solution 22.

Convert the ∆-connected source to a Y-connected source.

Vp 208
Van = ∠ - 30° = ∠ - 30° = 120 ∠ - 30°
3 3

Convert the ∆-connected load to a Y-connected load.

Z (4 + j6)(4 − j5)
Z = Z Y || ∆ = (4 + j6) || (4 − j5) =
3 8+ j

Z = 5.723 − j0.2153

ZL Ia

+
Van Z
−

Van 120 ∠30°

Ia = = = 15.53∠ - 28.4° A
Z L + Z 7.723 − j0.2153

I b = I a ∠ - 120° = 15.53∠ - 148.4° A

I c = I a ∠120° = 15.53∠91.6° A
Chapter 12, Solution 23.

V AB 208
(a) I AB = =
Z∆ 25∠60 o

208 3∠ − 30 o
I a = I AB 3∠ − 30 = o
= 14.411∠ − 90 o
25∠60 o

I L =| I a |= 14.41 A

 208 3 
(b) P = P1 + P2 = 3VL I L cosθ = 3 (208)  cos 60 o = 2.596 kW

 25 

Chapter 12, Solution 24.

Convert both the source and the load to their wye equivalents.
Z∆
ZY = = 20 ∠30° = 17.32 + j10
3

Vab
Van = ∠ - 30° = 240.2∠0°
3

We now use per-phase analysis.

1+jΩ Ia

+
Van 20∠30° Ω
−

Van 240.2
Ia = = = 11.24∠ - 31° A
(1 + j) + (17.32 + j10) 21.37 ∠31°

I b = I a ∠ - 120° = 11.24∠ - 151° A

I c = I a ∠120° = 11.24∠89° A
 But I a = I AB 3 ∠ - 30°

11.24 ∠ - 31°
I AB = = 6.489∠ - 1° A
3 ∠ - 30°

I BC = I AB ∠ - 120° = 6.489∠ - 121° A

I CA = I AB ∠120° = 6.489∠119° A

Chapter 12, Solution 25.

Convert the delta-connected source to an equivalent wye-connected source and

consider the single-phase equivalent.

440 ∠(10° − 30°)

Ia =
3 ZY

where Z Y = 3 + j2 + 10 − j8 = 13 − j6 = 14.32 ∠ - 24°.78°

440 ∠ - 20°
Ia = = 17.74∠4.78° A
3 (14.32 ∠ - 24.78°)

I b = I a ∠ - 120° = 17.74∠ - 115.22° A

I c = I a ∠120° = 17.74∠124.78° A

Chapter 12, Solution 26.

Transform the source to its wye equivalent.

Vp
Van = ∠ - 30° = 72.17 ∠ - 30°
3

Now, use the per-phase equivalent circuit.

Van
I aA = , Z = 24 − j15 = 28.3∠ - 32°
Z
 72.17 ∠ - 30°
I aA = = 2.55∠ 2° A
28.3∠ - 32°

I bB = I aA ∠ - 120° = 2.55∠ - 118° A

I cC = I aA ∠120° = 2.55∠122° A

Chapter 12, Solution 27.

Vab ∠ - 30° 220∠ - 10°

Ia = =
3 ZY 3 (20 + j15)

I a = 5.081∠ - 46.87° A

I b = I a ∠ - 120° = 5.081∠ - 166.87° A

I c = I a ∠120° = 5.081∠73.13° A

Chapter 12, Solution 28.

Let Vab = 400∠0°

Van ∠ - 30° 400∠ - 30°

Ia = = = 7.7 ∠30°
3 ZY 3 (30 ∠ - 60°)

I L = I a = 7.7 A

Van
VAN = I a Z Y = ∠ - 30° = 230.94∠ - 30°
3

Vp = VAN = 230.9 V
Chapter 12, Solution 29.

VL
P = 3Vp I p cos θ , Vp = , IL = Ip
3

P = 3 VL I L cos θ

P 5000
IL = = = 20.05 = I p
3 VL cos θ 240 3 (0.6)

Vp VL 240
ZY = = = = 6.911
Ip 3 IL 3 (20.05)

cos θ = 0.6 
→ θ = 53.13°

Z Y = 6.911∠ - 53.13° (leading)

Z Y = 4.15 − j5.53 Ω

P 5000
S= = = 8333
pf 0.6

Q = S sin θ = 6667

S = 5000 − j6667 VA

Chapter 12, Solution 30.

Since this a balanced system, we can replace it by a per-phase equivalent, as

shown below.

+ ZL
Vp
-
 3V 2 p VL
S = 3S p = , Vp =
Z*p 3

V 2L (208) 2
S= = = 1.4421∠45 o kVA
Z * p 30∠ − 45 o

P = S cosθ = 1.02 kW

Chapter 12, Solution 31.

PP
(a) Pp = 6,000, cosθ = 0.8, Sp = = 6 / 0.8 = 7.5 kVA
cos θ

Q p = S P sin θ = 4.5 kVAR

S = 3S p = 3(6 + j 4.5) = 18 + j13.5 kVA
For delta-connected load, Vp = VL= 240 (rms). But

3V 2 p 3V 2 p 3(240) 2
S= 
→ Z*p = = , Z P = 6.144 + j 4.608Ω
Z*p S (18 + j13.5) x10 3

6000
(b) Pp = 3VL I L cosθ 
→ IL = = 18.04 A
3 x 240 x0.8

(c ) We find C to bring the power factor to unity

Qc 4500
Qc = Q p = 4.5 kVA 
→ C= = = 207.2 µF
ωV rms 2πx60 x 240 2
2

Chapter 12, Solution 32.

S = 3 VL I L ∠θ

S = S = 3 VL I L = 50 × 10 3

5000
IL = = 65.61 A
3 (440)
 For a Y-connected load,
VL 440
I p = I L = 65.61 , Vp = = = 254.03
3 3

Vp 254.03
Z = = = 3.872
Ip 65.61

Z = Z ∠θ , θ = cos -1 (0.6) = 53.13°

Z = (3.872)(cos θ + j sin θ)

Z = (3.872)(0.6 + j0.8)

Z = 2.323 + j3.098 Ω

Chapter 12, Solution 33.

S = 3 VL I L ∠θ

S = S = 3 VL I L

For a Y-connected load,

IL = Ip , VL = 3 Vp

S = 3 Vp I p

S 4800
IL = Ip = = = 7.69 A
3 Vp (3)(208)

VL = 3 Vp = 3 × 208 = 360.3 V
Chapter 12, Solution 34.

VL 220
Vp = =
3 3

Vp 200
Ia = = = 6.73∠58°
ZY 3 (10 − j16)

I L = I p = 6.73 A

S = 3 VL I L ∠θ = 3 × 220 × 6.73∠ - 58°

S = 1359 − j2174.8 VA

Chapter 12, Solution 35.

(a) This is a balanced three-phase system and we can use per phase equivalent
circuit. The delta-connected load is converted to its wye-connected equivalent

1
Z '' y = Z ∆ = (60 + j 30) / 3 = 20 + j10
3

IL

+
Z’y Z’’y
230 V
-

Z y = Z ' y // Z '' y = (40 + j10) //( 20 + j10) = 13.5 + j 5.5

230
IL = = 14.61 − j 5.953 A
13.5 + j 5.5

(b) S = Vs I * L = 3.361 + j1.368 kVA

(c ) pf = P/S = 0.9261
Chapter 12, Solution 36.

(a) S = 1 [0.75 + sin(cos-10.75) ] =0.75 + 0.6614 MVA

S (0.75 + j 0.6614) x10 6

(b) S = 3V p I * p 
→ I*p = = = 59.52 + j 52.49
3V p 3x 4200

PL =| I p | 2 Rl = (79.36) 2 (4) = 25.19 kW

(c) Vs = VL + I p (4 + j ) = 4.4381 − j 0.21 kV = 4.443∠ - 2.709 o kV

Chapter 12, Solution 37.

P 12
S= = = 20
pf 0.6

S = S∠θ = 20∠θ = 12 − j16 kVA

But S = 3 VL I L ∠θ

20 × 10 3
IL = = 55.51 A
3 × 208

2
S = 3 Ip Zp

For a Y-connected load, I L = I p .

S (12 − j16) × 10 3
Zp = 2 =
3 IL (3)(55.51) 2

Z p = 1.298 − j1.731 Ω
Chapter 12, Solution 38.

As a balanced three-phase system, we can use the per-phase equivalent shown

below.

110∠0° 110∠0°
Ia = =
(1 + j2) + (9 + j12) 10 + j14

1 2 1 (110) 2
Sp = I ZY = ⋅ ⋅ (9 + j12)
2 a 2 (10 2 + 14 2 )

The complex power is

3 (110) 2
S = 3S p = ⋅ ⋅ (9 + j12)
2 296

S = 551.86 + j735.81 VA

Chapter 12, Solution 39.

Consider the system shown below.

a 5Ω A

-j6 Ω 4Ω
100∠120° − + 100∠0° I1
+ − 8Ω I3 j3 Ω
5Ω
c − + C
b B
10 Ω
100∠-120° I2

5Ω

For mesh 1,
100 = (18 − j6) I 1 − 5 I 2 − (8 − j6) I 3 (1)

For mesh 2,
100 ∠ - 120° = 20 I 2 − 5 I 1 − 10 I 3
20∠ - 120° = - I 1 + 4 I 2 − 2 I 3 (2)
For mesh 3,
0 = - (8 − j6) I 1 − 10 I 2 + (22 − j3) I 3 (3)

To eliminate I 2 , start by multiplying (1) by 2,

200 = (36 − j12) I 1 − 10 I 2 − (16 − j12) I 3 (4)

Subtracting (3) from (4),

200 = (44 − j18) I 1 − (38 − j15) I 3 (5)

Multiplying (2) by 5 4 ,
25∠ - 120° = -1.25 I 1 + 5 I 2 − 2.5 I 3 (6)

Adding (1) and (6),

87.5 − j21.65 = (16.75 − j6) I 1 − (10.5 − j6) I 3 (7)

In matrix form, (5) and (7) become

 200   44 − j18 - 38 + j15  I 1 

87.5 − j12.65 = 16.75 − j6 - 10.5 + j6  I 
    3 

∆ = 192.5 − j26.25 , ∆ 1 = 900.25 − j935.2 , ∆ 3 = 110.3 − j1327.6

∆ 1 1298.1∠ - 46.09°
I1 = = = 6.682 ∠ - 38.33° = 5.242 − j4.144
∆ 194.28∠ - 7.76°

∆ 3 1332.2∠ - 85.25°
I3 = = = 6.857∠ - 77.49° = 1.485 − j6.694
∆ 194.28∠ - 7.76°

We obtain I 2 from (6),

1 1
I 2 = 5∠ - 120° + I 1 + I 3
4 2

I 2 = (-2.5 − j4.33) + (1.3104 − j1.0359) + (0.7425 − j3.347)

I 2 = -0.4471 − j8.713

The average power absorbed by the 8-Ω resistor is

2 2
P1 = I 1 − I 3 (8) = 3.756 + j2.551 (8) = 164.89 W

The average power absorbed by the 4-Ω resistor is

2
P2 = I 3 (4) = (6.8571) 2 (4) = 188.1 W
The average power absorbed by the 10-Ω resistor is
2 2
P3 = I 2 − I 3 (10) = - 1.9321 − j2.019 (10) = 78.12 W

Thus, the total real power absorbed by the load is

P = P1 + P2 + P3 = 431.1 W

Chapter 12, Solution 40.

Transform the delta-connected load to its wye equivalent.

Z∆
ZY = = 7 + j8
3

Using the per-phase equivalent circuit above,

100 ∠0°
Ia = = 8.567 ∠ - 46.75°
(1 + j0.5) + (7 + j8)

For a wye-connected load,

I p = I a = I a = 8.567

2
S = 3 Ip Z p = (3)(8.567) 2 (7 + j8)

P = Re(S) = (3)(8.567) 2 (7) = 1.541 kW

Chapter 12, Solution 41.

P 5 kW
S= = = 6.25 kVA
pf 0.8

But S = 3 VL I L

S 6.25 × 10 3
IL = = = 9.021 A
3 VL 3 × 400
Chapter 12, Solution 42.

The load determines the power factor.

40
tan θ = = 1.333  → θ = 53.13°
30

pf = cos θ = 0.6 (leading)

 7.2 
S = 7.2 − j (0.8) = 7.2 − j9.6 kVA
 0.6 

2
But S = 3 Ip Zp

2 S (7.2 − j9.6) × 10 3
Ip = = = 80
3Zp (3)(30 − j40)

I p = 8.944 A

I L = I p = 8.944 A

S 12 × 10 3
VL = = = 774.6 V
3 IL 3 (8.944)

Chapter 12, Solution 43.

2
S = 3 Ip Zp , I p = I L for Y-connected loads

S = (3)(13.66) 2 (7.812 − j2.047)

S = 4.373 − j1.145 kVA

Chapter 12, Solution 44.

For a ∆-connected load,

Vp = VL , IL = 3 Ip

S = 3 VL I L

S (12 2 + 5 2 ) × 10 3
IL = = = 31.273
3 VL 3 (240)

At the source,
VL' = VL + I L Z L
VL' = 240∠0° + (31.273)(1 + j3)
VL' = 271.273 + j93.819
VL' = 287.04 V

Also, at the source,

S ' = 3VL' I *L
S ' = 3 (271.273 + j93.819)(31.273)

 93.819 
θ = tan -1   = 19.078
 271.273 

pf = cos θ = 0.9451

Chapter 12, Solution 45.

S = 3 VL I L ∠θ

S ∠-θ P 450 × 10 3
IL = , S = = = 635.6 kVA
3 VL pf 0.708

(635.6) ∠ - θ
IL = = 834 ∠ - 45° A
3 × 440

At the source,
VL = 440 ∠0° + I L (0.5 + j2)
 VL = 440 + (834 ∠ - 45°)(2.062 ∠76°)
VL = 440 + 1719.7 ∠31°
VL = 1914.1 + j885.7
VL = 2.109∠24.83° V

Chapter 12, Solution 46.

For the wye-connected load,

IL = Ip , VL = 3 Vp I p = Vp Z

2 2
3 Vp 3 VL 3
S = 3 Vp I *p = =
Z* Z*
2
VL (110) 2
S= = = 121 W
Z* 100

For the delta-connected load,

Vp = VL , IL = 3 Ip , I p = Vp Z

2 2
3 Vp 3 VL
S = 3V I =*
p p =
Z* Z*

(3)(110) 2
S= = 363 W
100

This shows that the delta-connected load will deliver three times more average
Z
power than the wye-connected load. This is also evident from Z Y = ∆ .
3

Chapter 12, Solution 47.

pf = 0.8 (lagging)  → θ = cos -1 (0.8) = 36.87°

S1 = 250 ∠36.87° = 200 + j150 kVA

pf = 0.95 (leading)  → θ = cos -1 (0.95) = -18.19°

S 2 = 300 ∠ - 18.19° = 285 − j93.65 kVA
 pf = 1.0  → θ = cos -1 (1) = 0°
S 3 = 450 kVA

S T = S1 + S 2 + S 3 = 935 + j56.35 = 936.7 ∠3.45° kVA

S T = 3 VL I L

936.7 × 10 3
IL = = 39.19 A rms
3 (13.8 × 10 3 )

pf = cos θ = cos(3.45°) = 0.9982 (lagging)

Chapter 12, Solution 48.

(a) We first convert the delta load to its equivalent wye load, as shown below.

A
A

ZA
18-j12 Ω 40+j15 Ω

ZB
ZC

C B C B

60 Ω

(40 + j15)(18 − j12)

ZA = = 7.577 − j1.923
118 + j 3

60(40 + j15).
ZB = = 20.52 − j 7.105
118 + j 3

60(18 − j12)
ZC = = 8.992 − j 6.3303
118 + j 3

The system becomes that shown below.

 a 2+j3 A

+
240<0o ZA
-
I1
- - ZB ZC
o o
240<120 240<-120
+ + 2+j3
c I2 b
B C

2+j3

We apply KVL to the loops. For mesh 1,

− 240 + 240∠ − 120 o + I 1 (2Z l + Z A + Z B ) − I 2 ( Z B + Z l ) = 0
or

(32.097 + j11.13) I 1 − (22.52 + j10.105) I 2 = 360 + j 207.85 (1)

For mesh 2,
240∠120 o − 240∠ − 120 o − I 1 ( Z B + Z l ) + I 2 (2Z l + Z B + Z C ) = 0
or

− (22.52 + j10.105) I 1 + (33.51 + j 6.775) I 2 = − j 415.69 (2)

Solving (1) and (2) gives
I 1 = 23.75 − j 5.328, I 2 = 15.165 − j11.89

I aA = I 1 = 24.34∠ − 12.64 o A, I bB = I 2 − I 1 = 10.81∠ − 142.6 o A

I cC = − I 2 = 19.27∠141.9 o A

(b) S a = (240∠0 o )(24.34∠12.64 o ) = 5841.6∠12.64 o

S b = (240∠ − 120 o )(10.81∠142.6 o ) = 2594.4∠22.6 o
S b = (240∠120 o )(19.27∠ − 141.9 o ) = 4624.8∠ − 21.9 o
S = S a + S b + S c = 12.386 + j 0.55 kVA = 12.4∠2.54 o kVA
Chapter 12, Solution 49.

(a) For the delta-connected load, Z p = 20 + j10Ω, V p = VL = 220 (rms) ,

3V 2 p 3 x 220 2
S= = = 5808 + j 2904 = 6.943∠26.56 o kVA
*
Z p (20 − j10)

(b) For the wye-connected load, Z p = 20 + j10Ω, V p = VL / 3 ,

3V 2 p 3 x 220 2
S= = = 2.164∠26.56 o kVA
*
Z p 3(20 − j10)

Chapter 12, Solution 50.

S = S 1 + S 2 = 8(0.6 + j 0.8) = 4.8 + j 6.4 kVA, S 1 = 3 kVA

Hence,

S 2 = S − S 1 = 1.8 + j 6.4 kVA

3V 2 p VL .V 2 L
But S 2 = , Vp = 
→ S2 =
Z*p 3 Z*p

V *L 240 2
Z*p = = 
→ Z p = 2.346 + j8.34Ω
S2 (1.8 + j 6.4) x10 3

Chapter 12, Solution 51.

Apply mesh analysis to the circuit as shown below.

Za

+ 150∠0° i1
−
Zb
150∠120° − n
+
+ i2
−
150∠-120° Zc
For mesh 1,
- 150 + (Z a + Z b ) I 1 − Z b I 2 = 0
150 = (18 + j) I 1 − (12 + j9) I 2 (1)
For mesh 2,
- 150 ∠ - 120° + (Z b + Z c ) I 2 − Z b I 1 = 0
150 ∠ - 120° = (27 + j9) I 2 − (12 + j9) I 1 (2)
From (1) and (2),
 150   18 + j - 12 − j9 I 1 
150∠ - 120° =  - 12 − j9 27 + j9  I 
    2 

∆ = 414 − j27 , ∆ 1 = 3780.9 + j3583.8 , ∆ 2 = 579.9 − j1063.2

∆ 1 5209.5∠43.47°
I1 = = = 12.56 ∠47.2°
∆ 414.88∠ - 3.73°

∆ 2 1211.1∠ - 61.39°
I2 = = = 2.919 ∠ - 57.66°
∆ 414.88∠ - 3.73°

I a = I 1 = 12.56∠47.2° A

∆ 2 − ∆ 1 - 3201 − j4647
I b = I 2 − I1 = =
∆ ∆

5642.3∠235.44°
Ib = = 13.6∠239.17° A
414.88∠ - 3.73°

I c = - I 2 = 2.919∠122.34° A

Chapter 12, Solution 52.

Since the neutral line is present, we can solve this problem on a per-phase basis.
Van 120 ∠120°
Ia = = = 6 ∠60°
Z AN 20 ∠60°

Vbn 120 ∠0°

Ib = = = 4 ∠0°
Z BN 30 ∠0°
 Vcn 120 ∠ - 120°
Ic = = = 3∠ - 150°
Z CN 40 ∠30°

Thus,
- In = Ia + Ib + Ic
- In = 6 ∠60° + 4 ∠0° + 3∠ - 150°
- In = (3 + j5.196) + (4) + (-2.598 − j1.5)
- In = 4.405 + j3.696 = 5.75∠40°

I n = 5.75∠ 220° A

Chapter 12, Solution 53.

250
Vp =
3

Since we have the neutral line, we can use per-phase equivalent circuit for each
phase.
250∠0° 1
Ia = ⋅ = 3.608∠ - 60° A
3 40∠60°

250∠ - 120° 1
Ib = ⋅ = 2.406∠ - 75° A
3 60∠ - 45°

250∠120° 1
Ic = ⋅ = 7.217 ∠120° A
3 20∠0°

- In = Ia + Ib + Ic
- I n = (1.804 − j3.125) + (0.6227 − j2.324) + (-3.609 + j6.25)

I n = 1.1823 − j0.801 = 1.428 ∠ - 34.12° A

Chapter 12, Solution 54.

Consider the circuit shown below.

a Ia

+
Vp∠0°
−
IAB A

Vp∠120° Vp∠-120° 50 Ω j50 Ω

− −
+ +
c b B C

-j50 Ω

VAB = Vab = 100 × 3 ∠30°

VAB 100 3 ∠30°

I AB = = = 3.464∠ 30° A
Z AB 50

VBC 100 3 ∠ - 90°

I BC = = = 3.464∠0° A
Z BC 50∠ - 90°

VCA 100 3 ∠150°

I CA = = = 3.464∠60° A
Z CA 50∠90°
Chapter 12, Solution 55.

Consider the circuit shown below.

a Ia A

+
220∠0° I1 60 + j80
−

220∠120° 220∠-120° 100 – j120 30 + j40

− −
+ +
c b Ib B C

I2

Ic
For mesh 1,
220 ∠ - 120° − 220 ∠0° + (160 − j40) I 1 − (100 − j120) I 2 = 0
11 − 11∠ - 120° = (8 − j2) I 1 − (5 − j6) I 2 (1)

For mesh 2,
220 ∠120° − 220 ∠ - 120° + (130 − j80) I 2 − (100 − j120) I 1 = 0
11∠ - 120° − 11∠120° = - (5 − j6) I 1 + (6.5 − j4) I 2 (2)

From (1) and (2),

16.5 + j9.526  8 − j2 - 5 + j6  I 1 
 - j19.053  =  - 5 + j6 6.5 - j4  I 
    2 

∆ = 55 + j15 , ∆ 1 = 31.04 − j99.35 , ∆ 2 = 101.55 − j203.8

∆ 1 104.08∠ - 72.65°
I1 = = = 1.8257 ∠ - 87.91°
∆ 57.01∠15.26°

∆ 2 227.7 ∠ - 63.51°
I2 = = = 3.994 ∠ - 78.77°
∆ 57.01∠15.26°

I a = I 1 = 1.8257 ∠ - 87.91°
 ∆ 2 − ∆ 1 70.51 − j104.45
I b = I 2 − I1 = = = 2.211∠ - 71.23°
∆ 55 + j15

I c = - I 2 = 3.994∠101.23°

2
SA = Ia Z AN = (1.8257) 2 (60 + j80) = 199.99 + j266.7
2
SB = Ib Z BN = (2.211) 2 (100 − j120) = 488.9 − j586.6
2
SC = Ic Z CN = (3.994) 2 (30 + j40) = 478.6 + j638.1

S = S A + S B + S C = 1167.5 + j318.2 VA

Chapter 12, Solution 56.

(a) Consider the circuit below.

a A
j10 Ω
440∠0° + − I1
b B
− + I3 -j5 Ω
440∠120° − 440∠-120° I2
+ 20 Ω
c C

For mesh 1,
440∠ - 120° − 440∠0° + j10 (I 1 − I 3 ) = 0

(440)(1.5 + j0.866)
I1 − I 3 = = 76.21∠ - 60° (1)
j10

For mesh 2,
440∠120° − 440∠ - 120° + 20 (I 2 − I 3 ) = 0

(440)( j1.732)
I3 − I2 = = j38.1 (2)
20
For mesh 3,
j10 (I 3 − I 1 ) + 20 (I 3 − I 2 ) − j5 I 3 = 0
 Substituting (1) and (2) into the equation for mesh 3 gives,
(440)(-1.5 + j0.866)
I3 = = 152.42∠60° (3)
j5

From (1),
I 1 = I 3 + 76.21∠ - 60° = 114.315 + j66 = 132∠30°

From (2),
I 2 = I 3 − j38.1 = 76.21 + j93.9 = 120.93∠50.94°

I a = I 1 = 132∠30° A

I b = I 2 − I 1 = -38.105 + j27.9 = 47.23∠143.8° A

I c = - I 2 = 120.9∠230.9° A

2
(b) S AB = I 1 − I 3 ( j10) = j58.08 kVA
2
S BC = I 2 − I 3 (20) = 29.04 kVA
2
S CA = I 3 (-j5) = (152.42) 2 (-j5) = -j116.16 kVA

S = S AB + S BC + S CA = 29.04 − j58.08 kVA

Real power absorbed = 29.04 kW

(c) Total complex supplied by the source is

S = 29.04 − j58.08 kVA
Chapter 12, Solution 57.

We apply mesh analysis to the circuit shown below.

Ia

+
Va 80 + j 50Ω
- I1

- - 20 + j 30Ω 60 − j 40Ω
Vc Vb
+ + Ib

I2
Ic

(100 + j80) I 1 − (20 + j 30) I 2 = Va − Vb = 165 + j 95.263 (1)

− (20 + j 30) I 1 + (80 − j10) I 2 = Vb − Vc = − j190.53 (2)
Solving (1) and (2) gives I 1 = 1.8616 − j 0.6084, I 2 = 0.9088 − j1.722 .

I a = I 1 = 1.9585∠ − 18.1o A, I b = I 2 − I 1 = −0.528 − j1.1136 = 1.4656∠ − 130.55 o A

I c = − I 2 = 1.947∠117.8 o A

Chapter 12, Solution 58.

The schematic is shown below. IPRINT is inserted in the neutral line to measure the
current through the line. In the AC Sweep box, we select Total Ptss = 1, Start Freq. =
0.1592, and End Freq. = 0.1592. After simulation, the output file includes

FREQ IM(V_PRINT4) IP(V_PRINT4)

1.592 E–01 1.078 E+01 –8.997 E+01

 i.e. In = 10.78∠–89.97° A

Chapter 12, Solution 59.

The schematic is shown below. In the AC Sweep box, we set Total Pts = 1, Start Freq
= 60, and End Freq = 60. After simulation, we obtain an output file which includes

FREQ VM(1) VP(1)

6.000 E+01 2.206 E+02 –3.456 E+01

FREQ VM(2) VP(2)

6.000 E+01 2.141 E+02 –8.149 E+01

FREQ VM(3) VP(3)

6.000 E+01 4.991 E+01 –5.059 E+01

i.e. VAN = 220.6∠–34.56°, VBN = 214.1∠–81.49°, VCN = 49.91∠–50.59° V

Chapter 12, Solution 60.

The schematic is shown below. IPRINT is inserted to give Io. We select Total Pts = 1,
Start Freq = 0.1592, and End Freq = 0.1592 in the AC Sweep box. Upon simulation,
the output file includes

FREQ IM(V_PRINT4) IP(V_PRINT4)

1.592 E–01 1.421 E+00 –1.355 E+02

from which, Io = 1.421∠–135.5° A

Chapter 12, Solution 61.

The schematic is shown below. Pseudocomponents IPRINT and PRINT are inserted to
measure IaA and VBN. In the AC Sweep box, we set Total Pts = 1, Start Freq = 0.1592,
and End Freq = 0.1592. Once the circuit is simulated, we get an output file which
includes
FREQ VM(2) VP(2)

1.592 E–01 2.308 E+02 –1.334 E+02

FREQ IM(V_PRINT2) IP(V_PRINT2)

1.592 E–01 1.115 E+01 3.699 E+01

from which
IaA = 11.15∠37° A, VBN = 230.8∠–133.4° V
Chapter 12, Solution 62.

Because of the delta-connected source involved, we follow Example 12.12. In the AC

Sweep box, we type Total Pts = 1, Start Freq = 60, and End Freq = 60. After
simulation, the output file includes

FREQ IM(V_PRINT2) IP(V_PRINT2)

6.000 E+01 5.960 E+00 –9.141 E+01

FREQ IM(V_PRINT1) IP(V_PRINT1)

6.000 E+01 7.333 E+07 1.200 E+02

From which
Iab = 7.333x107∠120° A, IbB = 5.96∠–91.41° A
Chapter 12, Solution 63.

1
Let ω = 1 so that L = X/ω = 20 H, and C = = 0.0333 F
ωX

The schematic is shown below..

When the file is saved and run, we obtain an output file which includes the following:
FREQ IM(V_PRINT1)IP(V_PRINT1)

1.592E-01 1.867E+01 1.589E+02

FREQ IM(V_PRINT2)IP(V_PRINT2)
1.592E-01 1.238E+01 1.441E+02

From the output file, the required currents are:

I aA = 18.67∠158.9 o A, I AC = 12.38∠144.1o A
Chapter 12, Solution 64.

We follow Example 12.12. In the AC Sweep box we type Total Pts = 1, Start Freq =
0.1592, and End Freq = 0.1592. After simulation the output file includes

FREQ IM(V_PRINT1) IP(V_PRINT1)

1.592 E–01 4.710 E+00 7.138 E+01

FREQ IM(V_PRINT2) IP(V_PRINT2)

1.592 E–01 6.781 E+07 –1.426 E+02

FREQ IM(V_PRINT3) IP(V_PRINT3)

1.592 E–01 3.898 E+00 –5.076 E+00

FREQ IM(V_PRINT4) IP(V_PRINT4)

1.592 E–01 3.547 E+00 6.157 E+01

FREQ IM(V_PRINT5) IP(V_PRINT5)

1.592 E–01 1.357 E+00 9.781 E+01

FREQ IM(V_PRINT6) IP(V_PRINT6)

1.592 E–01 3.831 E+00 –1.649 E+02

from this we obtain

IaA = 4.71∠71.38° A, IbB = 6.781∠–142.6° A, IcC = 3.898∠–5.08° A

IAB = 3.547∠61.57° A, IAC = 1.357∠97.81° A, IBC = 3.831∠–164.9° A

Chapter 12, Solution 65.

Due to the delta-connected source, we follow Example 12.12. We type Total Pts = 1,
Start Freq = 0.1592, and End Freq = 0.1592. The schematic is shown below. After it
is saved and simulated, we obtain an output file which includes

FREQ IM(V_PRINT1) IP(V_PRINT1)

1.592 E–01 6.581 E+00 9.866 E+01

FREQ IM(V_PRINT2) IP(V_PRINT2)

1.592 E–01 1.140 E+01 –1.113 E+02

FREQ IM(V_PRINT3) IP(V_PRINT3)

1.592 E–01 6.581 E+00 3.866 E+01

Thus, IaA = 6.581∠98.66° A, IbB = 11.4∠–111.3 A, IcC = 6.581∠38.66° A

Chapter 12, Solution 66.

VL 208
(a) Vp = = = 120 V
3 3

(b) Because the load is unbalanced, we have an unbalanced three-phase

system. Assuming an abc sequence,

120 ∠0°
I1 = = 2.5∠0° A
48

120∠ - 120°
I2 = = 3∠ - 120° A
40

120∠120°
I3 = = 2∠120° A
60

 3  3
- I N = I 1 + I 2 + I 3 = 2.5 + (3)  - 0.5 − j  + (2)  - 0.5 + j 
 2   2 
 3
IN = j = j0.866 = 0.866∠90° A
2
Hence,
I1 = 2.5 A , I2 = 3 A , I3 = 2 A , I N = 0.866 A

(c) P1 = I12 R 1 = (2.5) 2 (48) = 300 W

P2 = I 22 R 2 = (3) 2 (40) = 360 W
P3 = I 32 R 3 = (2) 2 (60) = 240 W

(d) PT = P1 + P2 + P3 = 900 W

Chapter 12, Solution 67.

(a) The power to the motor is

PT = S cos θ = (260)(0.85) = 221 kW

The motor power per phase is

1
Pp = PT = 73.67 kW
3

Hence, the wattmeter readings are as follows:

Wa = 73.67 + 24 = 97.67 kW
Wb = 73.67 + 15 = 88.67 kW
Wc = 73.67 + 9 = 83.67 kW

(b) The motor load is balanced so that I N = 0 .

For the lighting loads,

24,000
Ia = = 200 A
120

15,000
Ib = = 125 A
120

9,000
Ic = = 75 A
120

If we let
 I a = I a ∠0° = 200∠0° A
I b = 125∠ - 120° A
I c = 75∠120° A
Then,
- I N = Ia + Ib + Ic

 3  3
- I N = 200 + (125) - 0.5 − j  + (75) - 0.5 + j 
 2   2 

- I N = 100 − 86.602 A
I N = 132.3 A

Chapter 12, Solution 68.

(a) S = 3 VL I L = 3 (330)(8.4) = 4801 VA

P
(b) P = S cos θ 
→ pf = cos θ =
S

4500
pf = = 0.9372
4801.24

(c) For a wye-connected load,

I p = I L = 8.4 A

VL 330
(d) Vp = = = 190.53 V
3 3

Chapter 12, Solution 69.

S 1 = 1.2(0.8 + j 0.6) = 0.96 + j 0.72 MVA, S 2 = 2(0.75 − j 0.661) = 1.5 − 1.323 MVA, S3 = 0.8 MVA

P 3.26
S = S 1 + S 2 + S 3 = 3.26 − j 0.603 MVA, pf = = = 0.9833
S 3.3153

Qc = P(tan old − tan new ) = 3.26[tan(cos −1 0.9833) − tan(cos −1 0.99) = 0.1379 MVA

1
x0.1379 x10 6
C= 3 = 28 mF
2πx60 x6.6 2 x10 6
Chapter 12, Solution 70.

PT = P1 + P2 = 1200 − 400 = 800

Q T = P2 − P1 = -400 − 1200 = -1600

Q T - 1600
tan θ = = = -2 
→ θ = -63.43°
PT 800

pf = cos θ = 0.4472 (leading)

VL 240
Zp = = = 40
IL 6

Z p = 40 ∠ - 63.43° Ω

Chapter 12, Solution 71.

(a) If Vab = 208∠0° , Vbc = 208∠ - 120° , Vca = 208∠120° ,

Vab 208∠0°
I AB = = = 10.4 ∠0°
Z Ab 20

Vbc 208∠ - 120°

I BC = = = 14.708∠ - 75°
Z BC 10 2 ∠ - 45°

Vca 208∠120°
I CA = = = 16 ∠97.38°
Z CA 13∠22.62°

I aA = I AB − I CA = 10.4∠0° − 16∠97.38°
I aA = 10.4 + 2.055 − j15.867
I aA = 20.171∠ - 51.87°

I cC = I CA − I BC = 16∠97.83° − 14.708∠ - 75°

I cC = 30.64 ∠101.03°

P1 = Vab I aA cos(θ Vab − θIaA )

 P1 = (208)(20.171) cos(0° + 51.87°) = 2590 W

P2 = Vcb I cC cos(θ Vcb − θ IcC )

But Vcb = -Vbc = 208∠60°

P2 = (208)(30.64) cos(60° − 101.03°) = 4808 W

(b) PT = P1 + P2 = 7398.17 W
Q T = 3 (P2 − P1 ) = 3840.25 VAR
S T = PT + jQ T = 7398.17 + j3840.25 VA
S T = S T = 8335 VA

Chapter 12, Solution 72.

From Problem 12.11,

VAB = 220 ∠130° V and I aA = 30∠180° A

P1 = (220)(30) cos(130° − 180°) = 4242 W

VCB = -VBC = 220∠190°

I cC = 30∠ - 60°

P2 = (220)(30) cos(190° + 60°) = - 2257 W

Chapter 12, Solution 73.

Consider the circuit as shown below.

I1

Ia
+
240∠-60° V
− Z

− Z
240∠-120° V
+
I2 Ib Ic
 Z = 10 + j30 = 31.62∠71.57°

240∠ - 60°
Ia = = 7.59∠ - 131.57°
31.62∠71.57°

240 ∠ - 120°
Ib = = 7.59∠ - 191.57°
31.62∠71.57°

I c Z + 240∠ - 60° − 240 ∠ - 120° = 0

- 240
Ic = = 7.59∠108.43°
31.62∠71.57°

I 1 = I a − I c = 13.146∠ - 101.57°
I 2 = I b + I c = 13.146∠138.43°

P1 = Re [ V1 I 1* ] = Re [ (240∠ - 60°)(13.146 ∠101.57°) ] = 2360 W

P2 = Re [ V2 I *2 ] = Re [ (240 ∠ - 120°)(13.146∠ - 138.43°) ] = - 632.8 W

Chapter 12, Solution 74.

Consider the circuit shown below.

Z = 60 − j30 Ω

+ I1
208∠0° V
−
Z

208∠-60° V − I2
+
Z

For mesh 1,
208 = 2 Z I 1 − Z I 2
For mesh 2,
- 208∠ - 60° = - Z I 1 + 2 Z I 2
In matrix form,
 208   2 Z - Z  I 1 
 - 208∠ - 60° =  - Z 2 Z  I 
    2 

∆ = 3Z 2 , ∆ 1 = (208)(1.5 + j0.866) Z , ∆ 2 = (208)( j1.732) Z

∆ 1 (208)(1.5 + j0.866)
I1 = = = 1.789∠56.56°
∆ (3)(60 − j30)

∆ 2 (208)( j1.732)
I2 = = = 1.79∠116.56°
∆ (3)(60 − j30)

P1 = Re [ V1 I 1* ] = Re [ (208)(1.789∠ - 56.56°) ] = 208.98 W

P2 = Re [ V2 (- I 2 ) * ] = Re [ (208∠ - 60°))(1.79∠63.44°) ] = 371.65 W

Chapter 12, Solution 75.

V 12
(a) I= = = 20 mA
R 600

V 120
(b) I= = = 200 mA
R 600

Chapter 12, Solution 76.

If both appliances have the same power rating, P,

P
I=
Vs
P
For the 120-V appliance, I1 = .
120
P
For the 240-V appliance, I2 = .
240

 P2 R
 2 for the 120-V appliance
Power loss = I 2 R =  120
2
P R for the 240-V appliance
 240 2

1 1
Since 2 > , the losses in the 120-V appliance are higher.
120 240 2
Chapter 12, Solution 77.

Pg = PT − Pload − Pline , pf = 0.85

But PT = 3600 cos θ = 3600 × pf = 3060

Pg = 3060 − 2500 − (3)(80) = 320 W

Chapter 12, Solution 78.

51
cos θ1 = = 0.85 
→ θ1 = 31.79°
60

Q1 = S1 sin θ1 = (60)(0.5268) = 31.61 kVAR

P2 = P1 = 51 kW
cos θ 2 = 0.95 
→ θ 2 = 18.19°

P2
S2 = = 53.68 kVA
cos θ 2

Q 2 = S 2 sin θ 2 = 16.759 kVAR

Q c = Q1 − Q 2 = 3.61 − 16.759 = 14.851 kVAR

For each load,

Qc
Q c1 = = 4.95 kVAR
3

Q c1 4950
C= 2 = = 67.82 µF
ωV (2π )(60)(440) 2
Chapter 12, Solution 79.

Consider the per-phase equivalent circuit below.

Ia 2Ω
a A

+
Van ZY = 12 + j5 Ω
−

n N

Van 255∠0°
Ia = = = 17.15∠ - 19.65° A
Z Y + 2 14 + j5

Thus,
I b = I a ∠ - 120° = 17.15∠ - 139.65° A
I c = I a ∠120° = 17.15∠100.35° A

VAN = I a Z Y = (17.15∠ - 19.65°)(13∠22.62°) = 223∠2.97° V

Thus,
VBN = VAN ∠ - 120° = 223∠ - 117.63° V
VCN = VAN ∠120° = 223∠122.97° V

Chapter 12, Solution 80.

S = S1 + S 2 + S 3 = 6[0.83 + j sin(cos −1 0.83)] + S 2 + 8(0.7071 − j 0.7071)

S = 10.6368 − j 2.31 + S 2 kVA (1)

But
S = 3VL I L ∠θ = 3 (208)(84.6)(0.8 + j 0.6) VA = 24.383 + j18.287 kVA (2)

From (1) and (2),

S 2 = 13.746 + j 20.6 = 24.76∠56.28 kVA
Thus, the unknown load is 24.76 kVA at 0.5551 pf lagging.
Chapter 12, Solution 81.

pf = 0.8 (leading)  → θ1 = -36.87°

S1 = 150 ∠ - 36.87° kVA

pf = 1.0  → θ 2 = 0°
S 2 = 100 ∠0° kVA

pf = 0.6 (lagging) 
→ θ3 = 53.13°
S 3 = 200∠53.13° kVA

S 4 = 80 + j95 kVA

S = S1 + S 2 + S 3 + S 4
S = 420 + j165 = 451.2∠21.45° kVA

S = 3 VL I L

S L = 3 I 2L Z L = (3)(542.7) 2 (0.02 +
S L = 17.67 + j44.18 kVA

At the source,
S T = S + S L = 437.7 + j209.2
S T = 485.1∠25.55° kVA

ST 485.1 × 10 3
VT = = = 516 V
3 IL 3 × 542.7
Chapter 12, Solution 82.

V 2p
S 1 = 400(0.8 + j 0.6) = 320 + j 240 kVA, S2 = 3
Z*p

For the delta-connected load, V L = V p

(2400) 2
S 2 = 3x = 1053.7 + j842.93 kVA
10 − j8

S = S 1 + S 2 = 1.3737 + j1.0829 MVA

Let I = I1 + I2 be the total line current. For I1,

VL
S1 = 3V p I *1 , Vp =
3

S1 (320 + j 240) x10 3

I *1 = = , I 1 = 76.98 − j 57.735
3VL 3 (2400)

For I2, convert the load to wye.

2400
I 2 = I p 3∠ − 30 o = 3∠ − 30 o = 273.1 − j 289.76
10 + j8

I = I 1 + I 2 = 350 − j 347.5

Vs = VL + Vline = 2400 + I (3 + j 6) = 5.185 + j1.405 kV 

→ | Vs |= 5.372 kV

Chapter 12, Solution 83.

S1 = 120 x746 x0.95(0.707 + j 0.707) = 60.135 + j 60.135 kVA, S 2 = 80 kVA

S = S1 + S 2 = 140.135 + j 60.135 kVA

|S| 152.49 x10 3

But | S |= 3VL I L 
→ IL = = = 183.42 A
3VL 3 x 480
Chapter 12, Solution 84.

We first find the magnitude of the various currents.

For the motor,

S 4000
IL = = = 5.248 A
3 VL 440 3

For the capacitor,

Q c 1800
IC = = = 4.091 A
VL 440

For the lighting,

440
Vp = = 254 V
3

PLi 800
I Li = = = 3.15 A
Vp 254

Consider the figure below.

Ia I1
a
+ IC
Vab -jXC
Ib I2
−
b

Ic I3
c
ILi

R
In
n

If Van = Vp ∠0° , Vab = 3 Vp ∠30°

Vcn = Vp ∠120°
 Vab
IC = = 4.091∠120°
-j X C

Vab
I1 = = 4.091∠(θ + 30°)
Z∆
where θ = cos -1 (0.72) = 43.95°

I 1 = 5.249 ∠73.95°

I 2 = 5.249 ∠ - 46.05°

I 3 = 5.249∠193.95°

Vcn
I Li = = 3.15∠120°
R

Thus,
I a = I 1 + I C = 5.249∠73.95° + 4.091∠120°
I a = 8.608∠93.96° A

I b = I 2 − I C = 5.249∠ - 46.05° − 4.091∠120°

I b = 9.271∠ - 52.16° A

I c = I 3 + I Li = 5.249∠193.95° + 3.15∠120°
I c = 6.827 ∠167.6° A

I n = - I Li = 3.15∠ - 60° A

Chapter 12, Solution 85.

Let ZY = R

VL 240
Vp = = = 138.56 V
3 3

27 Vp2
P = Vp I p = = 9 kW =
2 R
 Vp2 (138.56) 2
R= = = 2.133 Ω
P 9000

Thus, Z Y = 2.133 Ω

Chapter 12, Solution 86.

Consider the circuit shown below.

1Ω
a A

+ I1
120∠0° V rms 24 – j2 Ω
−

1Ω
n N

+ I2
120∠0° V rms 15 + j4 Ω
−
1Ω
b B

For the two meshes,

120 = (26 − j2) I 1 − I 2 (1)
120 = (17 + j4) I 2 − I 1 (2)

In matrix form,
120  26 − j2 - 1  I 1 
120 =  - 1 17 + j4 I 2 
  

∆ = 449 + j70 , ∆ 1 = (120)(18 + j4) , ∆ 2 = (120)(27 − j2)

∆ 1 120 × 18.44 ∠12.53°

I1 = = = 4.87 ∠3.67°
∆ 454.42 ∠8.86°

∆ 2 120 × 27.07 ∠ - 4.24°

I2 = = = 7.15∠ - 13.1°
∆ 454.42 ∠8.86°
 I aA = I 1 = 4.87 ∠3.67° A
I bB = - I 2 = 7.15∠166.9° A

∆ 2 − ∆1
I nN = I 2 − I 1 =
∆

(120)(9 − j6)
I nN = = 2.856∠ - 42.55° A
449 + j70

Chapter 12, Solution 87.

L = 50 mH  → jωL = j (2π)(60)(5010 -3 ) = j18.85

Consider the circuit below.
1Ω

+ I1
115 V
− 20 Ω

2Ω
15 + j18.85 Ω

+ I2
115 V 30 Ω
−
1Ω

Applying KVl to the three meshes, we obtain

23 I 1 − 2 I 2 − 20 I 3 = 115 (1)
- 2 I 1 + 33 I 2 − 30 I 3 = 115 (2)
- 20 I 1 − 30 I 2 + (65 + j18.85) I 3 = 0 (3)
In matrix form,
 23 - 2 - 20   I 1  115
 - 2 33 - 30  I  = 115
  2  
- 20 - 30 65 + j18.85 I 3   0 

∆ = 12,775 + j14,232 , ∆ 1 = (115)(1975 + j659.8)

∆ 2 = (115)(1825 + j471.3) , ∆ 3 = (115)(1450)
 ∆ 1 115 × 2082∠18.47°
I1 = = = 12.52∠ - 29.62°
∆ 19214∠48.09°

∆ 2 115 × 1884.9 ∠14.48°

I2 = = = 11.33∠ - 33.61°
∆ 19124 ∠48.09°

∆ 2 − ∆ 1 (115)(-150 − j188.5)
I n = I 2 − I1 = = = 1.448∠ - 176.6° A
∆ 12,775 + j14,231.75

S 1 = V1 I *1 = (115)(12.52∠ 29.62°) = 1252 + j711.6 VA

S 2 = V2 I *2 = (115)(1.33∠33.61°) = 1085 + j721.2 VA