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CG DDA Algorithm

The document discusses the Digital Differential Analyzer (DDA) line drawing algorithm. It explains the steps of the DDA algorithm, provides an example of applying the algorithm to draw a line from point (3,2) to point (4,7), and includes the C code for implementing the DDA line drawing algorithm. The key steps of the DDA algorithm are to calculate the change in x and y between the endpoints, determine whether to increment x or y each iteration based on the larger difference, initialize the first point, and then loop through incrementing x or y by the step amount until the end point is reached.

Uploaded by

Punam Patil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
599 views

CG DDA Algorithm

The document discusses the Digital Differential Analyzer (DDA) line drawing algorithm. It explains the steps of the DDA algorithm, provides an example of applying the algorithm to draw a line from point (3,2) to point (4,7), and includes the C code for implementing the DDA line drawing algorithm. The key steps of the DDA algorithm are to calculate the change in x and y between the endpoints, determine whether to increment x or y each iteration based on the larger difference, initialize the first point, and then loop through incrementing x or y by the step amount until the end point is reached.

Uploaded by

Punam Patil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Sub: Computer Graphics & Multimedia

DDA LINE DRAWING ALGORITHM WITH ITS EXAMPLE AND PRACTICAL


IMPLEMENTATION

1. DDA means Digital Differential Analyzer.


2. It is one of the line drawing algorithms.
3. Algorithm of DDA:
1.
2.

Read End Points of line (x1,y1) & (x2,y2).


dx = (x2-x1)
dy = (y2-y1)
3. If (dx>=dy) then
length=dx
else
length=dy
end if
4. dx = (x2-x1)/ length
//This makes either dx or dy equal to 1 i.e. Incremental
dy = (y2-y1)/ length
// value of x or y is 1.
5. x= x1+0.5*sign(dx)
.
y= y1+0.5*sign (dy)

6.

// Sign shows Algorithm work in all quadrant


// 0.5 for Round up value in integer function.
i=1
// In this loop points are Plotted.
while (i<=length)
{
Plot (Integer(x), Integer(y)
// Use put pixel.
x=x +dx
y= y + dy
i=i+1
}

7. Stop

4. Example of DDA:
Consider the line from (3, 2) to (4, 7), use DDA line algorithm to rasterize this line.
Evaluate and tabulate all the steps involved.
Solution:
Given data,

Ms. Punam Patil

Page 1

Sub: Computer Graphics & Multimedia


1. Consider,
(x1, y1)= (3, 2)
(x2, y2)= (4,7)
2. To find,
x=x2-x1=4-3=1
y=y2-y1=7-2=5
3. Find out Length by checking condition,
If (dx>=dy) then
length=dx
else
length=dy
end if
Length=y=5
4. x=x/Length =1/5= 0.2
y=y/Length=5/5=1
5. Initial values,
X=x1+0.5*sign (x)
=3+0.5* (+)
X=3.5
Y=y1+0.5*sign (y)
=2+0.5*sign(+)
Y=2.5
6. By loop,
The result in tabulated form as,

Ms. Punam Patil

Page 2

Sub: Computer Graphics & Multimedia


Iteration

Pixel

R(x)

R(y)

Initially
0

(3,2)

3.5

2.5

(3,3)

3.7

3.5

(3,4)

3.9

4.5

(4,5)

4.1

5.5

(4,6)

4.3

6.5

Length=5

(4,7)

4.5

7.5

By pictorial presentation in graph is as shown below,

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
(0, 0)
1

5. Program for DDA line drawing algorithm in C:


#include<stdio.h> //Header files
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<graphics.h>

Ms. Punam Patil

Page 3

Sub: Computer Graphics & Multimedia

int main( )
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int x1,x2,y1,y2,dx,dy,steps,k;
float xi,yi,x,y;
clrscr( );
initgraph (&gd,&gm,"c:\\turboc3\\bgi");

//Initialize graphics system

printf("Enter the co-ordinates of the first point \n"); //Read the value of point1
printf("x1= ");
scanf("%d/n",&x1);
printf("y1= ");
scanf("%d/n",&y1);
printf("Enter the co-ordinates of the second point \n"); //Read the value of point2
printf("x2= ");
scanf("%d/n",&x2);
printf("y2= ");
scanf("%d/n",&y2);
dx= x2-x1;
dy= y2-y1;

//find dx & dy values

if (abs(dx) > abs(dy))


steps = abs(dx);
else
steps = abs(dy);

//find value of length

xi=(float)dx/steps;
yi=(float)dy/steps;
x=x1; //Initialize starting point
y=y1;
for(k=0;k<steps;k++)
{
putpixel (x,y,15);
x=x+xi;
Ms. Punam Patil

//starting main loop

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Sub: Computer Graphics & Multimedia


y=y+yi;
}
getch();
closegraph(); //close the graphics system
return 0;
//return the value
}

6. Output:

Ms. Punam Patil

Page 5

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