This document describes an experiment to obtain the surface profiles of a free vortex and forced vortex flow.
For a forced vortex, the velocity is directly proportional to the radial distance from the center axis. The surface profile equation is z=ω2r2/2g, which is a parabolic curve.
For a free vortex, the velocity is inversely proportional to the radial distance. The surface profile equation is z=c-K/r, which is a hyperbolic curve asymptotic to the axis of rotation and horizontal line at z=c.
The document outlines how to measure the rotational speed, velocity, and radius to calculate the constants ω and K that characterize each type of vortex based on theoretical equations
This document describes an experiment to obtain the surface profiles of a free vortex and forced vortex flow.
For a forced vortex, the velocity is directly proportional to the radial distance from the center axis. The surface profile equation is z=ω2r2/2g, which is a parabolic curve.
For a free vortex, the velocity is inversely proportional to the radial distance. The surface profile equation is z=c-K/r, which is a hyperbolic curve asymptotic to the axis of rotation and horizontal line at z=c.
The document outlines how to measure the rotational speed, velocity, and radius to calculate the constants ω and K that characterize each type of vortex based on theoretical equations
This document describes an experiment to obtain the surface profiles of a free vortex and forced vortex flow.
For a forced vortex, the velocity is directly proportional to the radial distance from the center axis. The surface profile equation is z=ω2r2/2g, which is a parabolic curve.
For a free vortex, the velocity is inversely proportional to the radial distance. The surface profile equation is z=c-K/r, which is a hyperbolic curve asymptotic to the axis of rotation and horizontal line at z=c.
The document outlines how to measure the rotational speed, velocity, and radius to calculate the constants ω and K that characterize each type of vortex based on theoretical equations
This document describes an experiment to obtain the surface profiles of a free vortex and forced vortex flow.
For a forced vortex, the velocity is directly proportional to the radial distance from the center axis. The surface profile equation is z=ω2r2/2g, which is a parabolic curve.
For a free vortex, the velocity is inversely proportional to the radial distance. The surface profile equation is z=c-K/r, which is a hyperbolic curve asymptotic to the axis of rotation and horizontal line at z=c.
The document outlines how to measure the rotational speed, velocity, and radius to calculate the constants ω and K that characterize each type of vortex based on theoretical equations
Aim : obtain the surface profiles for a free and forced vortex flow Assumptions : Flow is steady Frictionless Only tangential velocity is present to be zero ( = 0 ).
is there, radial velocity
is assumed
Forced vortex : Theory : In a forced vortex, it can be assumed that all particles have the same angular velocity about the central axis. For a constant speed of rotation, The velocity is given by Where r is the radius of the vortex. For a fluid element rotating in a forced vortex, a centripetal force is acting. From bernoullis equation
,..(1)
here the static pressure measured is atmospheric.
We can derive,
Where z is the distance between the lowest point on the surface of the vortex and the point at a particular location of radius r on the surface of vortex from the axis of rotation.
Measurement of rotational speed(
: the rotational speed of the vortex is measured by counting the number of revolutions the paddle ( used to rotate the fluid inside the jar) makes in a time period by using a stop watch.
Free vortex : When water flows out of a vessel through a central hole in the base, a free vortex is formed. In a free vortex, the streamlines are concentric circles and continuity demands that the velocity only varies inversely to the distance from the axis of the rotation.
Here K is the constant
Assuming the steady, frictionless flow, we can apply bernoullis equation : here c is the constant If the streamline is on the surface of the vortex, the peizometric pressure must be constant( atmospheric). Substituting the equation for the velocity into the above equation yields :
Here
, here the pressure is atmospheric
Which is the equation to a hyperbolic curve which is assymptotic to the axis of
rotation and to the horizontal through z= c. For the pitot tubes the velocity is given by:
Measurement of K : The values of the radius r at any location of the vortex is calculated by using an adjusting scale and the velocity is calculated by using a pitot tube at that location. Now from equation (3) we can measure the value of K. Observations :
Plot z against
and
for forced and free vortex
Calculate the values of
and K respectively for forced and free vortex.
Discussions : Comment on the graphs plotted. Discuss the reasons for the discrepancies between the experimental and theory.
