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Symmetrical Fault Calculations

This document provides three examples of calculating fault current at a bus (F) given system impedance values and components connected to the bus. In each example, the document shows the steps of calculating base values, component impedances in per unit, calculating an equivalent impedance, and using this to determine the fault current. The examples show that adding a generator increases the fault current, and adding a transformer and motor further increases it.

Uploaded by

rasim_m1146
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
187 views

Symmetrical Fault Calculations

This document provides three examples of calculating fault current at a bus (F) given system impedance values and components connected to the bus. In each example, the document shows the steps of calculating base values, component impedances in per unit, calculating an equivalent impedance, and using this to determine the fault current. The examples show that adding a generator increases the fault current, and adding a transformer and motor further increases it.

Uploaded by

rasim_m1146
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Symmetrical Fault Calculations

Example 1
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%

13.8 kV
F

Calculate the fault current at F

Example 1
Step 1: Calculate Base Values

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

MVA base = 100


kVbase = 34.5
Zbase
10/12.5 MVA
6%

13.8 kV
F

Calculate the fault current at F

Ibase

2
kVbase
=
MVA base

34.5 2
=
= 11.9ohms
100
MVA base 100 MVA
=
=
kVbase
34.5kV
= 2898 .55 A

Example 1
Step 2: Calculate p.u impedances

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

Z Tpu

10/12.5 MVA
6%

13.8 kV
F

Calculate the fault current at F

MVA base
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.06 x
= 0.48
12.5
= Zt x

Example 1
Step 2: Calculate p.u impedances

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

Z Tpu

MVA base
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.06 x
= 0.48
12.5
= Zt x

10/12.5 MVA
6%

Zutility
13.8 kV
F

Calculate the fault current at F

kV
MVA base
x oldbase
kVbase
MVA oldbase
100 34.5
=
x
1200 34.5
= 0.0833
=

Example 1
Step 3: Calculate fault current

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

IFpu =

Vpu

Z total
1.0
=
= 1.775 pu
0.48 + 0.0833

10/12.5 MVA
6%

13.8 kV
F

Calculate the fault current at F

Example 1
Step 3: Calculate fault current

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

IFpu =

Vpu

Z total
1.0
=
= 1.775 pu
0.48 + 0.0833

10/12.5 MVA
6%

IFHV = IFpu x
13.8 kV
F

Calculate the fault current at F

Ibase

= 1.775 x

3
2898 .55

IFHV
x 34.5
13.8
= 7426 A

IFLV =

= 2970 A

Example 2 Addition of a Generator

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

Calculate the fault current at F

Example 2 Addition of a Generator


Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

Calculate the fault current at F

Zutility

MVA base
kV
x oldbase
MVA oldbase
kVbase
100 34.5
=
x
1200 34.5
= 0.0833
=

Example 2 Addition of a Generator


Step 1: Calculate impedances

Zutility

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

Calculate the fault current at F

Z Tpu

MVA base
kV
x oldbase
MVA oldbase
kVbase
100 34.5
=
x
1200 34.5
= 0.0833
=

MVA base
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.06 x
= 0.48
12.5
= Zt x

Example 2 Addition of a Generator


Step 1: Calculate impedances

Zutility

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

Z Tpu

13.8 kV

Z Gpu
F

Calculate the fault current at F

MVA base
kV
x oldbase
MVA oldbase
kVbase
100 34.5
=
x
1200 34.5
= 0.0833
=

MVA base
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.06 x
= 0.48
12.5
= Zt x

MVA base
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.12 x
= 2.4
5
= ZG x

Example 2 Addition of a Generator


Step 2: Calculate equivalent impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%

1.0V
0.0833
5MVA
Xd=0.12

Zutility
2.4
ZTpu

13.8 kV

Calculate the fault current at F

0.48

ZGpu

Example 2 Addition of a Generator


Step 2: Calculate equivalent impedances
ZEq

1.0V

0.0833

Zutility
2.4

ZTpu

ZGpu
0.48

0.456

0.5633 * 2.4
=
= 0.456
0.5633 + 2.4

Example 2 Addition of a Generator


Step 3: Calculate fault current
ZEq

1.0V

0.0833

IFpu =

Zutility
2.4
ZTpu

ZGpu
0.48

0.5633 * 2.4
=
= 0.456
0.5633 + 2.4

0.456

Vpu
ZEq

1.0
= 2.192 pu
0.456

Example 2 Addition of a Generator


Step 3: Calculate fault current
ZEq

1.0V

0.0833

0.5633 * 2.4
=
= 0.456
0.5633 + 2.4

IFpu =

Zutility

Vpu
ZEq

1.0
= 2.192 pu
0.456

2.4
ZTpu

ZGpu
0.48

0.456

IFHV = IFpu x

IFLV

Ibase

3
2898 .55
= 2.192 x
= 3668 A
3
I
= FHV x34.5
13.8
= 9170 A

Example 1 & 2 Comparison


34.5kV

34.5kV

SCC = 1200 MVA

SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

10/12.5 MVA
6%

13.8 kV
F

IF =7426 Amps

13.8 kV

IF =9170 Amps

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor


34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

3 MVA
5%

2.4 kV

2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor


Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

3 MVA
5%

2.4 kV

2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

Zutility

MVA base
kV
x oldbase
MVA oldbase
kVbase
100 34.5
=
x
1200 34.5
= 0.0833
=

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor


Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV

Zutility

SCC = 1200 MVA


10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

3 MVA
5%

2.4 kV

2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

Z Tpu1

MVA base
kV
x oldbase
MVA oldbase
kVbase
100 34.5
=
x
1200 34.5
= 0.0833
=

MVA base
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.06 x
= 0.48
12.5
= Zt x

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor


Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV

Zutility

SCC = 1200 MVA


10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

Z Tpu1

3 MVA
5%

2.4 kV

Z Gpu
2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

MVA base
kV
x oldbase
MVA oldbase
kVbase
100 34.5
=
x
1200 34.5
= 0.0833
=

MVA base
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.06 x
= 0.48
12.5
= Zt x

MVA base
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.12 x
= 2.4
5
= ZG x

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor


Step 1: Calculate impedances

Zutility = 0.0833 pu
Z Tpu1 = 0.48 pu

34.5kV

ZGpu = 2.4 pu

SCC = 1200 MVA


10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

Z Tpu2
13.8 kV

3 MVA
5%

2.4 kV

2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

MVA base
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.05 x
= 1.667
3
= Zt x

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor


Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV

Z Tpu1 = 0.48 pu
ZGpu = 2.4 pu

SCC = 1200 MVA


10/12.5 MVA
6%

Zutility = 0.0833 pu

5MVA
Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

Z Tpu2 = 1.667 pu

3 MVA
5%

2.4 kV

2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

2500 * 0.746
pf
1865
=
= 2154
0.866
MVA base
= Zm x
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.17 x
= 7.89
2.154

Motor rating =

Z Mpu

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor


Step 1: Calculate impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

3 MVA
5%

2.4 kV

2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

Zutility = 0.0833 pu
Z Tpu1 = 0.48 pu
Z Gpu = 2.4 pu
Z Tpu2 = 1.667 pu
Z Mpu = 7.89 pu

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor


Step 2: Calculate Equivalent impedances
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA
6%

1.0V
5MVA
Xd=0.12
0.0833
13.8 kV

1.667

Zutility

ZMpu

2.4
3 MVA
5%

2.4 kV

2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

ZTpu1

ZGpu
0.48

7.89

ZTpu2

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor


Step 2: Calculate Equivalent impedances
1.0V

0.0833

1.667

Zutility

ZMpu

2.4

ZTpu1

1.0V

ZGpu
0.48

7.89

ZTpu2

0.4354

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor


Step 3: Calculate fault current

1.0V

IFpu =

Vpu
ZEq

IFHV = IFpu x
0.4354

IFLV

1.0
= 2.297 pu
0.4354

Ibase

3
2898.55
= 2.297 x
= 3844 A
3
I
= FHV x 34.5
13.8
= 9609 A

Symmetrical Fault
34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

34.5kV

34.5kV

SCC = 1200 MVA

SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%
10/12.5 MVA
6%

5MVA
Xd=0.12

10/12.5 MVA
6%

13.8 kV

5MVA
Xd=0.12

3 MVA
5%

F
13.8 kV

IF =7426 Amps

2.4 kV

13.8 kV

IF =9170 Amps

2500 HP
Xd=0.17

IF =9609 Amps

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