200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.

com

Database Normalization
PHPQuebec2005
MikeHillyerMySQLAB

200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

About Me
Mike Hillyer, BSc

MemberoftheMySQLABdocumentationteam
MySQLCoreandProCertified
TopMySQLexpertatwww.experts-exchange.com
ResidentMySQLexpertatSearchDatabase.com
http://www.openwin.org/mike/aboutme.php

200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

About You
How many of you

CurrentlyuseMySQL?
AnotherRDBMS?
Areresponsiblefordatabasedesign?
Willbeinthefuture?
Knowaboutdatabasenormalization?

200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

About This Session

http://www.openwin.org/mike/presentations/

http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/articles/intro-to-normalization.html

Introduction
WhatIsDatabaseNormalization?
WhataretheBenefitsofDatabaseNormalization?
WhataretheNormalForms?
FirstNormalForm
SecondNormalForm
FormingRelationships
ThirdNormalForm
JoiningTables
De-Normalization
Conclusion

200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

What Is Database Normalization?

CurestheSpreadSheetSyndrome
Storeonlytheminimalamountofinformation.
Removeredundancies.
Restructuredata.

200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

What are the Benefits

Decreasedstoragerequirements!

convertedto
inatableof
isasavingsof

1VARCHAR(20)
1TINYINTUNSIGNED
1millionrows
~20MB

Fastersearchperformance!
Smallerfilefortablescans.
Moredirectedsearching.

Improveddataintegrity!

200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

What are the Normal Forms?

FirstNormalForm(1NF)
SecondNormalForm(2NF)
ThirdNormalForm(3NF)
Boyce-CoddNormalForm(BCNF)
FourthNormalForm(4NF)
FifthNormalForm(5NF)

200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

Our Table
user

name
nickname
phone1
phone2
phone3
cell
pager
address
city
province
postal_code
country
email1
email2
web_url
company
department
picture
notes
email_format

name

phone1

phone2

email1

email2

MikeHillyer

403-555-1717

403-555-1919

mike@hoppen.com

mhillyer@mysite.com

TomJensen

403-555-1919

403-555-1313

tom@openwin.org

tom@supersite.org

RaySmith

403-555-1919

403-555-1111

ray@cpma.com

200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

First Normal Form

Removehorizontalredundancies
Notwocolumnsholdthesameinformation
Nosinglecolumnholdsmorethanasingleitem

Eachrowmustbeunique
Useaprimarykey

Benefits
Easiertoquery/sortthedata
Morescalable
Eachrowcanbeidentifiedforupdating

200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

One Solution
user

first_name
last_name
nickname
phone
cell
pager
address
city
province
postal_code
country
web_url
department
picture
notes

first_name last_name

phone

email

Mike

Hillyer

403-555-1717

mike@hoppen.com

Mike

Hillyer

403-555-1919

mhillyer@mysite.com

Tom

Jensen

403-555-1919

tom@openwin.org

Tom

Jensen

403-555-1313

tom@supersite.org

Ray

Smith

403-555-1919

ray@cpma.com

Ray

Smith

403-555-1111

Multiplerowsperuser
Emailsareassociatedwithonlyoneotherphone
HardtoSearch

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200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

Satisfying 1NF
user
PK

user_id
first_name
last_name
nickname
address
city
province
postal_code
country
web_url
company
department
picture
notes

email
PK

email_id
address

phone
PK

phone_id
country_code
number
extension

11

200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

Forming Relationships

ThreeForms
Oneto(zeroor)One
Oneto(zeroor)Many
ManytoMany

OnetoOne
SameTable?

OnetoMany
PlacePKoftheOneintheMany

ManytoMany
Createajoiningtable

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200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

Joining Tables
user
PK

user_id
first_name
last_name
nickname
address
city
province
postal_code
country
web_url
picture
notes
email_format

phone

user_phone
PK,FK1 phone_id
PK
user_id
type

email
PK

address

FK1

user_id

PK

phone_id
country_code
number
extension

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200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

Our User Table

company

department

Mike

Hillyer

MySQL

Documentation

Tom

Jensen

CPNS

Finance

Ray

Smith

CPNS

Documentation

user
PK

user_id
first_name
last_name
nickname
address
city
province
postal_code
country
web_url
picture
notes
email_format

phone

user_phone
PK,FK1 phone_id
PK
user_id
type

email
PK

address

FK1

user_id

PK

phone_id
country_code
number
extension

14

200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

Second Normal Form

TablemustbeinFirstNormalForm
Removeverticalredundancy
Thesamevalueshouldnotrepeatacrossrows

Compositekeys
AllcolumnsinarowmustrefertoBOTHpartsofthekey

Benefits
Increasedstorageefficiency
Lessdatarepetition

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200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

Satisfying 2NF

email
email
PK address
PK address
type
FK1 user_id
FK1 user_id

user
user
PK user_id
PK user_id
first_name
last_name
first_name
nickname
last_name
address
nickname
city
address
province
city
postal_code
province
country
postal_code
web_url
country
picture
web_url
notes
picture
email_format
notes

phone

user_phone
PK,FK1 user_id
PK,FK2 phone_id

PK

phone_id
country_code
number
extension
type

user_company
PK,FK1 user_id
PK,FK2 company_id
department

company
PK

company_id
name

16

200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

Third Normal Form

TablemustbeinSecondNormalForm
Ifyourtableis2NF,thereisagoodchanceitis3NF

Allcolumnsmustrelatedirectlytotheprimarykey
Benefits
Noextraneousdata

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200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

Satisfying 3NF
user_phone
user
PK

email
PK

address

FK1

user_id
format

user_id
first_name
last_name
nickname
address
city
province
postal_code
country
web_url
picture
notes

PK,FK1 user_id
PK,FK2 phone_id

phone
PK

phone_id
country_code
number
type

extension

user_company
PK,FK1 user_id
PK,FK2 company_id
department

company
PK

company_id
name

18

200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

Finding Balance
user

user_phone

PK

user_id

FK1

first_name
last_name
nickname
unit
street_number
street_name
street_type
quadrant
web_url
picture
notes
postal_code

PK,FK1 user_id
PK,FK2 phone_id
extension

email

postal_code
PK

postal_code

FK1

city_id

PK

address

FK1

user_id
format

phone
PK

phone_id

FK1

type_id
area_code
NXX
NCX
country_id

FK2

PK

city_id

FK1

name
province_id

PK

type_id

PK,FK1 user_id
PK,FK2 department_id

province_id

FK1

Name
Abbreviation
country_id

country_id
Name
phone_code

department
PK

department_id

FK1

name
company_id

province
PK

PK

type

user_department

city

country

type

company
PK

company_id
name

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200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

Joining Tables

TwoBasicJoins
Equi-Join
OuterJoin(LEFTJOIN)

Equi-Join
SELECTuser.first_name,user.last_name,email.address
FROMuser,email
WHEREuser.user_id=email.user_id

LEFTJOIN
SELECTuser.first_name,user.last_name,email.address
FROMuserLEFTJOINemail
ONuser.user_id=email.user_id

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200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

De-Normalizing Tables

Usewithcaution
Normalizefirst,thende-normalize
Useonlywhenyoucannotoptimize
Trytemptables,UNIONs,VIEWs,subselectsfirst

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200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

Conclusion

http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/articles/intro-tonormalization.html
MySQLDatabaseDesignandOptimization

JonStephens&ChadRussell
Chapter3
ISBN1-59059-332-4
http://www.openwin.org/mike/books

http://www.openwin.org/mike/presentations

22

200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

QUESTIONS?
Feelfreetoasknoworfindmeafterthissession!

23

200502-02|DatabaseNormalization|MySQLAB2005|www.mysql.com

Book Draw!
Stick around and win a book!

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