Geometry Review of PIL KEY

Parallel and Intersecting Lines

Name: ______________________
Date: __________ Per.:_________

PIL01: Use complementary supplementary and congruent to compare two angles.

1) Complete the following definition:
2) Complete the following definition:
Two angles are Complementary IFF the sum of their
Two angles are Supplementary IFF the sum of their measures
measures is ____ 90 ______degrees.
is ____ 180 ______ degrees.
3) In the picture below, name two pairs of angles that are
4) In the picture below, name two pairs of angles that are
Supplementary.
Complementary.

__7__& __5__

__1__& __2__

and __3__& __8__

7
4

and __2__& __4__

m2=120
2
3

4 m4=60

m3=50

8
3
5) Name all angles that are congruent to A. mA=30 ______(1, (3, (4, & (6 __________

30

150

6
60

6) For each scenario below SKETCH an angle matching the description. Write the angles measurement as well.
a. The complement of (A
b. The supplement of (A

140
50

c.

m(A=40

40

m(A=40

(A and (B form Linear Pair.

d. (A and (C form Vertical Angles.

m(B 140 m(A=40

m(C =40

m(A=40

For each of the following word problems, identify the angles, write an algebraic expression, solve then answer the question.
7) An angle is twice its complement. Find the angle.

x = 2(90-x)

x = 180 2x

3x = 180

x = 60 and the complement = 90-60 = 30

8) Twice an angle is 60 more than its supplement. Find the two angles.

2x = 60 + (180 x)

2x = 240 x

3x = 240

x = 80; supplement = 180-80 = 100.

PIL02: Given two intersecting lines, identify Linear Pairs and Vertical Angles.
In the picture at right, identify two sets of angles that form
9) How many unique linear pairs do you see in the figure
A at right? (dont double count1 &2 is the same as 2&1)
12
10) How many unique vertical angle pairs do you see in the
figure A at the right? (again, dont double count).
6
11) Is it possible for a pair of angles to be both vertical AND
linear pair? Explain. No, because vertical angles are
not adjacent angles, and linear pairs are.

Figure A

12) How many linear pairs in figure B? 24

13) How many vertical angle pairs in figure B? 12
14) How many pairs of complementary angles in figure B? 8
15) How many pairs of supplementary angles in figure B? 24

Figure B

PIL 03 Linear Pair Theorem Proof

If two angles form a linear pair,

Definition of Supplementary
The measure of two angles sums
to 180
iff the angles are supplementary.
mCAB + m BAT = 180
Protractor Postulate
If an angle is a straight angle,
then its measure is 180.
Angle Addition Postulate
If two angles are adjacent,
then the sum of their individual
measures equals the measure of the
angle formed by their non-shared
sides
CAB and BAT form linear pair
Given
mCAB + m BAT = m CAT
m CAT = 180
Substitution Property of
Equality
If a + b = c and c = d then a+b = d

PIL04
1 and 3 form a linear pair
2 and 3 form a linear pair
m 1 + m 3 = 180
m 2 + m 3 = 180
Linear Pair Theorem
If two angles form a linear pair,
then they are supplementary.
m1 = 180 - m 3
m 2 = 180 - m 3
Given
m 1 = m 2
Definition of Linear Pair
Two angles form a linear pair iff
their non-shared sides form a straight
angle
1 and 3 are supplementary
2 and 3 are supplementary
Subtraction Property of Equality
If the same number is subtracted
from both sides of an equation,
Then the new equation is equivalent
to the original.
1 and 2 are vertical angles
Definition of Supplementary
The measure of two angles sums to
180
iff the angles are supplementary.
Substitution Property of Equality
Substitute (m 1) for (180 - m 3)
in m 2 = (180 - m 3)

Put these Statements & Reasons in the

right order to form a 2 column proof.

CAT is a straight angle.

Then the angles are supplementary.

Given: CAB & BAT form a linear pair.

& CAT is a straight angle
Prove: CAB and BAT are supplementary

Statements

Reasons

CAB and BAT form linear pair

Given

CAT is a straight angle.

Given.

m CAT = 180

Definition of Straight Angle

If an angle is a straight angle,
then its measure is 180.

mCAB + m BAT = m CAT

Angle Addition Postulate

If two angles are adjacent, then the sum of their
individual measures equals the measure of the
angle formed by their non-shared sides

mCAB + m BAT = 180

Substitution Property of Equality

If a + b = c and c = d then a+b = d.

CAB andBAT are supplementary

Definition of Supplementary
The measure of two angles sums to 180
iff the angles are supplementary

Vertical Angles Theorem

If two angles are vertical angles
Then they have equal measures,

2
1 3

Given 1 and 2 are vertical Angles

Prove that 1 and 2 have equal measures.

Put these Statements & Reasons in the

right order to form a 2 column proof.

CAB andBAT are

supplementary
Given

Statements

Reasons

1 and 2 are vertical angles

Given

1 and 3 form a linear pair

2 and 3 form a linear pair

Definition of Linear Pair

Two angles form a linear pair iff their nonshared sides form a straight angle.

1 and 3 are supplementary

2 and 3 are supplementary

Linear Pair Theorem

(If LP, then Supplementary)

m 1 + m 3 = 180
m 2 + m 3 = 180
m1 = 180 - m 3
m 2 = 180 - m 3

m1 = m 2
(1 & 2 have the equal measures)

Definition of Supplementary
The measure of two angles sums to 180
iff the angles are supplementary.
Subtraction Property of Equality
If the same number is subtracted from both sides of an
equation, Then the new equation is equivalent to the original.

Substitution Property of Equality

Substitute (m 1) for (180 - m 3) in m 2
= (180 - m 3)

PIL05 Given a pair of lines cut by a transversal, identify the angle pairs by name.
Write the appropriate name for each pair of angles. Do not use abbreviations.
g) (7 & (5 are _____Linear Pair_______________
h) (4 & (6 are _____ Same Side Interior Angles______
i) (3 & (6 are ______ Alternate Interior Angles _____

j) (2 & (7 are ______ Alternate Exterior Angles ______

k) (1 & (7 are _______Same Side Exterior Angles _____
l) (1 & (8 are ________ Corresponding Angles ________
g) (1 & (5 are

7 5

_______ Alternate Exterior Angles ______

Name a pair of angles that satisfy each classification. State with respect to which transversal and two lines.
Example:

Corresponding Angles: (5&

(3 (c, l and p)

Corresponding Angles(4& (8 (t, l and m)

(2
Vertical Angles _(3& (7 (none, ,p and m)

(8

Alternate Interior Angles (5& (7 (c, l and p)

Same Side Exterior Angles (2& (8 (t, l and m)

(7

(3

Same Side Interior Angles (1& (5 (c, l and m)

(1

Linear Pair ___(4& (2 (t, l and none) _

Alternate Exterior Angles (2& (9 (t, l and p)

(5

(4

(9

PIL06 Prove the four parallel line/transversal theorems. This practices only two of them!
You are responsible for completing a partially filled in proof (not from scratch).
Prove the Alternate Interior Angles Theorem

If two lines, cut by a transversal are parallel,

Then the alternate interior angles are congruent.
l

(2

(3
m
(6

Given _ l & m are parallel._

t is transversal

Prove the Same Side Exterior Angle Theorem

If two lines, cut by a transversal are parallel
Then same-side Exterior angles are supplementary.
Given __ p & q are parallel._
a is transversal

a
(1
(2

Prove __(1&(3 are supplementary

(3

Prove __(3 (6____

Statements

Statements

Reasons

1) Given
1) l & m are parallel.
t is transversal.
2) (2&(6 are corresponding 2) Defin. of Corresp. Angles
parallel
angles_
3) If transversal then
3) _(2__(6_
corresponding
4) Defin. of Vertical Angles
4) (2&(3 are vertical angles
5) (2 (3

5) If Vert.Angles then

6) (3 (2

6) Symmetric_prop of

7) (3 (6

7) Transitive prop of
QED

Reasons

1) p & q are parallel.

1) Given
a is transversal.
2) (2&(3 are corresponding
2) Defin. of corresponding angle
angles_

3) (2 (3

parallel
3) If transversal then
corresponding

4) m(2 = m(3
5) (1&(2 form Linear Pair
6) (1&(2 are Supplementary
7) m(1 + m(2 = 180
8) (1 + (3 = 180
9) (1&(3 are supplementary

4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)

Defin. of Congruent Angles

Defin of Linear Pair
If Linear Pair then Supplem.
Definition of Supplementary
Substitution prop of =
Defin of Supplementary

QED

PIL07 Prove the converse of four parallel line/transversal theorems. This practices only two of them!
The Converse of the Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem
If two lines are cut by a transversal so that alternate exterior
angles are congruent,
a (4
Then the lines are parallel.

Given a is transversal
(6 (4

(5

Prove r & q are parallel

(6

Statements

Reasons

1) Given
1) (6 (4
a is transversal.
2) Defin. of Vertical Angles
2) (5&(6 are Vertical Angles
3) (5 (6

3) If Vertical Angles, then

4) Transitive prop of
5)
Defin. of Corresponding Angles
5) (5 &(4 are Corresponding
4) (5 (4
Angles.

6) r & q are parallel

transversal
6) If congruent then parallel
corresponding
QED

The Converse of the Same Side Interior Angles Theorem.

If two lines are cut by a transversal so that same side interior
angles are supplementary,
t
Then the lines are parallel.
Given t is transversal
(3 & (6 are suppl.
Prove l & m are parallel
Statements

(2
(3
(6

m
Reasons

1) (3&(6 are supplementary

1) Given
t is transversal.
2) m(3 + m(6 = 180
2) Defin. of supplementary
3) (2&(3 form Linear Pair 3) Defin. of Linear Pair
4) (2&(3 are supplementary 4) If Linear Pair then Suppl
5) Defin of supplementary
5) m(2 + m(3 = 180
6) m(2 + m(3 = m(3 + m(6 6) Substitution Prop Equality
7) Reflexive Prop equality
7) m(3 =m(3
8) Subtraction prop of =
8) m(2 = m(6
9) (2 & (6 corresp angles 9) Defin of Corresp. Angles
transversal
10) l & m are parallel.
10) If congruent then parallel
QED
corresponding

Which of the following pairs of lines are parallel? State the theorem or postulate that justifies.
If NOT parallel, use indirect reasoning (aka the contrapositive of a theorem we know to be
true) to justify that it is NOT parallel.

t
20

20
m
160

Parallel: YES or NO? (circle one)

Justification: IF_parallel, transversal and alternate interior_______
THEN_____congruent___. AND/BUT SINCE____alt int NOT congruent____
WE CONCLUDE_________l and m cannot be parallel_______________

Parallel: YES or NO? (circle one)

t
y 145 35

Justification: IF____transversal, corresponding, congruent, ________

THEN___parallel______AND/BUT SINCE__corresponding are congruent___

35

or

w and v

WE CONCLUDE______lines x and y are parallel______________________

t
w

72
72

v 108

Which line pair(s) is/are parallel?

t&z

(circle one or both pairs)

Justification re w&v: IF_transversal, corresponding, congruent,______

THEN____parallel______AND/BUT SINCE___linear pair to 108 (at t/v) is 72,
so corresp are ___ WE CONCLUDE____w and v are parallel_________
Justification re t&z: IF____transversal, same-side and parallel_______
THEN____supplementary__AND/BUT SINCE__the angle vertical to 72 @ z/w
is same side interior with 72, they should be supplementary. But 72 and 72 are
not supplementary. Since they are NOT supplementary_
WE CONCLUDE_________ lines t and z are not parallel.__________

Find the value of the missing variables, if you can. If you cannot, state, Cannot Be
Determined from the information provide.

t
t
p

3a+27

w
2x - 5

x+13

2x + 12 3x - 32
y - 3

y +10

66
a = ___13___
If parallel, transv, AEA, then congruent.
If congruent, then measures equal
3a + 27 =66
3a = 39
a = 13

x = ___18___; y = cannot be determined

If vertical angles, then congruent
2x 5 = x + 13; so x = 18
If parallel, transversal, sse, then suppl.
But, we dont know parallel, so we cant
make an equation over the river between
w and v. Y cannot be determined.

x = __40__, y = _95_
If linear pair, then supplementary, if
supplementary, then add to 180. So
2x + 12 + 3x 32 = 180.
5x = 200; x = 40.
If vertical angles, then congruent.
2x + 12 = y 3
2(40) + 12 =y 3; 95 = y.

Perform the constructions indicated:

Construct a line perpendicular to the lines shown, through the point A.

Construct a line parallel to the line shown by using Corresponding Angles Postulate.

Construct a rectangle using AB as one side, and use the length of BC for the other sides.