CH 11
CH 11
CH 11
Matching
A)
eight
B)
deoxy
C)
peptidoglycan
D)
axial
E)
anomers
F)
two
G)
lactose
H)
glyceraldehyde
I)
amylopectin
J)
epimers
K)
sixteen
L)
glycogen
M)
equatorial
1. Glucose, with its four chiral carbons, has ______ possible stereoisomers.
Ans: K
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 11-1. Monosaccharides
2. The smallest aldose is ______.
Ans: H
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 11-1. Monosaccharides
3. The monosaccharides -D-galactose and -D-galactose are ______.
Ans: E
Multiple Choice
10. At equilibrium in solution, D-glucose consists of a mixture of its anomers. Which statement
most accurately describes the solution?
A) The solution consists of approximately equal amounts of the - and -anomers.
B) The straight-chain form is present in high concentration.
C) The -anomer is more stable and is slightly preferred over the -anomer.
D) The -anomer predominates over the -anomer by a ratio of approximately 2:1.
E) None of the above.
Ans: D
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 11-1. Monosaccharides
11. Which of the following sugars is not a reducing sugar?
A) glucose
B) ribose
C) sucrose
D) starch
E) galactose
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 11-2. Polysaccharides
12. How many stereoisomers are possible for an aldopentose such as ribose?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16
E) 32
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 11-1. Monosaccharides
13. How many stereoisomers are possible for a ketopentose such as ribulose?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16
E) 32
Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 11-1. Monosaccharides
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The figure below is used in questions 14-16:
B)
C)
D)
E)
C
D
B and D
none of the above
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 11-1. Monosaccharides
16. Which two sugars shown in the figure are epimers?
A) A and B
B) B and C
C) C and D
D) A and D
E) None of the above
Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 11-1. Monosaccharides
17. The transformation of a monosaccharide into its ______ occurs easily and does not require
the assistance of a catalyst.
A) epimer
B) anomer
C) sugar alcohol
D) diastereomer
E) none of the above
Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 11-1. Monosaccharides
18. Which of the following is an example of a heteropolysaccharide?
A) cellulose
B) chitin
C) starch
D) glycogen
E) glycosaminoglycan
Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 11-2. Polysaccharides
19. Which of the following polysaccharides cannot be digested by mammalian salivary, gastric,
or pancreatic enzymes?
A) cellulose
B) amylopectin
C) amylose
D) glycogen
E) starch
Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 11-2. Polysaccharides
20. Proteins that bind specific carbohydrates are called ______.
A) pectins
B) oligonucleotides
C) glycosaminoglycans
D) lectins
E) chitins
Ans: D
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 11-3. Glycoproteins
21. Bacterial cell walls are constructed of _____.
A) pectin
B) chondroitin sulfate chains
C) peptidoglycans
D) heparin
E) all of the above
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 11-3. Glycoproteins
22. O-linked oligosaccharides are commonly attached to the oxygen of _____.
A) ribose
B) tyrosine
C) lysine
D) threonine
E) glycine
Ans: D
Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 11-2. Polysaccharides
27. Uronic acids
A) are aldoses where the aldehyde is oxidized.
B) are aldoses where the 1 alcohol is oxidized.
C) can be found in the pyranose form
D) A and C are both correct
E) B and C are both correct
Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 11-1. Monosaccharides
28. The sialic acids
A) are important constituents of glycoproteins and glycolipids
B) are N-acetyl glucosamine derivatives
C) incorporate a succinic acid derivative
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 11-1. Monosaccharides
29. The bonding of alcohols to the anomeric center of a carbohydrate results in the formation of
a(n) __________ bond.
A) anomeric
B) amide
C) glycosidic
D) ester
E) hydrogen
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 11-1. Monosaccharides
30. A saccharide that has free aldehyde group is called a(n) _____________.
A) ketose
B) non-reducing sugar
C) reducing sugar
D) aldohexose
E) alditol
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 11-1. Monosaccharides
31. N-linked oligosaccharides can be covalently linked to proteins at the amino acid
A) gly
B) ser
C) glu
D) tyr
E) asn
Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 11-3. Glycoproteins
32. The most abundant disaccharide is
A) lactose
B) cellulose
C) -amylose
D) saccharin
E) sucrose
Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 11-2. Polysaccharides
33. Artificial sweeteners are popular with dieters because
A) they cannot be readily metabolized.
B) they are peptides and provide important amino acids.
C) they have fewer calories than sucrose.
D) they are much sweeter than sucrose.
E) all of the above
Ans: D
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 11-2. Polysaccharides
34. Cellulose is
A) a linear copolymer of glucose and galactose
B)
C)
D)
E)
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 11-2. Polysaccharides
35. Unlike proteins and oligonucleotides, polysaccharides
A) are readily metabolized in the absence of specialized enzymes.
B) often have branched structures.
C) are achiral.
D) are always very water soluble.
E) are components of every known living organism.
Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 11-2. Polysaccharides
This figure is used in questions 36-40.
Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 11-1. Monosaccharides
Golgi apparatus
cytosol
mitochondrial matrix
It depends upon the specific cell type/species.